Types of cells and their organelles

A. In 1665 Robert Hooke cut a thin slice of cork and saw tiny empty boxes and called them cells

B. At the same time Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a single-lens microscope to observe pond water it revealed a tiny world of microscopic organisms

C. Types of microscopes that allowed the detailed study of cells include: 1. Light microscopes

(compound microscope) – used to study stained or living cells (1000xs)

2. Electron microscopes – used to study detailed structures of a cell

A. Came to be about after 3 separate scientists combined their findings 1. Mattias Schleiden concluded plants are

made up of cells 2.Theodor Schwann stated all animals are

made up of cells 3. Rudolf Virchow concluded that new cells

could be produced only by the division of existing cells

B. These findings summarize the fundamental concept

1. All living things are composed of cells

2.Cells are the basic unit of structure & function in living things

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

A. Cells come in many sizes. The shape of a cell will tell you a lot about the cells function

Prokaryotic (simple) No nucleus nucleoid

Eukaryotic (true cell) Nucleus Other organelles

Animal Cell (eukaryotic) Organelle – “little organs”

Double-layer structure made up of phospholipids (hydrophobic & hydrophilic ends)& proteins

Direct what goes in & out of the cell (semipermeable) a.k.a the “gatekeeper”

Cheek cells

The proteins along the membrane can be classified as Recognition/Adhesion proteins – form

junctions and allow for cell recognition Receptor proteins – docking sites for

hormones Transport proteins – active transport of

large solutes across membrane Channel proteins – selectively allow

passage of ions/molecules

Gel like material inside cell, keeps all organelles in place (solution)

Directs all activity within the cell (a.k.a “the boss”) Surrounded by a nuclear envelope that

allows items to move in & out of nuclear pores

Gets control directions from DNA (chromatin)

Nucleolus also found in nucleus – responsible for making proteins (rRNA is made)

Releases energy (ATP) by breaking down food so the cell can use it to carry out daily functions

Make protein with the help of the nucleolus. Composed of 2 subunits of proteins &

RNARibosomes can be located on the

endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm.

“Highway” of the cell, in charge of moving materials through the cell as well as lipid assembly.

Two types of ER:1. Smooth ER - no ribosomes (makes

lipids/hormones/steroids)2. Rough ER - attached ribosomes

(secretes proteins)

Modify, Sorts & packages substances made inside cell to be sent out in tiny sacs called vesicles. a.k.a. “giftwrapper”

Stores water, food, salt and/or waste products.

Are small and numerous in animal cells

Only 1 and is very large in plant cells

Digest cell wastes: such as food, bacteria, old cell parts. a.k.a “ the garbage man”

Help support the cell. A network of protein filaments that help

the cell maintain its shape and can also be involved with cell movement.

Centrioles Small structures that are located near

nucleus and help organize cell with cell division with microtubles (only in animal cells)

Detoxify various substances producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct. Contain enzymes that break down H2O2 into oxygen & water Common in liver & kidney cells

A. Chloroplast 1. Captures light

energy from the sun for the cell to use

B. Cell Wall 1. Gives support,

protection, and shape to plant cells

A. These 2 structures can be used for locomotion 1. Cilia – short small projections found only in

eukaryotic cells 2. Flagellum – long slender whip-like

projection found in both eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells

Cells in many-celled organism do not work alone. Each carries on its own functions while depending in some way on other cells.

Cells working together make a tissue, Tissues are organized into organs, Organs grouped together to perform a specific function is an Organ System.

Cells Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Stores material????

Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell?????

Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria