Two Hieroglyphic Papyri From Tanis - Heinrich Karl Brugsch

7/27/2019 Two Hieroglyphic Papyri From Tanis - Heinrich Karl Brugsch

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EXTRA MEMOIR OFI\.

THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND.

TWO HIEROGLYPHIC PAPYRIFROM TANIS.

I .-THE SIGN PAPYRUS (A SYLLACAnv), nY F. LL. G1111>F1T11.

II.-'l ' lfE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS (AN ALllANAOK), Df w. M. F. P ETRIB.\\'ITU R E ~ l A R K BY PROFESSOR HElNRICll BRUGSCU.

FACSIMILES AND INTRODUCTORY REMARKS .

PUBLfSl fED BY ORDER OF 'l'UE OOJWlTTEE.

LONDON :'l'ltUUNER. & CO ., 57 & 59, LUDGA'l' HILL, E.C.

11!811.


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CONTENTS.

J. 'f1rn Swx PAPYIWS (1:v F. Lr. G1t1FP1Tn) .

' l ' llAN SC Hl l'l'JOX 01" PJ . TES l-21 7

II . '1'11 t: G1:oc: 1:Al' JJJCA1. PAPY1ws (nr W'. l\I. F. P t:rnn:) 21


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I. THE SIGN PAPYRUS .BY F. Lr.. GRIFFITH.

Turs papyrus is the first native list of hieroglyphics that has cvme down to us fromancient times. I t is at once highly interest-ing and very disappointing. It is of thehighest interest as being the only documentbearing upon the system by which the Egyptians arranged and taught their huge syllabary.It is disappointing, because we find so li ttlesystem in it . \Ve should have expected a morelogical arrangement of the signs, and moremethod in naming them ; more indication ofa fixed orde1 in the alphabetical signs, if notsome correspondence with the order of thatalphabet which the Phoenicians seem to haveborrowed from the Egyptians . From the considerable care with which the list bas beenprepared , and from its extent, we must supposethat if any rigid method was customary itwould havo been adopted here ; and we aredriven to conclude that the Egyptians possessedno such system.

Apart from its value in the history ofw ~ i t i n g , the papyrus forms a kind of dictionarywh ich will givo the philologist valuable hintsfor determining the meaning of many doubtfulwords.

'l'he collection from which it was selected forpublication by llfr. Poole-who first detected

1 'fhis memoir wns \vritLcn, nud the pbtcs dl'::iwu, inNov. 1885. I mado somo ndditions in ISSG. wh en mymuch-regretted fricud, Mr. If. 'l' . T a rcau ihl'ough t hoproofs.

the parallel lists of hieroglyphics and hieraticon its dark page s -is a very considerable one.Some account of the discovery and condition ofthese papy1i, the first obtained in the Delt a,may be interesting.In the spring of 1884, after the swvey ofthe temple area at San bad been completed,Mr. Petrie twned his attention to the remain s

of the town encircling it. It struck him thatthose houses which had been burnt would yieldthe most profitable results. In case of fire, theowner would snatch up his valuables, leavingthe mass of he household property to the flames.The house falling in would cover them withrubbish, from which the unfortunate man wouldnot care to disinter his bwnt and broken jars,tools, and papyri. 'l'he reddened earth andbricks betrny the site to the modcru explorer,and a few days' work in the friable and easilysearched rubbish yields him all that the firehas spared. Putting this theory int.o practice,Mr. Petric obtained a large collection of potteryand other antiquities, together with a numberof papyri. In som e cases tho documents stoweda.way in a corner of the house had boon damage


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THE SIGN PAPYRUS.violently by the beat of the conflngration, andlying amongst less compact rubbish, had betterresisted the destructive damp of the marshes.A number of these were recovered and broughtt-0 England. They are of a yellowish-browncolour, soft, and with a tendency .to turn todust on being hnnclled. Large flakes, how ever,can be separated from some of them, so as toleave the written surfac es successively vi sible,but the flakes cannot be preserved. Copiesmust therefore be made of these by an Egyptologist standing by as they are gradually taken topieces. Amongst them arc several minutelywritten demotic documents, with the reel andblack ink well preserved.

The mo st sati sfactory class in the collectionare those that have been carbonized. Some ofthese, too, have becom e a homogeneous mass tbntcannot be induced to flak e. Of others littleremains but white ash. A few, though flakingeasily, are of too thin a substan ce to be preserved, while a large number, probably, as Mr.Petrie suggests, through the use of a vegetableink, have lost the writing wholly, or it is toofaded to be reacl. This, however, may be dueto the practice of erasing a text when no longerrequired, to give place to a new on e. Notwithstanding all this, Mr.Hunt, of the MSS. Department of the British Museum, to whom the taskof mounting the papyri wn s intrnstcd (and towhom grnat prn.ise is due for the care :md discrimiuation with which he has executed it,under l\fr. Pe trie's directions), has filled sixtyframes, of an avernge surface of two square feet,with frngments of 156 papyri. Some of these:we mere scraps, nnd will probably afford noinformation, but many are of rcnl value, notonly giving a connected sense, but containingmatter of high in terest, as the two specimenscopied by l\fr. Petrie and myself will show.

The papyrus fragments have been mountedin frames formed by two sheets of glass, heldapart by a thin piece of cardboard rou nd theedges to allow for wrinkles in the papyri ; both

sides of which can thus be seen. The fragmentsarc kept in place under the glass with shell-lac.The task of moun ting the papyri wns a simple,although a delicate one. The rolls had beencrushed flat, and so con sisted of a series of flakes,each the same breadth as the cmshed rol l. Theflnkcs were removed with a paper-knife fromeach gidc of the roll alternately, the 01der thusobtn inccl being fairly correct. In som e cases itwas found more convenient to divide the roll inthe middle, and, beginning from the centre, totake flakes alternately from each half.

Some of the papyri were found to have beenrolled tightly round a piece of reed, otherswe re without this central support. Some stillshowed the thread with which they had beentictl. The papyrus described in this reportseems to have been wrapped round with a piecetorn from another document, while the geographical papyrt)S ha.cl a religious text on a separatesheot rolled up with it.

Mr. Petr ie found some papyri associatedwi th glazed pottery figures of the style of thethirtieth dynasty. But most of those thathave been mounted are of Roman


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TUE SIGN PAPYRUS.one (Nos. 130 and 131), where the .entries ofnom es, fc::ists, marshlands, &c., are correctedby notes in minute hieratic a.t the foot,1 andespecially the co lumns of hieroglyph ics inpapyrus 118, in which the gods grant divinegifts to a king or emp eror, whose cartouche isunfortuna.tely e ~ blank, seem as if they weresketches and no tes to be expanded on sometemple-wall at Tanis.

evident that this lastwas the outside fold of theroll, and that the Egyptian owner had turnedin the end of the papyrus, probably owing to itsbeing torn, and to prevent damage to thewriting a.t the edge. 'fwo small fragmentsplaced by the side of this page must havebelonged to an outside wrapping, for which apiece of papyrus torn from some religious workin hiera ticwas made to do duty. The beginningof the roll can be recognized in the three frag.

The Sign Papyrus w a . . ~ found in the ho use of meuts which, when placed together, appearBakakhuiu. I t fills two large frames, and forms doubly forked below. 'fhis indicates anotherone of the mos t complete documents in the col- turning in of the edge. We may thereforelection. The crushed roll has been burnt at the consider that we have the commencement oflower end, the fire spreading up one side, so that the roll, since part of the external wrappingwhile the top is nearly complete, the twenty - !)VOil is preserved.five pairs of fragments taper to a point at the 'fhe writing is in many parts easily legible,bottom throughout. The papyrus was divided especially wh en light is thrown at right anglesinto thirty-three pages, which are not numbered, upon the Bakes. Horizontal and vc rt.ical linesbut the order of which can be found from a are, however, difficul t to distinguish from thecomparison of the arrangement of the fragments lines of the papyrus, and the play of light onas mounted with the order to be obtained from the shiny and ir regular surface adds to thetheir form and contents. Only one fragment difficulty. Six narrow strips at the end,still remains without a likely place. making together about five inches, are blank,

