Nf'S FOfm 100eve (R4rv. 1l-86)

Un National Park Service

OMB No. 1024-0018

This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. S&e instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not appHcable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space USB continuation sheets (Form 1 O-900a). Type all entries.

arm other names/site number

2. Location street & number W side NC 125 at overpass over 1-95 o not for publication

txJ vicinity city, town Days Crossroads state NC code N C county Hal i fax code 08 3 zip code 2 7 8 7 0

Ownership of Property

U3 private

D public-local

D public-State

D public-Federal

Category of Property

D building(s)

[Xl district

Dsite

D structure

Dobject

Name of related multiple property listing: NONE

4. State/Federal Agency Certification

Number of Resources within Property

Contributing Noncontributing

3 IJ. buildings

4

___ sites

6 structures

___ objects

10 Total

Number of contributing resources previously

listed in the National Register __ -=-__

As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this

[XJ nomination D request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the

National Register of Historic Places a d meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.

In m ,the toPe D does not meet the National Register criteria. D See continuation sheet.

tf-Iq -cro Date

State or Federal agency and bureau

In my opinion, the property =:J meets D does not meet the National Register criteria. D See continuation sheet.

Signature of commenting or other oHicial

State or Federal agency and bureau

5. National Park Service Certification I, hereby, certify that this property is:

D entered in the National Register.

D See continuation sheet.

o determined eligible for the National

Register. D See continuation sheet.

U determined not eligible for the

National Register.

: removed from the National Register. , • other, (explain:) ________ _

Date

Signature of the Keeper Date of Action

Domestic: sinf;le dwel J j Dg Domest; c· sj nglQ duelling D 0 m e s tic· sec 0 D dar ~v ~ t r U r t= w r e nom e s :t i'" . A

_ rcrctUL : e. seconuary structure A g r ,j cll S 1J b ~ ,i s ten c e. a g F i cuI t tl 1: Cil a aLb Q i 1 din g A g r J C / S 11 b s j s ten C e' a g riG. 0 u t b u i 1 d i I

A g r l c Sub s l s ten c e: pro c e s sin g -,-A"-ig~r ..... j"""c-'il-/ ,-,S-\.o1Jl.4b,.L..;s;;;.....J..j ~s-l,:t.-fie;;...,n~c-'<:Q'!-·..---P'p-±r-l:o~cc-eetCrl:C:T-:l:1::-' H-R~g'----Agric/Subsistence: agricult1lral fjeld dgrjc/SllbsistencQ' 8gric'YltHFal fie:

7. Description Architectural Classification (enter categories from instructions)

Other: I-house Other; yernacll] ar farm ol!tbllj 1 dj ngs

Describe present and historic physical appearance,

Materials (enter categories from instructions)

foundation ---!.bJ....lr~J..I.-' .fc".c-A'.k~-----------­walls ------1>\',/-4.1 9!ha~t+JhH:o:!-JF~b*,ol-C:a1-:rE'-t±-d -------_

roof _______ ~~~~~ __ --________ --------other ______ -=~~~ ____________________ __

[KJ See continuation sheet

Garner Farm, Halifax County

number __ 7_ 1

Description

The view westward from the 1-95 highway overpass near Day's Crossroads discloses a contrast: the attractiveness and integrity of the Garner Farm complex, and the intrusion of Interstate 95, which cuts through the property. The i~terstate separates a 40 acre tract containing a delapidated tenant house, a field, and woodland, from the core of the farm to the west, containing ap­proximately 110 acres. (This 40-acre east tract is not included in this nomination.) The £arm is in nprth Halifax County, about two miles south of Weldon, an important railroad town in earlier times.

The area being nominated contains 14 resources. Although 10 of these are noncontributing, the farm still retains its pre-1940 in­tegrity because these post-1940 resources are set inconspicuously behin~ the house. All four of the noncontributiGg buildings are 19408 and 1950s outbuildings of traditional design. The six post-1940 structures are small-scale sheds and storage structures lo­cated, for the Jl10st part, at the end of the farm lane near the woods, and do not detract frcln the dominant features of farmhouse and far 1 n 1 and . I 11 the In i d - t wen tie t h c ~ n t u r Y I t "\.J 0 sma 11 h 0 use .1 0 t s were cut out of the farm along S.R. 1627, the north boundary, for the current owner's sons' residences.

