Two Main Types of Cells

Key Point #1:

All cells are either prokaryotic or

eukaryotic.

THIS IS SO IMPORTANT!

Prokaryotic cells

DNA is just floating around the cytoplasm

Front of Card

Prokaryote

Back of Card

No nucleus. DNA is floating in the cytoplasm.

Single-celled organisms.

Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes.

Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

Nucleus holds DNA and control’s the cell’s activities.

Think: the cell’s own mini-brain

A nucleus holds DNA, and controls the cell’s activities

Nucleus has its own membrane (“bouncer”)

Front of Card

Eukaryote

Back of Card

Have a nucleus. DNA is in the nucleus.

Single-celled OR multi-celled organisms.

Plants and animals are eukaryotes.

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Animal cell

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• Cell membrane but NO cell wall

• Small vacuoles

Round-ish

Always eukaryotes

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Plant cell

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• Cell membrane ANDcell wall

• HUUUUGE vacuole

• Chloroplast

Rectangular

Always eukaryotes

Okay, so what’s in a cell?

Just like a human body has organs

A cell is made up of tiny organs called

ORGANELLES!

Key Point #2: Organelles are smaller

parts that make up the cell.

Not all cells have all types of

organelles.

Each has a different job.

They all work together to help the cell

live.

Organelles

Today Tomorrow

Nucleus Ribosome

Cell Membrane Cytoskeleton

Cell Wall Vacuole

Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Chloroplast Golgi Body (Golgi Apparatus)

Lysosome

Nucleus

Front of Card

Nucleus

(Mrs. Meggs, the Principal)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Structure

• Round

Function

• Control center for all activities in the cell

• Holds the DNA

Found in

• Eukaryotic cells

• Both plant and animal cells

Cell Membrane

Front of Card

Cell Membrane

(Bouncer at a Club)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Structure

• Goes around the outside of a cell

Function

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Separates cell from its surroundings

Found in

• EVERY CELL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

• Pro and Eu!

Cell Wall

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Cell Wall

(Brick Wall)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Structure

On very outside of cell, outside the cell

membrane

Function

Holds the cell’s rectangular shape

Separates cell from its surroundings

Found in

• NOT ANIMAL CELLS!!!

• It is in prokaryotic and plant cells!

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria

(Power Plant)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Structure

Two membranes (the inner one has folds)

Function

Turns food into energy (sugar into energy the

cell can use)

Found in

• All eukaryotic cells

• Both plant and animal cells!

Chloroplast

Front of Card

Chloroplast

(Power Plant)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Structure

Green discs

Function

Turns sunlight into energy (photosynthesis)

Found in

• ONLY PLANT CELLS

Ribosome

Front of Card

Ribosome

(Ribs or Cafeteria Workers)

Name of

organelle

Analogy, to help

you remember

what it does

Back of Card

Function

Makes proteins (used to start/speed up

chemical reactions in the cell)

Found in

• ALL CELLS!!!!!!!!!!!! (pro and eu!!!)

Practice

Controls everything

that goes on in the

cell.

Decides what gets to

go into the cell, and

what has to leave.

Missing in

prokaryotes.

What type of cell

Plant cell or animal cell?

Found outside the cell

wall, less flexible

than cell membrane.

Makes proteins.

Photosynthesizes.

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

Turns sunlight into

sugar

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?

In Eukaryotes, DNA

found here.

Plant cell or animal cell?

Why plants are

green.

“Power plant” that

does not

photosynthesize.

Prokaryote or Eukaryote?