As arranged in the fra.mes, the pairs of frag and the last two pages ha.vc lost much of themcnts are in most cases kept together, but the writing, probably on account of the tightnessorder of the successive pairs is often the reverse or the roll round the st.ick in that part, causingof the correc t one, and at the beginning of the the Bakes to adhere together. There is nopapyrus, through no fault of the motmter, there writing on the back. The pages follow eachis considera.ble confusion. A. succession may - other from right to left; the papyrus was rolledbe noticed from the largo flakes two inches from left to right. The thirt.y-thrco pnges nreacross, which come from the outsido of the roll, divided into columns, the first of which cont.'linswhere the fire burnt t hem unequally, to the a. row of hieroglyphic signs, enclosed by verticalnarrow but little damaged strips from the lines. 'l'o the left of them aro hieratic tranccntre. There is an abrupt change of form in scriptions of the same signs. The remainderthe middle of the fou rth page of the final of tho page contains corresponding groups inarrangement, the pairs on tho tight being re- hieratic. The width of each page is two inches,versed copies of those ou the left of that point, that of tho hieroglyphic column alone half anwhile the first piece to the left is the most inch. The total length of the pnpyrus as itfragmcnt::iry of ::ill, through crushing. I t is

' Unfortunately, only th e low er edges of thcl-0 ppyri arcprCSC'rved, showing port ions of nom eat:uul:ards, :iud thorue corrections.

2 1 hn\'o lo thank Mr. Pctrio for holping nic over theJinicultics of li,.;hting, as also for much assistance in preparing tho work for puUlic:ition. In the copy I havemarked the burnt edges wi th n fringe, u lhc>o nrc of greatimporl:wcc in J clcnniuing tho posi1ion of fni,'lncutt.


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THE SIGN PAPYRUS.existed when rolled up for the Inst time wastherefore nearly six feet.

The number of signs contained in a pageseems to have varied. The largest number ofwhich traces are now left in a page is fourteen.From the sncccssion in some of the early pagesit seems probable that this was abont theoriginal average. The thirty-three pages maythen ha>e contained 462 signs, not a la rgenumber in compar ison with n complete list ofhieroglyphic Rigns. I t wi ll be seen thnt manyclasses of signs are represented, including alarge proportion of the most usual signs thatoccur in hieratic. Yet no birds, figures ofgods, or numerals, occur in the rcmainingfragment-s.As to the order of the signs, the first pageis beaded by the bee, a royal emblem. Thenfo llo"s a male chiltl. Figures of men, denotingdigni ties, are followed by other male humanfigu res extending into page 2. I t is possiblethat the first sign of page 1 is to be considereclas the em! of a list of divine or royal figureswhich occupied a page torn off in ancieuttimes. The unplaced fragment (A. 13) cannotbe assigned to this position.

The list was probably preceded by a title,since there is no endorsement to the papyrus,and its loss is to be regretted. I t was toprevent further damage to the written portionthat the end was turned in, and an extra shee twrnpped round outside.

On page 3 we sec figures of wom en, andReatecl figures, "-hich are continued to themiddle of page 4, where the mummy appearsin the hieratic. Page 5 brings us to reptilesand animals, pages G and 7 deal with alphabeticsigns. .At the end of page 7 the series of partsof the human body begin. This is carefullyarranged from the head, with eyes, cars, beard,&c., the neck, breast, ancl back (p. 8), hair andarms (p. !l), fingers, hea rt, &c. to legs (p. 10).On page 11 we see spn bols for flesh and bone,C'gg, &c . On page legs, horns, and heads of

animals, heads of birds, head of reptile. Onpage 13, bird's wing, crocodile's tooth(?),followed by the crescent of the moon, figures ofsky, stars, and disks, which arc continued onpage 14. The setting sun leads to the ear th .n,nd its symbols. From this point regularclassification ceases. 'l'he remainder of page14 is devoted to some round and oval objects.Vases appear on the next page, as also onpages 16, 20, 22, and 23; plants on 16, 27,and 31, and so forth. In most cases the signsarc connected with those that precede andfol low in some way by form, and often fall intogroups, but there is no principle observedthroughout. I have noticed no instance in

. which the hieratic form can be supposed tohn,vc influenced the arrangement, nor doesphonetic vn,luc have any share in it, either withregard to similarity cf sound or number ofsyllables. I am incl ined to think that thealphabetic signs are separated, not so much forphonetic reasons, as for the different part theyplayed from the rest of the signs of the hieroglyphic system. The order of the Egyptianalphabet, as given in the pnpyrus, has been nost.andnrd for the arrangement of the remainderof the signs.