The seat of the farm is a well-maintained frame I-house facing NC 125 about 250 feet off the road down a dirt lane. Immediately be­hind the house in a cluster are the domestic outbuildings: a frame s m 0 k e h 0 use and 2. f ram e was h h 0 use / coo k h 0 use. l' his do m est icc III S t e r is sheltered by a group of shade trees. Just west is a cluster of farm outbuildings, located on either side of a dirt lane branching off the entrance lane. On the side of the lane toward the road is the orisinal detached kitchen, moved here in 1942, and a 1920 frame pack barn. On the opposite side ere a frame mule barn, frame cow barn, and a frame tractor she~. At the end of the entr3nce lane, located near the woods, is a cluster of farm struc­tures: 1948 hog feed shed, 2 frame farrow houses, a metal feed bin and a peanut dryer. The entire 110 acres being nominated maintains the same patt(?rn of flat sandy fields and woodland tha~ was estab­lished by original owner L.T. Garner in the first decade of the twentieth century and has been maintained by subsequent genera­tions. TOne farlil's integrity is disrupted on1::/ by the f)assing of 1-95 about 500 feet east of the house.

Associated Resources

Contributi~g Buildings:

Garner Farm, Halifax County

number _l __

C 1. Farmhouse. 1901-1902

The north-facing "triple-A" I-house, three bays wide, with original one-story rear ell, was built between 1900 and 1902. It has a gabled roof with interior end chimneys, pedimented gable ends, a molded box cornice, brick foundation piers with iofill brick foundation, 2/2 sash at the second level, 6/6 sash at the first level, and wide plain surrounds. Over the center facade bay is a decorative gable containing a small square four-pane light. The 2/2 sash are said to be 1940s replacements. P. small Craftsman window, like those in the kitchen, was added beside the chimney on the cas t fir s t. s tor y wall a t t his t i ~n e .

The house has two notablE:: construction feo.tures that give it a striking appearance from the highway: the absence of first story \',' i n d 0 \</ sin the n a r r 0 vi gab 1 e e n c S, ,3. n d p e d i HI e n tee; gab 1 e e. n c3 s . T b e typical Halifax County I-house has eave returns on the gable ends.

In the ear 1 y 1 9 4 D s the b 0 use was ref u r b ish e dan d jn 0 cl 2 r n i z e 0 by J!loving away the original kitchen, connectec] by a breezeway to the rea r e 11, and 2 d din gao n e - bay \'/ ide kit c hen 2 t the b a c k oft h e ell. The original front porch, of unknown 6esigo, was replaced with a Bungaloid style hip-roofed porch with brick pier and frame pylon supports. The original plain weatherboard is visible only on the ell, beneath the west shed porch that extends the length of the ell. The rest of the house is covered with German sidihg that was added in 1966, according to the Garner family. The original entrance door was replaced at this time. Despite this updating, the house still maintains integrity as a typical turn-of-the­century I-house.

The original interior plan remains: a diloinutive center hall flanked by chOinhers on each level of the main block, a!ld two cham­bers wi th a. central chimney in the ell. The house '.vas sui te SiillP­ly finished originally, with post-and-lintel mantels, four and six-panel doors, wide plain surroun~s, plastered chambers and ton g u 2 - 2. n d - 9 roo v e she a t h i n gin t 1, 9 C e n t e r hall. ~,h and s 0 m e original closed-string st~ir with turned newel and balusters and molded handrail rises in the hall. Modernization during the 19405 and 19508 resulted in the hall sheathing being sheetrocked, all '0 u. t the nor the 11 roo TTi man tel h e i n 9 r e J 11 0 V e cJ 0 r rep 1 ace d, a 11 but 0

few of the original doors being replace'.':], a narrow ]fiolding adced to the plain surrounds, and the addition of a bathroo~ in the northern bay of the ell porch. The remaining original mantel is a. pIa i n but well - c r aft e cpo s t - a n c3 - 1 i n tel ITt ant e 1 . V·J han the c eta 2 } 1 t~ d kit c hen '",,' a s rep 1 ace::: \\' i t han a t t a c h e 0 kit C 11 e n in]. 9 4 2, the r r:: a r ell rnonl, said to have been a ~e~rQom, was converted to the dining roo: 11 • I t 'wa spa n e 1. e cJ I,..' i t h k not t y - pin e i n t [I e J 9 50s . The 1 9 4 2

