Types of plate boundaries

•Divergent plate boundaryOceanic spreading ridgeContinental Rift zoneNew rock produced

•Convergent plate boundaryOceanic-oceanic convergenceContinental-continental convergence

Mountains UpliftedOceanic - continental convergence

Subduction, Mountains, VolcanoesOld rock destroyed at Trench

•Transform plate boundaryEarthquakes

Divergent plate boundaries

•Oceanic spreading ridge E.g. Mid-Atlantic ridge

new basaltic magma rises to the surface along the ridge forming new oceanic crust

What the central rift looks like in a spreading ridge

Continental Rift zone E.g. Africa and Iceland

Divergent plate boundaries on land form rift valleys. New oceans are starting to open in these places.

These rift valleys often have volcanoes lining them.

Diagram of a rift valley E.g. West African rift

Oldoinyo volcano erupts inside the Africa rift zone

Rift valleys will increase in size till water fills them to form a Sea

The Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden were once rift valleys.

So was the Atlantic Ocean!

The formation of the Atlantic ocean

Convergent plate boundaries

•Types Convergent plate boundaries

Oceanic-oceanic convergenceE.g. Japan, New Zealand

Oceanic - continental convergenceE.g. Andes, Sierra Nevada's

Continental-continental convergenceE.g. Himalayas

•Oceanic-oceanic convergenceSubduction zone with deep trench!

Trench

Island arc

Piled up sedimentary rock:

This rock will go through the rock cycle as the ocean floor subducts (metamorphic then melt into magma)!!

Trench

Island arc

Japan is an example of an Island Arc system

•Continental-continental convergence

The sub-continent of India has collided with the Eurasian continent to form the:

Himalayas and Mnt. Everest!!

Old ocean sediments Uplifted

plateau

Mountains: Folded Rocks due to collision

•Oceanic - continental convergence:Subduction Zone!! – Rock is DESTROYED!

Crust is pushed up: (UPLIFT) – Mountain building.E.g. Andes mountains

The Andes

Transform plate boundaries

Pacific plate

North American plate

Volcanoes and Plate boundaries

The interior of Planet Earth

Model of the Earth’s interior

Model of how convection currents in the mantle drive plate tectonics

Model 1

Model 2

The Plates

Plate boundaries and Hot spots

Summary:

Mountain roots