The hieroglyphics in the papyrus are sometimes very delicately drawn. 'fhe reptile' shead (p. 12) in the original is a good instanceof Egyptian sk ill, but the scribe bas made aslip in the figure of the priest, where thewater pours over bis back instead of hisbands..As to the hieratic signs, they are carefullywritten in a peculiar, rather small band. In

the second column the scribe has written thehieratic equivalent of the bie1oglyphic signalone. In a few cases, however, be has substituted the group in which it usually appears.At page 26. 8. the simple sign is evidentlyomitted by error.

The object of the first two columns is clearenough. .A. parallel list of hieroglyphic and


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TH E SIGN PAPYRUS.hieratic signs would be as useful to a studentof Egyptian writing then as now.

Tl}e object of.the third column is fairly clearafter a little study. The hieratic notes contained in it consist sometimes simply of thecompleted group of the corresponding sign withits phonetic complement or determinative, as,for instance, 20. 4. i = i ; 14. 2. iQi = 0 ~ Jl ;sometimes of the phonetic transcription, withthe sign as a determinative, e.g. 16. 1. C"-::J =o C"-::J I f two values are indicated, they areseparated by a point on the Jovel of the bottomof the characters, as for instance 13. 9, wheren '" = 0 o h= - I ff i @ I . r, agam, a p rase ofseveral gl'Oups may occur, as 13. 11 ~ = ,.:_~ ~ Ji ; 8. 1. m:: = ~ r @ m:: ; 8. 2.-


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THE SIGN PAPYRUS.II. I f the name is contained in two or more

groups, it may be (1) a compound name of thoobject fo rmed by a noun and participle:-~ = ...,,... fl e " - = = ~ .wood-cut,'o I - -1J ""p. 17. 1.El:= - -"2> n n= e m= .weeping-eye,'/I I - 0 I ~ I =P 8. 1.


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TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.I .I . ~ l ~ o Bee. (Sign or royl ty in Lower Egypt.)2. i11 r ~ 0 -- "'


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III.I . gr2. ~3. j4. 15. ~ Jl (?)G ~7. ~ 28. k0. jt' female)

10. ~11. @13. @P- cremate)14. ~IV.I . ~2. \113. ~ " 34. ~

( ~G. (g)

THE SIGN PArrm;s.

a-QQ ~ 1 Fcm:ilc fig urt'.~ l o ~= Lower Egypt..

@ or ~ ~ Suckle.Q QQ ~ 1 ~ Priestr s.s.1 ') ~ @t?) Person, people cate


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IV.7.

I8.

v .I.

2.

3.

4.

!J.

u.

7.

s.

o.JO.I I ,

12.

13.

14.

GVI.I.

2.

0

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXI.~ o

@l (??)or ...... A

o ~ .H ~ e ~

~ ( ~ W . ) ( ? )::: ( W.) (?} or ":: ( - : - - WA) (1)l ( --- \\ w.) (1)

losL

I ~ )!} (1): :=> I l l

Tadpolo (?).

Body.

Urreus.

Suakc.

Worm.

Mouth of human bciug.

St rine twisted, tied.

I or tlio frag ments or tliis p:tgc, I A 2. was O\'idcntly on tho outo;iJc (1 r th e roll, while tl1c piece IA 3 to th e cntl vft l10 papy rufj was turned in. Tli i::t i 11 therefore tho mos t. likely pl :ico fo r :a. ; moreover there i.s 110 tlistioct

1 couu cctio11 Lctwccn tl1 0 m ~ IA I n.nJ 2. IA 3 anJ 4 arc pro lmLly portiou.s of the out\.lr wrnpping.' ' ' N.13. Alpliabc tic sig ns.