Garner Farm, Halifax County

__ ......... r ...... number __ 7 __ 3

kitchen is a small narrow room, one bay Wloe. The ell porch was recently glassed-in. The interior changes, though numerous, are modest and the I-house feeling has remained.

C ? Kitchen. ca. 1900-1902, moved 1942. This handsome building is hip-roofed, with a boxed cornice, plain weatherboard, 6/6 sash and four-panel doors. The interior nad two tongue-and-groove sheathed rooms flanking a chimney, but the chim­ney and partition between rooms has been removed. It is in sound condition and is used for storage. Although built along with the house, its design is more reflective of mid-19th century detached kitchens in the area.

c ...J t Packhouse. ca. 1920 Small, square, gabled frame barn use~ originally for storage of cured tobacco. There were two tobacco curing barns nearby that have been demolished.

Contributing Site

C 4. Farm landscape Present field patterns have remained constant since the beginnings of the farm. The fields, which compose approximately 50~ of the total acreage, stretch from NC 125 south to the woods along a branch. The wooded low-lying land along the ~:c?nch composes ap­proximately 40% of the acreage. All of the cle3red acreage is now cultivated, although some of the low land near the woods was hog pasture from the 1930s to the 1960s. With the exception of some minor improvements, such as squaring up the fields along the edge of the woods and putting in open-ditch drainage, the fiel~s are unchanged. The original crops grO\\1n on the farm were peanuts, cotton and corn. These are still the major crops, The soil is considerec to be highly productive.

Noncontributing Buildings:

NC 5. Smokehouse. Rebuilt in 1950s. This gable-front weatherboarded building, with a single batten ~oor, rests on a cinderblock foundation. It was rehuilt on the site of the original smokehouse, ~hich had deteriorated, It il­lustrates the tenacity of traditional outbuilding tYDes in~o the mid-twentieth century,

NC S. :;,7a.shhouse/Cookhouse, 194 Cs T his s Ina 11, gab 1 e fro n t we a the r b 0 s r d e d b u i 1 din g, wit h 6 / 6 s ash windows and batt~n doors, was built to house the washing ~2chine

Garner Farm, Halifax County

~ejctlc'n number _7 __ 4

(the clothesline is nearby), In a small shed room on the east side is an iron wash pot/cooking pot built into a brick oven. Al­though this would have fllnctioned primarily as a w~sh pot prior to the introduction of electric :,va.shiog fnachines, this one has been used mostly for cooking hog meat and for rendering lard.

N C 7. [1 u 1 e Bar n. 19 4 5 A gable-front two-story ~enter section with flanking sheds, cov­ere d wit h we a the r b a a r d·. Hay \>1 ass tor e ::3 i nth e c e n t e r, iii U I e s stabled on the sides. The first tractor on this farm was pur-e has e din 1 9 4 1, but TI) u 1 esc ant i n u edt abe use (] un til abo u t 19 5 0 . Iv] u 1 e s for t his far j]1 T..V ere b 0 ugh tIn n ear by vI e 1 don, but 8 [1i:9 0 ria , Virginia was favored for its particularly goo~ ~ules.

NC 8. Cow Barn. ca, 1950 Same barn type a.s the mule ba.r;j.

Noncontri~uting structures

NC 9. Tr-3.ctor S.hed. 1960 r"l u 1 tip 1 e - bay f r arne s 11 e 1 t e r .

NC 10. Shed for hog feed, 1940s 3I,tall frame structure for storage of feed for the large hog opera-t ion ant h e far m fro ffI 1 9 3 5 tal 9 6 7 . ~ h e hog S ..,,1 ere fen c e din the low pasture and woods along the branch at the bac~ of the farm.

