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• Two monosaccharides are joined by what type of bond?

• The structure represented below is?

• Enzymes are …………………… in nature?

• A 64-year-old male hospitalized with severe abdominal pain and hypotension begins to hyperventilate. Laboratory testing reveals metabolic acidosis, an increased anion gap and a high plasma lactate level. This patient’s findings are best explained by a low activity of:

• A. pyruvate kinase• B. lactate dehydrogenase• C. pyruvate dehydrogenase• D. pyruvate carboxylase• E. enolase

• A healthy 34-year-old male demonstrates normal blood glucose levels after 20-hours of fasting. Which of the following reactions contributes most to the observed finding?

• A. glycogen breakdown• B. fructose-6-phosphate→ F-1,6BP

• C. OAA → PEP

• D. Acetyl CoA → palmitate

• A 14-year-old male is being evaluated for splenomegaly. Enzyme assays performed on circulating blood cells demonstrates low pyruvate kinase activity. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient’s splenomegaly?

• A. passive congestion• B. neoplastic lesion• C. inflammatory process• D. work hypertrophy• E. intracellular substance accumulation

• Cardiolipin is a• A. simple lipids• B. glycolipid• C. phospholipid• D. ceramide

• Fats consists of• A. alcohol linked by ester bonds to 3 fatty

acids• B. glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to 3

fatty acids• C. glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to a

fatty acid• D. glycerol molecule linked by ester bonds to 4

fatty acids

• Which of the following is a derived lipid?• A. fats• B. oils• C. steroids• D. waxes

• Proteins are amino acids linked together by what bond?

• α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex requires……………………………………..

• Which of the following statement is wrong regarding lipids

• A. lipids are insoluble in water• B. lipids are insoluble in ethanol• C. lipids are soluble in benzene• D. lipids are insoluble in chloroform

• Which of the following is not a derivative of cholesterol

• A. steroid hormones• B. vitamin E• C. bile salts• D. vitamin D

• Secondary structure of protein is primarily maintained by

• A. ionic bond• B. hydrophobic bonds• C. hydrogen bonds• D. disulfide bond• E. none of the above

• Oxidation results in• A. gain of a H• B. loss of an electron• C. gain of an electron• D. none of the above

• Bond formation reactions using ATP are catalyzed by:

• A. synthetases and ligases• B. synthases• C. kinases• D. ATPases

• Which of the following atatements is not true of glycolysis?

• A. glucose is transformed into pyruvate• B. it can take place by anaerobic metabolism• C. it requires O2 and the final product is CO2• D. it is utilized by both aerobic and anaerobic

organisms• E. it takes place maily in cytoplasm

• Which of the following statements are true regardibng primary structure of proteins

• A. primary structure denote the number of amino acids in a protein

• B. primary structure denote the sequence of amino acids in a protein

• C. primary structure determines the biological activity of a protein

• D. all of these

• Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of??????????//

• THE AMYLOID PROTEIN DEPOSITion associated with Alzheimer’s disease is composed of

• A. alpha helix• B. beta pleated sheets• C. beta bends• D. tertiary structure

• Once fats are digested, they are transported by lipoprpteins in the blood to the peripheral tissues. What is the role of lipoproteins?

• A. they act as detergents• B. they degrade triacylglycerols into fatty acids

and glycerol• C. they KEEP TRIACYLGLYCEROLS IN A

SOLUBLE FORM• D. they keep triacyclglycerol insoluble

• β-oxidation of fatty acids occurs on activated fatty acids (fatty acyl CoA0. After each set of reactions, the fatty acid chain is reduced by two carbons. These leave in the form of acetyl CoA. Why is this important?

• A. acetyl coa recycles back into beta oxidation• B. acetyl coa is further metabolized into acetate• C. acetyl coa used as a cholesterol precursor• D. acety coa goes on to further oxidation in the

citric acid cycle