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TGE Gas Engineering GmbH
New Technology for LNG Vaporisation
Volker Brondke – Senior Process EngineerAndreas Hambuecker – Engineering ManagerH I l ki UK B h M i DiHarry Isalski – UK Branch Managing Director
Gastech 2009T d 26 h M
Storage / Terminals
Tuesday 26th May
Gas ProcessingPackage Plants
Introduction
• The current technologies for LNG vaporisation in an LNG Import Terminal
• Influences on selection of vaporiser type:• Influences on selection of vaporiser type:– Environmental issues: vapour emissions, chemicals for water
treatment & power usage– CAPEX for available vapourisation technologies– OPEX (utilities/auxiliaries)
Pl S i– Plot Space requirtements– Delivery times– Freezing of heating medium & operational flexibilityFreezing of heating medium & operational flexibility
• The TGE solution and its benefits.
The Import TerminalORV
ORV
BOG ABSORPTION& HP PUMPING
BOG COMPRESSION
ORV
SCV
SHIPUNLOADING
FUTURE
FUTURE
GAS METERING
&EXPORTFUTURE EXPORT
TRUCK LOADING FUTURE HP PUMPSTRUCK LOADING
VAPORISERS
KettleKettle-type Vaporiser ORV
VAPORISERS
Kettle
SCV Shell & Tube Ambient Air
17/08/2009 4
Arrangement of a Typical ORV
17/08/2009 5
Construction Aspects of ORVConcreteConcrete
Plot Space
17/08/2009 6
Aspects of ORV Operation
• The need for chlorination of the water to prevent marine growth.
• The need for de-chlorination before water discharge.• Land-based location due to uniform water distribution
requirements• A minimum water quantity of approx. 60% of design
t f fil f tiwater for film formation.• Limitation of use in case of cold water.
D f b h l • Deterioration of zinc coating system by heavy metal impurities and erosion by particles.
Arrangement of a Typical SCV EmissionsEmissions
Plot Space
17/08/2009 8
Aspects of SCV Operation
• Used when seawater is cold• High running costsHigh running costs.• Emissions of CO2, NOx , etc.• Requires Chemicals for Bath• Requires Chemicals for Bath.• Usually used as a back-up.• Similar types available in conventional water bath • Similar types available in conventional water bath
form. Used in smaller applications for industrial gases.g
Other, Ambient Medium Heating systemsSeawater basedSeawater-based
• Indirect Seawater Heating systems• Indirect Seawater Heating systems– Closed intermediate circuit, e.g. water glycol.
Higher CAPEX and OPEX relatively compact Higher CAPEX and OPEX, relatively compact, good for FSRU applications.
• Kettle-type Vaporisers, using propane as the Kettle type Vaporisers, using propane as the intermediate fluid.– Relatively large plot, significant propane y g p , g p p
inventory, high CAPEX.
Other, Ambient Medium Heating systemsAir basedAir-based
• Direct Air Heating systemsg y– Ambient Air Vaporisers (finned tubes)– Fan-assisted Ambient Air Vaporisers, high OPEX– Applicable for smaller terminals, can have fog issues,
low OPEX, produces clean water.– Require large plotRequire large plot.
• In-direct Air Heating systems– Use air to heat intermediate fluid which, vaporises LNG.w , v p– Can be complex, occupy large plot, high CAPEX
The TGE Concept
U S• Uses Seawater• Has pressurised propane circuit.
l d d h h • Utilises standard, proven pump, heat exchangers and controls.M d l• Modular.
• Small foot-print.C titi CAPEX ti t• Competitive CAPEX operating costs.
• Simplifies overall terminal design.
The TGE Concept -Process Flowscheme
The TGE Concept - Description
• Compact Heat Exchangers, laser welded plate typetype.
• Utilises a significant amount of direct heat transfer with a novel concept (Patent Pending)with a novel concept (Patent Pending)
• Standard low head propane pump.• Simple control system for easy start-up & Simple control system for easy start up &
operation.• Relatively low inventory of propane.y y p p
Injection Heater Mechanism
Injection Heater Assembly
Injection Heater Assembly
Injection Heater Assembly
Propane vapour Injection scheme into liquidLPG terminal in Spain, a TGE Project, 2002p , j ,
17/08/2009 19
Welded Plate Exchanger ConstructionWelded Plate Exchanger Construction
W ld d Pl t E h C t tiWelded Plate Exchanger Construction
e g LNG VaporizerNG Product
e.g. LNG Vaporizer
Propane Feed
Propane Outlet
LNG Feed
W ld d Pl t E h C t tiNumber of single plates welded together by
Welded Plate Exchanger Construction
1. port hole weld 2. girth weld
=
Single Plates Plate Packg
Wh w ld d l t h ?Why use welded plate exchangers?Consideration was given to several types of exchangers.
Plate Exchangers, incl. spiral plate.Not suitable, too many gaskets, low design pressure.
S i l d t bSpiral wound tube.High cost.
Etched plate (Heatric). p ( )Considered expensive. More prone to blockage.
Plate fin type AluminiumPlate fin type,AluminiumNot considered adequately robust for temperature swings.
Corrosion is an issue.Plate-fin, stainless steel.
No experience at high pressures.Not adequately robust for temperature changesNot adequately robust for temperature changes.
Wh w ld d l t h ?Why use welded plate exchangers?
Plate & Shell design advantages includeg gEffectiveness = more heat transfer per m2
Compactness = more heat transfer per m3 of skidoccupancyoccupancyWeight is much lowerReduced inventory of hydrocarbonsStrong mechanical integrityStrong mechanical integrityLeads to shorter skid build time and unit construction
Modular
17/08/2009 25
Modular
17/08/2009 26
Modular
17/08/2009 27
Modular
17/08/2009 28
Modular
17/08/2009 29
The TGE Concept - Advantages
• Eliminates need for electro-clorination and de-chlorination.R d d f • Reduced cost of water exit system.
• Can be designed for smaller water flows than an ORV ( l l )ORV (may require local acceptance)
• Shorter construction time due to modular concept.B tt t d h t i ti• Better turn-down characteristics.
• Greater tolerance to water impurities.C b l d fl f l• Can be located on a floating facility.
• Simpler maintenance.h h l l f h h h• High mechanical resilience of the heat exchangers.
The TGE Concept - Conclusions
This unit is relatively CAPEX cost neutral compared with other schemes.E h ll h d ff d b d Each site will have different needs must be examined to show applicability of the TGE solution.P t ti l i ill i l dPotential savings will include:
Reduced cost in exit water system, electrochlorination & dechlorination, reduced water flows in some cases.,Wider operating envelope for seawater temperatures, impurities and turndown.
d f d f fl f lHas definite advantages for floating facilities.
Thank you for your kind attention!Q estions?Questions?