NC 11. Farro~ House. 1948. Frame shelter with concrete [loor for sows and pislets. Owner S~jS that this was an innovative design for this area because of heated crawl spaces Ilrovided for piglets to kpe; them f[8~ beinq crushed by sows.

Frame shelter with concrete Eleor for sows and piglets.

NC 13. Peanut Dryer. 1964. Long n2rrow wood an~ J~etal shelter for harvesti~s wagons, with fan s y s t e m t 0 k e e p pea nut san d soy h :: ~ Ii S cJ r y d uri r:. (~ the 6 r yin 9 per i ad.

~c 14. Metal Feed Bin. 1970

o nationally

Applicable National Register Criteria GJ A 0 B 5J C Do

Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) 0 A DB 0 C DoD E D F D G

Areas of Significance (enter categories from instructions)

f\griculture Architecture

Significant Person

N/A

Period of Significance

1902-1940

Cultural AHiliation N/A

Architect/Builder

Significant Dates

1902

Tohn~on, Tim (local carpenter)

Stat& significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria considerations, and areas and periods of significance noted above.

[3l See continuation sheet

Garner Fann, Halifax County

Section 8:

Statement of Significance

The 110 acre Garner Farm in northeast Halifax is a well-preserved early twentieth centllry cotton and peanut farm complex representa­tive of agriculture in the county during its 1902-1940 period of significance. Although built for L.T. Garner, the farm was rented and operated after 1911 by his brother A. W. Garner and his fam­ily, and therefore illustrates tenancy within the same family dur­ing this period. The 1902 I-house with its detached kitchen, the work of local black builder Jim Johnson, represents the prototy?i­cal middle-class turn-of-the-century farmstead, which is quickly disappearing from the landscape. The farm h~s local significance both in Halifax County agriculture and architecture, and has sup­ported three generations of the Garner family.

Agricultural Context

IT he f 0 11 0 win g b r i e f dis c u s s ion 0 fag ric u 1 t u rei n ~-:I ali fax Co u n t y during the period of significance of the Garner farm, [1902-1940J, is drawn from Henry V. Taves' report on his historic architecture survey, "The Rural ~rchitectural Heritage of Halifax County, ~orth Carolina,n March 1989, and from the agriculture statistics in the United States Censuses from 1910-1940.

Halifax County, located in northeastern North Carolina close to the Virginia border, has level, productive lands that hav2 ~2en fertile farmland since settlement began in the colonial period. On the eve of the Civil War it ·,.;as one of the six largest slave­holding counties in the state, and its plantations grew cotton, corn, and tobacco. In the late nineteenth century tobacco in­creased also, but it paled co~pared with other counties who more fully embraced tobacco culture, indicating that in Halifax, tobac­co supplemented rather than replaced the traditional staple crops of cotton and corn. Beginning in 1220, peanut CUltivation began to rise, and by 1910 Halifax County had the third highest acreage in peanuts in North Carolina, (Taves' report, p. 49). The average farm size in the county shrank fr8m 132 acres in 1880 to 63,9 acres in 1925, then rose up to 93 acres in 1940, probably the result of farms beinu consolidated during the Depression and in­creasing efficiencies of mechanization. With its 172 acres, t~2

L.T. Garner farnl was above-average in Halifax County.

The years from 1900 to the Depression were prosperous for Halifax County's farms. In 1920, one third of the county's Lnproved farrrl­land was ?lanted in cotton, yielding enough cotton to ra~k eighth in the s tat e . The Gar n e r f' a r;li h a (J abo u t 20 a c res inc 0 t ton at

Garner Farm, Halifax County

number __ 8_ 2

this time. Halifax farmers planted one fourth th(2ir acreage in corn, on ~verage, and the Garner Farm had approximately 35 acres in corn. Halifax's peanut production ranked fourth in the state, and the Garner Farm had about 20 acres in peanuts. (1920 U.S. Census, Agricultural Schedules; interview with Raymond Garner, Feb. 9, 19 9 0 .) To b ace 0 was a. 1 u c rat i ve sou r ceo fin com e i n e a s t -ern Halifax County in 1920, and A.W. Garner grew tobacco in the 19208 and early 1930s. Like many other North Carolina counties, Halifax County had a high percentage of tenant farmers during this period.

