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Anatomy of Type
Serif
Slab Serif
Sans Serif
Semi-Sans
Point Size
Stroke
Axis
Contrast
Counter
Bowl
Aperture
Terminal
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz1234567890
Early Writing 1050 BC
Phoenician Alphabet
Phoenician1050 BC
22 letters
Adjab = no vowels
Southern Europe to Middle East to Northern Africa
Early Writing 1000 BC
Hebrew Inscription in Italy
Hebrew 1000 BC
22 letters • Adjab = no vowels
Asia Minor
Early Writing 900 BC
Greek Inscription
Greek 900 BC
24 letters • vowels
Asia Minor & Southern Europe
Early Writing 800 BC
Latin Inscription
Etruscan 800-100 BC
26 letters • vowels
Southern Italy
Latin 700 BC
21 letters • vowels
Southern Italy > Western Europe
Transition to Movable Type
Koren woodblocks used for printing
Paper invented in East Asia c. 105 AD
Woodblock Printing Korea, 800 AD
Movable TypeChina, Sung Dynasty C. 1000AD
Movable Type 1450
Cast type and early printing press
Johanes Gutenberg develops technique to cast individual letters in lead and use a modified olive press.
Reproduction now more economic and efficient
Typeface Movements
Simulate handwriting
Humanist axis; pen-formed serifs, large aperture
Variable axis, modelled serifs, moderate aperture
BlackletterSimulated handwriting
Renaissance15-16th century
Baroque17th century
Typeface Movements
Vertical axis, modulated stroke, refined serifs, tear-drop terminals, moderate aperture
Vertical axis; high contrast, thin serifs, ball terminals, small aperature
Neoclassical18th century
Romantic18-19th century
Typeface Movements
Vertical axis, unmodulated stroke, serifs = stroke, or absent, small aperture
Vertical axis; unmodulated stroke, no serifs, moderate aperature
Realist19th -20th century
Geometric Modernist20th century