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Turn in the following items from your homework:Answers from video reading
Keep your chapter 1 notes or reading guide. I will walk around and check them as you work
Pick up the papers on the tableBegin to work individually on the ½ sheet on
the Jared Diamond reading
• Homo Erectus• Homo Sapiens Sapiens= wise beings• Characteristics of Homo Sapiens
o Simple tool useo Use of fireo Development of culture- system of beliefs to
explain environment and social behavior
Push Factor- Reasons people to move from the region they live inExamples: water source dries up, natural
disaster, war, no economic opportunity, political repression
Pull Factor- Attracts people to move to a certain placeExamples: better farm land, better jobs, stable
government
• Major developments- development of Agriculture and cities
• Why did Agriculture develop?o Need- population increase from end of ice age
meant people had to be more creative about finding food
o Hunting yield declined with end of ice age
NomadicLimited to what could be carriedYields less food, no surplusMore variety in diet; healthierChildren spaced four years apartLess disease from sparse populations and no
domesticated animalsNo formal government or social structureEgalitarian- no social structure, gender
inequalityLess development of technology
• Ability to settle in one place and focus on economic, political, and religious goals
• Population increase• Domesticated animals could be used for food
and clothing• Greater wealth led to specialization and in turn
inventions• Note- hunting-and-gathering people couldn’t
compete and often died off from diseases from agricultural societies
Began around 11,000 BCEAbility to farm and domesticate animalsHad food surpluses which could be storedMore dependent on crops, less biodiversity, less
healthyShorter birth intervalDense populationMore disease due to contact with domesticated
animalsHumans begin to claim territories and not shareEventually leads to cities
Need for authority; governments, armies, laws
Need for priestsSpecialization in jobsWritingSocial stratification and social statusInequality between men and womenFewer people live the good lifeMore technologyProduced “civilizations”
Time World Population10,000 BCE 4 million5,000 BCE 5 million3,000 BCE 14 million2,000 BCE 27 million1,000 BCE 50 million500 BCE 100 million
• Began in the Middle East about 4000 BCE
• Metal tools allowed farmers to work more efficiently
• Allowed for more specialization• Better weapons• Increased knowledge of metals and
metalworking
• "society with enough economic surplus to form divisions of labor and social heirarchy"
• could have more complex political structure• writing • could have cities• Civilizations really date only to 3500 BCE
• Characteristics of early civilizations
o writingo formal codes of lawo city planningo institutions for trade (incl. money)
• Catal Huyuk- Neolithic village in southern Turkey around 7000 BCE. o religious structureso stable economy and
tradeo some specialization in
trade
• Middle East• developed from scratch - did not imitate• Sumerians developed cuneiform (first known case of writing)• made developments in math and science to better farm• developed complex religious rituals and towers of worship
called ziggurats• politcal organization- city-state ruled by a king who claimed
divine authority• evolution of slavery• region was difficult to defend and eventually succombed to
the Akkadians and then the Babylonians• Babylonians extended the civilization and the famous King
Hammurabi introduced the first early code of law, Hammurabi's code
• invasions of hunting and herding groups common
• formed by 3000 BCE in northern Africa
• Egypt able to maintain unified state because of location
• Pharoah had immense power• Government directed economy
more• architecture- pyramids• While science and writing not
as developed as in the Tigris-Euphrates civilization, math and art more advanced
• 2500 BCE along the Indus River- Harrapa and Mohenjo Daro
• developed distinctive writing and art
• some trading contacts with Mesopotamia
• architecture- houses had running water
• 2500-2000 BCE• developed in considerable
isolation• carefully organized state• regulated flooding of the
yellow river• advanced technology• elaborate intellectual life,
including writing and astronomy
• By 1500, Shang ruled the region
2500s BCE- 400s CENot in a river valleyExceptional wealth,
technical efficiencyArtistic creativity
(colossal heads, jade carvings)
Little evidence of war/violence
Laid foundations for calendars, writing, systems, math
900 BCE – 250 BCENot in a river valley, but in
a mountain and diffused over large area (pol. Organized)
Had llama to help with food and transport
Metallurgy, high quality textiles
Religion spread to Mesoamerica (jaguars, snakes, hawks, eagles)
architectureartwheelbasic mathematics conceptsdivisions of timealphabets and writing