The Depression was hard on Halifax County, in part because of the high percentage of farin tenancy. (By 1920 66% of the county's farms were ten3nt-operated--the seventh highest percentage in the ,state.) Prices for cotton and other }?[oducts plummeted in the 1 9 3 O.s , 'r h e f 0 [ e c los u. reo f the Gar n e r Far TIi i n 1 9 3 6 b Y the F e (] era 1 G3nd ?ank is illustrative of this hard period--iE ten3nts cannot pay rent, then landlords cannot pay the mor~~y- B. Th~ BBrmer Farm i E3 rep res en tat i ve 0 f Hal i fax:-=: 0 u n t y not 0 n 1 yin t h 2 t·y pes 0 fer 0 p s being grown, ~~t j.n its being sharecropped during most of its pe­riod of significance" Not until 1937 was the farm solo to L.T. IS

brother's family, who had worked it since 1911.

In the 1940s farms began a period of resurgence in Halifax County. Farmers turned to soil conservation practices and to the security of cooperatives, such as the Carolina cotton Srowers Cooperative that the Garners have ~elonged to since the 1950s. They began to mechanize and abandon th~ir traditional reliance on hand la~or. Mechanization ~as slow to come to Halifax County farms, and even in 1940, several decades after the introduction of the tractor, mules were an important part of local farllls, The 1940 census records some 3,000 Halifax County farms using mules, and. only 181 farms using tractors.

Architectural context

The Garner [arw bouse anc kitchen are typical of a moderate-sized Halifax County turn-of-the-century farm, and are significant be­cause they belong to a dwindling group of such buildings in the county, T~e I-house was such an endurin~ house type in the county from around 1880 to about 1930 that Henry Taves states that it "practically defined what a gooo farm house should look like." (p. 53, Taves), The type reached its pinnacle of popularity in the county near the turn-of-the-century when L. T. Garner, about thir­ty years old, with a wife and three children, had his house built. The I-house represented a solid middle-class image. Most of the farmhouses in ttle Weldon vicinity that have survived fro~ this pe­riod are one-story in size, and this two-story house, though with

Garner Farm, Halifax County

number __ 8_ 3

rather dilninutive room sizes, reflects the above-average size of the farm itself. The incidence of the t~o notable construction cJ.eta,ils, the p'edimented gable ends ~,nc the lack of gable end windows, in Halifax County is not known, ~ut none of the other houses surveyed in the ~leldon vicinity possess these features.

Even though the kitchen has been lnoved a short distance away froill the house, it is significant because so few detached kitchens have survived in the county. Kitchens ~ere among the most important domestic outbuilding types in the county. The hip roof, two-room f6rm, with tongue-and-groove interior sheathing in the kitchen an~ dining room, represents a nineteenth century kitchen type. Al­~hough all of the outbuildings except for the kitchen and pack house 3[2 less than fifty years ole, their arrang-::inent follows e a [ 1 i e r t r ad i t ion 3 1 far Tn y a r d plans, \</ i t h:3 0 ! n est i C 0 iJ L. b u i 1 din gsa r -ranged in a linear fashio~ to the resr ~o define a yard and the far m 0 uti) U. i 1 din Sf sse t ? 9 rea t 2 r dis tan c e a way fro no! the h 0 U r:: 2 a;l .. ~ frI 0 reO i s per :.=; e (; .

J. n ]. ate 1. 9 0 0, Lon n i e 'I' h r,) In a s C ~ r n e r (1 8 6 8 - 1 9 3 0) pur c h a ::; e c1 fro) Ii T. L . Emry and others a parcel of lan~ descrijed as "lying on the Public road leading from Day's Cross Roads along jy tne lands af the late J. H. Garner, decd. and adjoining the land formerly b210nging to Mrs. Ida Allsbrook, C.B. Green, ~rs. Mary P. Moore, and Mrs. Emma J. Emry and containing 142 acres (Halifax County D.B. 134,291) . .s 6 in e t i j;] e p rio r to 19 22 L., T. a c qui red a n a cJ cit ion a 1 t hi r t y de res 0 n the east side of the existing far~l, ~ringins the total acreage to 172 acres. He acquired these acres froill the county after paying the taxes for many years. (This 30 acres is east oz r~terstate

9 5 ). Sin c e 1. 9 2 2 f the 0 n 1 y c han g e i n Ear jOn b 0 u n dar i e s has bee nth e sale of 13 acres for the right-of-way of Inters~ate 9S in 1954 (Halifax County D.B. 671, 357), ~nd two house lots dee~2~ to the Garner sons along SR 1627.

