Types of Reproduction

Asexual

Sexual

Heredity Table of Contents

• 7.4.1 Notes

• Asexual Reproduction Tree Map

• SPI 7.4.1—Classify methods of reproduction as sexual or asexual

Purpose of Reproduction

• To make sure a species can continue.– Definition: Reproduction is the process by

which an organism produces others of its same kind.

Asexual Reproduction

• A new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.

• The offspring will have hereditary material uniform with the hereditary material of the parent organism. (The offspring will be genetically the same as the parent)

Types of Asexual Reproduction

• Budding

• Regeneration or Fragmentation

• Fission (Binary fission)

• Spores

• Vegetative Propagation

Budding

• Process by which a new, duplicate plant or animal begins to form at the side of the parent and enlarges until an individual is created.

http://www.waycross.edu/faculty/bmajdi/hydra%20budding.jpg

Hydra

http://judyepstein.com/images/DesertImages/Budding-Purple-LG.jpg

Cacti

Regeneration or Fragmentation

• The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, organs or limbs.

• It is a common feature in invertebrates, like worms and starfish.

http://www.vsf.cape.com/~jdale/science/starfishregenerating.jpg

Starfish

http://classes.design.ucla.edu/Spring05/152BC/projects/saito/ex3/planaria.jpg

Planarians

Fission

• Also called binary fission.

• Becoming two by division of the complete organism.

• A type of cell division.

http://wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/BinaryFissionParamecium.jpg

Paramecium

http://coris.noaa.gov/glossary/binary_fission_186.jpg

Bacteria

Spores

• A reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell

• Found in mold, fungi, and ferns

Mold

Puffball

Ferns

Vegetative Propagation

• A process which doesn’t involve a seed to produce new plants.

• Examples: runners, bulbs, cuttings, grafting

Bulbs

Cuttings

Grafting

Runners

Sexual Reproduction

• Requires two sex cells – egg and sperm

• The egg and sperm join to form an entirely new organism– Different from the parent organism

Flowering plants

Seeds

Eggs

Fish eggs

Frog eggs

Baby hedgehogs

Baby animals

Human babies

IMPORTANT!

• Asexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism

• Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from the parent organisms

Sexual versus Asexual Reproduction

Type of Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages

Sexual

Diversity in offspring

Offspring less likely to have mutations show up

Requires a mate to reproduce

Population increases are limited

Asexual

Can increase populations rapidly

Does not require a mate for reproduction to take place

Lack of diversity in offspring

Because they reproduce offspring genetically identical to parents, the offspring inherit any mutations of the parent.

Exit Slip

• Describe the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.