3 M. Na,illc'ft suggestion , wli ich it1 ccr t:dnly correc t.' M. N:\\'illc rca


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10 THE SrGX PAPYRUS.VI .3. u 00 ~ LJ I Jl The :\rms " k:t."(@.) @ @ . f 1 f 1 ~ @ . ... . . . . mea su ring line.. @ ~:,_ (f1) f1 ~ = Measuring line..r.. (r) r r * ~

(-) Ll ~i . = 0 I Bolt.R. lostfl . @

, ~ am1 >\ - , a rc in clu1c1l in the :u1imnl series prccct.ling. The scril.ie SC('mg to l1:L\'C aimctl : lt m:lking each list nslie came to it com11lctc at the ex pense or the other$. In tl1c alph:tbctic list no striugcnt ortlcr, ph onetic oriis o!Jsc rved, nor doc11 the nrLitr:try onlcr l1cro :hloptc1l infl uence in any way the nrr:rngcrncnt or the other signs.

On p:lgc 7 fourteen rcm:tin. I f we take this as the originn.I numLcr on page G :mtl as.c; umc that thealphalJctie li is.t , c ~ i at the top of p:t;;c G, we oht:lin fourteen on G, r1111 l ten on p:igc 7 = 24 alpl1al.ctic signs.There :\re h certain remaining in the l1ero.glyphic :\llI li r.st l1icrat ic column. Tliesc : n r : r n in the usu:tlpl1 --; ~ , =; - V, ~ ; ro , e (?); - , n, = , hl!I; = - : 0 t =, =, -..,,

two reptiles ~ n111I ~ li:we :ippcarcl on tltc p recc1li11;; page : tlie IJir1s :rnJ fi,c in numlJcr,~ , ~ ~ ~ , ~ m:ty pcr1 1aps Le relcgatcJ. to the Lottom of pages 4 an1l !j : l is cqui\'a]cnt to ~Oil the Jngt page : fhc Otltc r.i, @. fl - - :rnJ 0 Of 0 111 :1 J he f C'p l :lCC1) :\ 8 in t l1C transcription.

Thirteen signs rcmain , n:tm C'ly, QQ , j , ~ , f'D, ,.,.,.,..,...., v, :::E:l , hl!I, ~ , ~ I = = = > , ~ , a1u l Q or a .Of tl1csc tl1c fir:-;t may well l1:wc liccn 0111ittc1I, the thirJ seems lo occ ur on page 17 , the sixtl1 may not h:wc beenco11si1 lercc.l :l lpl 1aU ctic. The l:uit a i:s c1ouhtfu1 anti unlikely in tli i:J The total wonll tlms be twcl\'C certain+ fi ,c prohahlc + nine= twenty-six, or two more than the estimate. These two 111ay li:t\ 'C fo 11111J a. place :\ t the hottomor p:tg\ 's a nd G, making fift een signs to !l p:i.;.::c.

\\.i th tho fr:l ;.:mcnts of page R is incl u1cil one. l A 13" , with re mains of fhc l1 icratie gronps.l1rokcn fro m tl1c rigl1 t lia111I fragmen t of : l. pa ir. The may pcrh:1ps Le lra 11sc ril,l'il rull ow> :-

I . (JI(?)) j I j '\) (? ?) Lcg(1)I t is evidently

n.2. 11 ~0 l \Vootlcn inl'itrnment usetl in winnowing(?)(=(?)) = -,. 0 1 -,,.,.. Lake, water.

4. (Ii!!t(?) ) ~= \ \ Lotus ...5. ( ~ ( ~ ) ~ ~ ~~ *Tli i


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T H A N R I P T I O ~ OF PAGES l to XXI. 11VII .

I . 1 1 1 nl.2. .,..._ :-: Stouaaclo.3. 1 los t.4. ~

5. - - 1J

G. '[J

7. 08. a or9.

10. 1

11. @12. ~

13. ..c:2>-

14. .@. . .

t.ho out-sitlo of the 1'011 (c/ . &ttpro.). A right lmml fragmen t. would hero conta in the uamo column. On tho whole, it.seems probablo Ll1at. tho fr:1 g111c11t i i. the las t rcmaiu


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Vlll.I .

2.

3.

G.

!I ,

10.

II.

12.

13.

14 .

IX .I .

2.

3.

..

5.

G.

7.