L. T. Garner had a house built for himself and his family in 1901-1902 ~y Jim Johnson, a local black c~rpenter. L. T. Garner's real inter2st was in the commercial end of agriculture, and in 1906 he m 0 v edt 0 the n ear est t 0 -;",' n, ~,; e 1 don, a t h r i v i n g r ail r 0 (3 cJ ;11 ark e t, and opened up a cotton gin and Inercantile business which he ran until his death in 1930. From 1905-1911 various sharecroppers lived on the farm. In 1911, L.T. Garner's brother, A.W. Garner; moved his fa,J:liJ.y to the fann and sharecropped until ::is -j'2ath in 1935. L. T. III 0 r t gag edt he far;n 'w i t h the 2' e:3 :2 [ alL an c3 2 an k 0 f Col u m b i a, Sou t :) Car 0 1 ina i n 1 9 2 ~ (:-J ali E d, X Co U it t yD. E. 3 3 6 I 2 4 7 ). A . \' i. I S f 3. iTI i 1 f con tin u e c1 t 'J r e n t E r 0] 11 L. T . 's wid a w u n til 1 9 3 (;, \.;1 hen t:1 e :;> <2 d era 1 L ,3 it .j '2 a n k for eel 0 sed the far m. Ray in 0 n ~ Gar n e [ (s 0 n a f P .• V~.) 00 ugh t

10·~ No. 101+00 '"

Garner Fann, Halifax County

....:.a.""'II'II"\" number __ 8_ 4

the farm from the Federal Land Bank in 1937 and still OVlns it (Halifax Co. D.B. 466, 313). His two sons, R3y~ond and Carltqn, operate the farm now, and two grandsons have received college ag­ricultural degrees and plan to continue the farm.

The .real story of this farm revolves around the continuity of crops and the evolution of agricultural methods for raising and har 'vest ing these crops. The f la t, sandy so i 1 ha.s been ve ry suitable for two money crops--cotton and peanuts. The major money crop during -the first .. two decades was cotton, with a:")out 20 acres in cotton. At the apex of its production in the 1940s and 1950s, the farm had 25 to 30 acres in cotton. In th~ late 19508 when cotton allotnents were imposed by the fejeral government, the acreage in ·cotton went ~own, an~ is presently 14 acres. For the past forty years the Garners have belonged to the Carolina cotton Growers Cooper6tiv0 in Weldon and market their cotton there. Al-t b () ugh cot tOIl Ii a s bee nan imp i:) r ~ a ~1 t C r 0 ~} sin c e the be 9 inn i n 9 , CUltivation iTtethods ha1le ChaDS2=' grer=.t.ly since the 19508. In the old a.31s, iD t.ile lat.e fall, 12 to 15 cotton pi;::;~2r.s were ~rought j n t r 0 iTt vi e J. do Ii to L) i c 1<: c ,~ t i,: 0:1 . It',.,' a s tie rj u pin bur 1 a p "s 11 e .::; t s n

and car r i e :: ::rJ ~) e <] inn e I:; 2. n d b ail e din \"/ e .1 don . T h ? nit wa r3 S () 1 C at market.. Sinc2 ths 196(:;:; the farm has had a ITtecha.nica.l cotton barvester.

