DIFFERENT TYPES OF PERSONAL COMPUTERS

Presented By:T. Dhana Lakshmi

Branch : CSE

Definition of a computer:

A computer is a general-purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of problem.

HISTORY OF COMPUTER:

In 1837 Charles Babbage first described his Analytical Engine which is accepted as the first design for a modern computer. The analytical engine had expandable memory. The analytical engine would have had a memory capacity of less than 1 kilobyte of memory and a clock speed of less than 10 Hertz

In 1937 J.V. Atanasoff, a professor of physics and mathematics at Iowa State University, attempts to build the first computer without gears, cams, belts or shafts.

In 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers on April 1ST and roll out the Apple I, the first computer with a single-circuit board.

Types Of Computers:

Computers can be broadly classified by their speed and computing power. There are 4generations of computers they are:

1st generation computers 2nd generation computers 3rd generation computers 4th generation computers

First Generation Computers (1940s – 1950s):

First electronic computers used vacuum tubes, and they were huge and complex. The first general purpose electronic computer was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer). It was digital, although it didn’t operate with binary code, and was reprogrammable to solve a complete range of computing problems. It took up 167 square meters, weighed 27 tons, and consuming 150 kilowatts of power. It used thousands of vacuum tubes, crystal diodes, relays, resistors, and capacitors.

Second Generation Computers (1955 – 1960):

The second generation of computers came about thanks to the invention of the transistor, which then started replacing vacuum tubes in computer design. Transistor computers consumed less power, less heat, and were much smaller compared to the first generationThe first transistor computer was created at the University of Manchester in 1953. The most popular of transistor computers was IBM 1401.

Third Generation Computers (1960s):

The invention of the integrated circuits (ICs), also known as microchips. which is a semiconductor, allowed them to be much smaller and more practical to produce. This also started the ongoing process of integrating an ever larger number of transistors onto a single microchip. During the sixties microchips started making their way into computers, but the process was gradual, and second generation of computers still held on.

Fourth Generation Computers (1971 – present):

First microchips-based central processing units consisted of multiple microchips for different CPU components. The drive for ever greater integration and miniaturization led towards single-chip CPUs, where all of the necessary CPU components were put onto a single microchip, called a microprocessor. The first single-chip CPU, or a microprocessor, was Intel 4004.

Different models of computer:

1. Tower model 2. Hand-Held model 3.Desktop model 4.Notebook model 5. Laptop model 6. Netbook model 7. Tablet pc model

Tower Model:The term refers to a computer in which the power supply, motherboard, and mass storage devices are stacked on top of each other in a cabinet. This is in contrast to desktop models, in which these components are housed in a more compact box. The main advantage of tower models is that there are fewer space constraints, which makes installation of additional storage devices easier.

A portable computer that is small enough to be held in one’s hand. Although extremely convenient to carry, handheld computers have not replaced notebook computers because of their small keyboards and screens. The most popular hand-held computers are those that are specifically designed to provide PIM (personal information manager) functions, such as a calendar and address book.

Hand-held computer:

A computer designed to fit comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the monitor sitting on top of the computer. Desktop model computers are broad and low Desktop models designed to be very small are sometimes referred to as slim line models.

Desktop model:

Notebooks:Notebooks computers are very light in weight as compare to laptop computers. Its weight is less than six pounds and placed it easily in briefcase. The basic difference between the personal computer and notebooks is display screen. In notebook computers use flat panel technologies to produce non-bulky display screen.

Laptop’s:A laptop computer is a type of personal computers. In laptop computers, including a keyboard, touchpad, display screen and speakers compiled into a single unit. It is powered by electricity via an AC adapter. The first computer described as laptop released in 1983 by Manuel Fernandez.

Netbooks:

It is an informal classification of personal computers. But when tablet PCs are coming in market netbooks are less common. Netbooks have ranged size of 5 inch screen diagonal and its weight is approx. one kg or 2 to 3 pounds. The netbooks trend came from Toshiba who launched the Libretto 6 inch netbook whose weight is 840g.

Tablet PC:It is a mobile computer which is larger than PDA or a mobile phone. Tablet computer integrated with touch screen rather than using physical keyboard and also using digital pen. In tablet PC you can get a lot of functions like cell phone functions, wireless internet, GPS navigation and a video camera. Its weight is varies from 1 to 1.5 kg. Its battery life is three to ten hours.

Computer Peripherals:

The device which is connected to a host computer, but not part of it is called peripheral device. These are also called input or output devices. Input, Output & Storage are main types of computer peripherals. A device such as Headphones, Joysticks, Keyboards, Monitors, Mouse, Speakers, USB Gadgets, USB Hubs, Webcams are known as Peripherals Devices

Advantages of pc’s:

It may be the storage of your important data and files. It may be your handy book. It may help you solve problems faster than an ordinary human

being can do. It has speed, storage, reliability, consistency and

communications. It helps you to find useful information using the Internet. It helps in businesses, factories, offices, schools and homes. helps you automate various tasks that you can not do

manually It helps you organize your data and information in a better

way. It has much more computing and calculating power then an

ordinary human. It may help your work to be a lot easier

Disadvantage’s of pc’s:

It destroys your social life and interactions with humans if you do not maintain the balance.

It may effect to the destruction of your eye sight due to radiation. It may cause pimples and wrinkles. It may damage your studies and life. Too much time in front of monitor may adverse effect your eye sight and can

also make you fat. The way it distracts and can deviate our thoughts and activities towards

unproductive activities. It could cause violation of privacy, impact on labor force, health risks, impact

on environment, distraction from work, and possible antisocial influences. getting away from their real life and getting into bad lines