Silent Disease

Raul Lopez

Northern Arizona University

Type 1 Diabetes

Insulin dependent and most severe, pancreas no longer

produces insulin.

Type 2 Diabetes

Diet regulated and pill form pharmaceuticals.

Gestational Diabetes

Pregnancy based diabetes primarily high risk at 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Disease and condition

Diabetes Mellitus

The body is not recognizing body produced insulin, the pancreas

increases production to compensate (type 2 diabetes).

The insulin produced by the pancreas is no longer recognized by

the body (Type 1 diabetes).

Due to the insulin production problems with the pancreas, the

kidneys have to work harder to produce hormones for the pancreas

insulin production. Ultimately affecting the kidneys.

Diabetes attacking the body

Urinating often

Feeling very thirsty

Feeling very hungry even though you are eating

Extreme fatigue

Blurry vision

Cuts and bruises are slow to heal

Numbness/tingling to hands or feet

Gestational diabetes does not have same signs and symptoms.

Signs and symptoms of diabetes

Liver problems

Kidney failure

Pancreatic issues

Neuropathy (loss of feeling to limbs)

Limb amputations

Vision problems

Problems associated with diabetes

Americans 25 or older who die approximately 17 percent

have diabetes (Engelgau et al, 2004).

Indicated by Center for Disease and Prevention fact sheet

2011, diabetes was a contributing factor in 71,382 deaths in

2007.

Projected prevalence from 14% in 2010 to 21% of US

population will have diabetes by 2050 (Boyle et al, 2010).

United states prevalence

<10 10-19 years old0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Type 2Type 1

Rate of New cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youth 2002-2005

Source: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

RATE per 100,000 per year

According to the 2007 death registry in Mexico type 2

diabetes is the second leading cause of death.

It is estimated that the diabetic population will increase a

conservatively 2.1% between 2010-1030 (Shaw et al 2010).

The principal cause of death in Mexican women is diabetes

(Rull et al 2005).

Diabetes in mexico

Gender

Ethnicity (According to Lopez and Grant 2012 Latinos are

predisposed).

Age (Elder population).

Lifestyle (obesity attributed to a sedentary lifestyle).

Family history (Genetics).

Affected in the us

United States Prevalence

Source: data360.org

Females (Schultz et al 2006).

Age ( 65 and over)

Lifestyles (Obesity and sedentary lifestyle)

Lower socioeconomic status.

Affected in mexico

Pills (i.e. Glipizide, metformin, gliburide etc.)

Diet and exercise

Insulin shots (i.e. Humolog, Lantus, Novolog etc.)

Insulin pump ( direct insulin insertion to body)

Prevention and treatment

Diabetic treatment in th US

Insulin only 12%Insulin and oral med-ication 14%Oral medication only 58%No medication 16%

Source: 2007-2009 National Health Interview Survey

American Diabetes Association (2010). Definition and

description of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 33(1), 62-69.

doi: 10.2337/dc10-S062

American Diabetes Association. (2014, February 28). Symptoms.

http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/symptoms/?

loc=db-slabnav

References

Boyle, J. P., Thompson, T. J., Gregg, E. W., Barker, L. E., &

Williamson, D. F. (2010). Projection of the year

2050 burden of diabetes in the us population:

Dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and diabetes

prevalence . Population Health Metrics, 8(29), 1-12.

References cont.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National

diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general

information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United

States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention, 2011.

References cont.

Engelgau, M., Geiss, L., Saaddine, J., Boyle, J., Benjamin,

S., Gregg, E., Tierney, E., & Imperatore, G. (2004).

The evolving diabetes burden in the united

states. Annals of Internal Medicine, 140(11), 945-950.

References cont.

Feng, B., Fang-fang, J., & Hai-feng, W. (2013). The

impact of hyperglycemic emergencies on the kidney and

liver. Journal of Diabetes Research, 1-11. doi:

10.1155/2013/967097

Lopez, L., & Grant, R. W. (2012). Closing the gap:

Eliminating health care disparities among latinos

References cont.

with diabetes using health information technology

tools and patient navigators. Journal of Diabetes

Science and Technology, 6(1), 169-176.

Rull, J., Aguilar-Salinas, C., Rojas, R., Rios-Torres, J.,

Gomez-Perez, F., & Olaiz, G. (2005).Epidemiology of

type 2 diabetes in mexico. Archives of Medical

References cont.

Research, 36(3), 188-196.

Schultz, L., Bennett, P., Ravmussin, E., Kidd, J., Kidd, K., Esparza,

J., & Valencia, M. (2006). Effects of traditional and western

environments on prevalence of type 2 diabetes in pima indians

in mexico and the us. Diabetes Care, 29(8), 1866-1871.

Shaw, J. E., Sicree, R. A., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2010). Global estimates of

References cont

the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030.

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 87(1), 4-14.

Yaturu, S. (2013). Insulin therapies: Current and future

trends at dawn. World Journal of Diabetes, 4(1), 1-7.

References cont.