The second biggest cash cro9 in the early decades was peanuts, and the early farm had about 20 acres in this crop. Until 1964 the peanuts were hb[vested by the "shaking and stacking method M using day 1 abo r fro m 'V/ e 1 don . The v i n e s we r e u n d e r cut it) i t hap low., the n the "shakers" came through and pulled u? each plant and shook the dirt from ·it. Then each plant was stacked, nuts to the inside, around slender, five-Eoot ~igh wooden poles spaced five steps apart in the field. Vines were stacked in circular piles u~ to the top of the poles and left here until they were co~pletely dried. The final step was to separate the nuts from the vines with a mechanical p~anut threshing machine. ?eanut hUY2rs came to tl1e farm and bought the entire cr0p, out now they are hauled to market 21t nearby Day's Crossro2.cs. In 196~, tile gas-powered peanut drying shed was installed, and the entire harv~2ting operation thus became mechanized.

Tobacco was big in eastern Ha1i~ax County in the 1910s and 1920s, and '11.. \;/. Gar n e r ~) 1 ant e d a to b a c co fie 1 (] we s t 0 f the h 0 II S e i n 1919. About 1920, beside the :=ield, he built several toha.cco bar n s,n 0 w c3 ·2 :Ti 'J 1 ish e (J, ;:; 11 d the pac k h 0 use t hat s till s tan d s . I n the mid -193 US',,; ~ '2 n R 3. Y rno n d Gar n e r too k 0 v e r : ~ 2 ~ -3. [ m I he SJ t 0 u t oft 0 b~. ceo be c a use he con sid ere ': itt 00 jJ'J c h \.: 0 r k for the res u 1 t . Tobacco 'was the most labor-inte:-Jsive ::)E th'? 1:::>cal money crops. o the [ c r 0 p s a r!C; f) rod u c t s [a i sec 0 nth e f a [.11 ':::l:j t nJ 'f; ph a s e ::J 011 t

m

Garner Farm, Halifax County

Section number __ 8_ 5 e ___ _

were peaches and hogs. The field along the road west of the house had a peach orchard in the 19208. At the end of the farm lane was a large hog operation from 1935-J.967, with hogs ranging in large fenced pastures and woods down by the branch.

D uri n 9 t b e 19 2 0 san d 19 3 0 s, the Gar n e r s, who the it) S e 1 v e s we res h a. r -croppers (paying a percentage of their profits to the landlord), had tenants of their own to help them run the farm. There were two ten an tho u. s e s on the G 2. r n e r Fa r m . T 11 e t e nan t s ... ·;2 r e ~ cas h n

tenants, paid in cash 'rlages. Each ten&nt. household also had some a ere age toe u 1 t i vat e ~ ~ e Tn s e 1 v (-= S • 0 net en ant h 0 use s till s t a ~ d S J. l l

the e a s t ern s i 0 2 ,') f t:-. -::: f a [in S e p 2 rat e d by I - 9 .5, and thE 0 the "( house ~as demalished i~ the 1940s.

The <::;.-3 r Jl e r s b 0 tJ 9 h t t h i2 :. r fir s t t r 0. C tor i n 1 '9 41 b 1j teo n tin u ~::. d t 0

use :TiuJes as ;,.7211 l!;'!t.i~ dbout 19::0. The lnu.Je barn or~ ~he Garner Far m vi a s b u i 1 t 2 b {) U t l:) 4 5. ir 11 ~ C () :;J ':J a r n \>,' a sal s () b u ]. 2. tin the 1 ~ 4 C.' S , The 1 9 .3 Ci s a I1 G 1. 9 4 0 s s a TN d i v e r s i f: i Cat i c: n i n t 0 :3 0 Y b eo. n s a. s THeIl as hogs. By the 1960s the Garner Farm no longer relied on (jay labor for harvests, bu~ had mechanical harvesting equipment.

Both historically and today, the Garner Farm is representative of th~ local agricultural economy. In Halifax County farms are still the largest sector of the' county economy and a dominant feature of the landscape, The Ga:cner Farm, with its heavy investment in me­chanical equip.ment, ce;:>endence on fertilizers 3nd p~sticides, dnd an almost total abandonment of hand labor, is now a modern family farm being operated harmoniously on a. historic farmsteao. The farlfl is . run by the tv.'o Garner brothers, wi th occasional he I? from thei r sons,

Previous documentation on file (NPS): o preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested

D previously listed in the National Register D previously determined eligible by the National Register D designated a National Historic Landmark D recorded by Historic American Buildings