-

~

(Q)~

TH E SIGN PAPYRUS.

~ ~ r ~ e m =~ ~ r ~ l \ .

m ~ (?)

~j l e ~ (1)

...... ~ " " ' '...... o ~ .... ..

...... j I .... .1 J P ~

( ~ ) l ~ ' f

lost.................. ~

lost.

Eye weeping.

Eyo inertc.1.

The eyebrow.

The rors.

The lirs.The tongue.

Tooth , the teeth (?)

{?)

(?)

(? )

Bc>rJ.

Th ro.t.

Lock or h"ir.Hoir (?)


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IX.8.

9.

I I.

12. -A- (?)13.

x.I.

2.3. ~4. Q5. c:::,. .6. 07.

'. 'S9. F=j j )

10. 15>

11. 'O

12. l13. 1-14. ./\

TRANSCRIPTION 0}' PAGES I TO XXI.lost .

] \ _n I Finger.qq 5 ~ ~ Finger 7m


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IIXI.

I .

!i.

Ii.

!I .

Il l.

XII.I.

:i .

I.

: .

! I ,

10 .

15 (?)

v(?)

TnE SIGX l 'Al' \'ll US.

1515 (?)r @ ~ ~oj ~ @@

A e ~ @ J tl ! h l ~ ~ @ J t

... r ..~ - 6 ' ~ ~ J j 2

o=D t"C:J

lost.

l This luoks as if 1iu 111iglit he :i rt>ot-wortl = liitlc or tail.

Flesh.

Bone.

Foi.

Egg.

Soles or rec i (sanJ>ls).

Do;:.

Pig (?)


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'fRANSCUIPTION O ~ PAGE :; I TO XX I. l ."iXII.II . lost . lost.

1'' l]'fa13.


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XIV.: . (n ?)Ii .

s.!I . (@)

I l l. (e ?)11.

XV.I .

XVI.I .

2.

4.

T llE SIGN PAPYRUS..a e , . .JJ ,,_ _ o ~ O I ~ = j o l

~ l (?)=D 11 1lost.

0(o ) ~ e ~ (?)

lost.

...... ~ =Ji (?)~ j ~ ~ ~ ('!)@ ..___ ~ r0

111 JIlosl.

. '


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XVI.5.

G.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11 .

12.

13.

xvn.I .

2.

3.

4.

5.

G.

s.

9.

JO.

JI .

12.

TRANSCRIPTION OF PAGES I TO XXJ. Ii

(= )

( ~ )

~ J l @ ~ =~ i s r ~ ' * ' m

~ I S ~ f r r \ t rf ~ G i : : : : ~ D 1

j Q ~ \ t r tj Q ~ \ t r ~

lost.

lost.

=l ~

~ ~ o~ @ (1)

--DI

~ 8 @ ,.__JJ ~ (?)_ _ n ~ o l o1 J..or the Jctcrm iuathc, cf. Q fr 'papyrus.'

H i


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JS THE SIGN PAPYRUS.XVIII.

I. ~ ~ Hill country.2. 1 1: U" 't (Thobeo).3. 1 1r r t . . . 11serti, DACAI' \'Ulf>C:J ( B r n d4. " '= . . ""=- e ~ Hoe (?); the name 1/U'


21/42

xx.l .

:!.

3.

4.

r,,

G.

7,

s.0.

10.

11.

12.

13.

XXI.I.

2.

3.

4:

f, ,

(j ,

(- )

=~

-+-.-~ (?)

T R A . . ~ S C R I P T I O N OF PAGES 1 TO xxr.

l ~ ~ fl -D yr, r ,. . ~ (?)mi I

1 1 ~~ ~ ~ ~ - 0

.. .. .. ~ ...... \ , \ , ~~ o -V \\ ~

0 I'!'

~ ~ ~T J ~ e - m p ; ; ; i j

+-.-0 I


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II. THE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS.I lY w. M. F. PETRIE.

B.(Papc11>rr..c11 tcd to t!te Committee, July 28, 1885.)