SUNsy# ________________________________ ___

D recorded by Historic American Engineering Record #, _______________________ _

10. Geographical Data

Acreage of property 110 (approx )

UTM References A lu3J L21 6 3 I 00 LOJ U: 0 i ~ 1 ] 17 ! 8 0 I

Zone Easting Northing

C ~ I :4 6 2 I 0; 9<L 01 14 i 01 3 01 9! 9) 01

Verbal Boundary Description

[iJ See continuation sheet

Primary location of additional data: W State historic preseNation office o Other State agency D Federal agency D Local government D University DOther Specify repository:

B L13J !? I en. 1 612..&J Zone Easting

D lMJ L2£LLL.1l.SJLLJ

D See continuation sheet

14.01310171510/ Northing

I 4 1 01 3 1 1 61 6 I 0 I

Be i n g t hat p 0 r t i.o n 0 f ,H ali fax Co u n t y T a x Nap s 1 5 7 and 1 7 5, Par c e 1 # 70, located west of Interstate 95.

o See continuation sheet

Boundary Justification

This approximately 110 acres constitutes the heart of the farm, being all of the original, and current farm acreage with the exception of the approximately 40 acres cut off by Interstate 95 in ~he 1960s, and two small house lots on SR 1627 given to the two son sin the mid - 20 t h c e n t u r y . 0 See continuation sheet

11. Form Prepared By

name/title M R ! J t b I. itt J e organization 1,0 n g J e a f His tor j c

street & number 3501 T urn b rid g p

Reso!J,....cG~

Dr d ate ~'1 arc h 1 9 9 0 telephone (91 9) 787 /, 589

city or town ___ ~R~a~J~e~i~g~b-----------------------------state NC zip code ? 7609

Garner Farm, Halifax County

Section number __ 9_ 1

Bibliography

Garner Family Interview: Raymond, Ruby and Ray Garner. Interviewed by Ruth Little, February 9, 1990.

Survey File, L. T. Garner Farm, Halifax County Survey Files, North Carolina Historic Preservation Office.

Taves, Henry V. "The Rural Architectural Heritage of Halifax County, North Carolina." Manuscript survey report, 1989, North Carolina Historic Preservation Office.

United states Census Agricultural Statistics, 1910, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1935 and 1940, Halifax County, North Carolina. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.

rl Garner Farro, Halifax County

Photographs Seotlon number __ _ 1

Photo9r~~

Garner Farm W side NC 125 at 1-95 Overpass, Days Crossroads vic. Halifax Co., NC

All negatives are 01) file at the North Carolina Historic Preserva­tion Offic9.

1. View of farmhouse and washhouse, from north ~1. nut h Lit t:: 1 e,F e b r u a [y 1 9 9 0

L • J / 4 vie W 0 f f C\ r In h 0 II S e f f [ 0 m rea r (s 0 u t {)\of est) Henry Taves, M3rch 1987

S'0 t1 t: he~i S~.

,~ . S I.: air h s 1 J Henry TavEs, February 1987

~ ~ Ki t :-:hen I -E rom southeast Henry Tav~sr Pebruary 1987

6. View of s~ed, farrow house, drYEr and feed ~ln (lO,11,13,J.L O~ S ~< etc h 111 a p) £ l- 0 m sou' t h M. ~uth Little, ?ebr~ary 1990

7. . C 0 ~v b a ( n, m u 1 e b a. r n n n d she c:3 (7, 8 f ') () ;-) .s \ etc:j IIi 0. ?) fro [;1 28 S "[

il;. K u t h Lit t.- 1 e, Feb r II a. r y 1 9 9 0

/

WOODLAND

4 londscape

"'-~"\ >\

.J-.. ~ \ r-o

. MILE

-; "'~

• INT~R OR-GEOLOGICAL SUR l-~ 263: VEY. RESTON VIRGINI,A- 1977

Primary highway, hard surface

, 264000m,[

1/ ROAD CLASSIFICATION

Light-duty road, hard or improved surface

Secondary highway,

36°22'30" 7r37'30"

hard surface U nlm proved road =====

I nterstate Route _ U. S. Route State Route