On my return from Egypt this summer, Mr.Poole showed me some of the papyri whichI bad brought last year from San, and which,despite their completely charred state, had beensatisfactorily unrolled by Mr. Hunt, of theMSS. Department. .Among these were twowhich Mr. Poole saw to be of particular inteiest.One was a hieroglyphic-hieratic sign-book, ofwhich some three hundred hieroglyphic signs,with their transcriptions and pronunciationswritten in hieratic, still remain. .As Mr. Griffithis now engaged on this, I will leave this on oneside. The other papyrus contained parts of acalendar of feasts, and two mentions of thename of Khufu. I at once said that it ought tobe published, so that students could work on itwithout the vast risk of its travelling. .As noother copyist was available for such an illegiblemanuscript, the whole of it being burnt entirelyblack, I set aside other matters, and have produced a copy of all the fragments, ready forthe lithographer. I t is hoped that proofs mayshortly be in the hands of students ; but mt;nnwhile 1 may give a fe1v notes on tho pointsI have observed, tho copying, however, havingtaken so much time that I cannot attempt tow.ork on the reading.

The original papylus was about twenty-fivefeet long, and probably about six inches high ;i"t was rolled up as usual, and both ends and

one side of the roll were burnt to white ash,leaving the other side carbonized ; hence weonly have about ! to f of the whole length, ina series of separate strips, 8 to 22 inches wide,and each a.bout four inches long, in place of thewhole height of the roll. From these I gatherthat the papyrus was a sort of religious Gazetteerand Calendar, divided into thirteen parts.

Part 1. .A listof great festivals, &c., beginningwith the new year.Part 2 .A list of the nome capitals in succes

sive columns, naming the sacred bark, sacredtree, cemetery, feast-day, forbidden objects,agathoclaimon, Janel, and a k ~ of each city.The town-names are altogether burnt a.way.The first four remaining arc not identical withany of the Edfu list, though they should, bytheir position, be Tentyra; Diospolis parva,Abydos, and Panopolis; but the rest are thosame as at Edfu (excepting some curious variat ions}, and we still have here Hermopolis,Hibiu, Cynopo lis, . . . .Memphis, Letopolis,Apis, ... Busiris, Athribis, Cynopolis, andSebeunytus. Towards the end, however, itappears as if two nomes had been omitted, asthere is not space for all the number . The las tcolumn g ives tho title of each of tho lines,"name of tree," "name of cemetery," &c.

Part 3. Lists comprising t.he sac1ed animals,and apparently arranged accordiu,g to them.We see the piebnlJ bull, Hapi, the black bull,Ka-ur , t he wh ite bull, Bc-kltat; tho ram,monky, panther, pig, jackal, and tho birds


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THE Geographical P apyrus has not been laidaside during the three and a half years that haveelapsed since Mr. Petrie copied it. On the contrary, with his leave I have at various times spenthours, and even days, in verifying the words thatoccur in it , by means of the Geographical Dictionary, the temple lists, th e copy, and theextremely obscure original. At length, in accordance with the wish expressed in Mr. Petrie's report,proofs were sent to Professor H. Brugsch, whoreturned them covered with annotations, andaccompanied by the following letter :-Monsieur,

Quoiquc jc n'aic CU quc quelqucs hcurcS Uma disposition pour examiner lcs fouillcs imprim6cs que vous avczcu la bontk de rccommandcr t. mes cxamens, jc peuxvous assurer de ma plu.s ha1tle aurprisc aprcs a\oir jct6le premier coup cl'reil sur lcs tcxtes. Les travaux qucj'ai fait.s pendant prcsquc 40 annl>cs pour rcconstruirclcs notions geograpbiqucs et calendriqucs des ancicnsEgypticns, ont cu leur precedent! Un Egypticn vivantt. 1'6poquc Romaine, pcut-ctrc vcrs 1'6poquc de la composition du tnblcau calcndriquo sculptc sur lcs muraillcsdu temple d'Esneb, se fu t nmus6 a rcunir toutcs ccsnotions et sur le modole d' un tableau synoptiquc pourfacilitcr !cur connaissaucc il. scs lcctcurs. Mais qucldommagc quc le papyrus rcufcrmaut son travail a dusoufirir par lcs deplorablcs lacunes qu'i l offrc ! Hcurcuscment ii en est rcste assez pour scrvir i'L nous guidersur lcs id6cs de l'ancicn compositcur et t!crivain desdivers t ableaux. D'ap res mes observations, qui nc fontquc corroborcr vos proprcs vucs, la composition cmbrassclc:s sujets suivants quc j 'ai traitcs dans mon Thesaurus(lnscriplt. Astrou.) et dans le Dictionnnirc G6ograpbique,sans nvoir pu presscutir que j 'ui cu moo d6vaucier. Envoici le rosumu :

l " Ta6kau. L istc synoptiquc des 12 mois de l'anneemodernc des Egyplicns, avec lcs noms des letcs desmois et avec les (noms des ?) hcurcs du jour en ordreconsooutif et distribuccs, par des motifs que j'ignore,sur lcs J2 mois en question.

2 ' Tablea11. Les noms des i2 heurcs de la nuit.a1 Tableau . Les :JO jours rlc la lune avcc Jes noms corrcspoudants des diviuites lunnires de chnque jour.41 Ta6lea1 . Sujct astronomique en rapport avcc la luneou le solcil. Les cbiJJ'rcs ajoutes au mot pour lamcsurc g (schoiuos) indiquent , acc qu'il parait,des calculs astrouomiques.5' Tableau. Tableaux des nomcs de la hautc et de laliassc f:gypte, avcc lcs indications et d6signations desal'bres sacres , des Scrapecs, des fcitcs, des cboses defcuducs, des serpents Agalbod6mous, dcs tcrriloircs etdes terrains inoudos.G Tablea1


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TUE GEOGRAPHICAL PAPYRUS.emenclations in the calendrical lists wbicb tbeillustrious Egyptologist hacl suggested to me. Unhappily a serious illness intervened, but on bisrecovery Professor Brugsch was good enongb tosencl me the following valuable and interestingobservations.

Pins j'ai ctudio les tristes fragments du prec1euxpapyrus de Tanis, pins j'ni trouvo l'occ:ision tic me convaincrc que 'valcur principale coosistc dans lcs notionscalendriqucs qu'il rcnfcrmc. II coufirm c cc que j'aiprOtcnmois de !'an sous la fo1mc connue a l 'epoque grecorom:tinc (voir le " Thes:mrus,'' p. 472 suiv.). Mis enrapport a\'CC lcs 12 hcurcs du jour, le premier mois(Thotb) y portc le nom de o ~ ] sccon


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THE GEOGRAPIIICAL PAPYRUS. Z5est public su 1 lcs dcrni&rcs planches de la publication.Ce tcxtc dcbutc par un c formulc bicn connuc par d'antresspecimens d'un iigc de bcaucoup antcricur ii. la redactiondu papyrus. Le compositcur s'adrcssc ii. lous ccux quivivcnt et qui vivront sur la tc1rc, notammcnt aux classessavantcs des prCLres, pou r leur rccommandcr le souvenirctcrncl de son nom et de scs reuvres. Parmi lcs dcrnicres, ace qu'il parait, la composit ion d11 papyrus enquestion occupa le prem ier rang. Ayant visit.U un tom-beau appurtenant I. un dignitaire de la cour et del'cpoque du roi Cho1ifo1'-Chl>ops, ii cut la chance d'ydccouvrir des textee et des objcts sac1cs de la plus hautcvaleur. II cite, par excmple, uue co11d c3c de Thot qu'il;wait trou\'cC sur le sol de la lombc. 13ref, ii nc tarda

pas a auvcr ccs myslCrcs incounues au monJc vivant, endrcssmtt en f'orm c de tableaux Jes mati!.rcs sacrccs del':rncicnnc sagcssc sur le papyrns. II !ermine so n travail par !'expression de so n dcsir qu'cn revanchc de sesac tion s, son nom le su1vivc. llfalbeurcuscmcnt ii n'cnest rcstc quc quclqucs signcs :I la fin du papyrns.

I Jrn.vc to-day revised portions of the Inst twoplates. Mr. Pctrie' s division of the papyrus iutoparts has been presen ccl, but I have ndclcd nrunning number for the fragments.

F. L. G., 30th J


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Two Hieroglyphic Papyri From Tanis - Heinrich Karl Brugsch

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