TYPESOF

SENTENCES

INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Contains a subject and a verbContains a subject and a verb Express a complete thought Express a complete thought Can stand aloneCan stand aloneExamples:Examples:

The sun The sun rose.rose.The children The children laughed.laughed.Water Water evaporates evaporates rapidly in warm climate rapidly in warm climate zones.zones.

complement

DEPENDENT CLAUSE Begins with Begins with subordinatorsubordinator Does not express a complete thoughtDoes not express a complete thought It is not a sentence by itselfIt is not a sentence by itself Also called as ‘sentence fragment’Also called as ‘sentence fragment’

Formation :Formation : subordinatorsubordinator + + a subject a subject + + a verba verb

……when when the sun the sun rose…rose………because because waterwater evaporatesevaporates rapidly in warm rapidly in warm

climate zones…climate zones……whom the voters elected…elected………if if the drought the drought ccontinuesontinues for another year…for another year…

PRACTICE 1 (Ind. or Dep.?)

1. Globalization means more travel for 1. Globalization means more travel for businessmen and women.businessmen and women.2. As business executives fly around the globe 2. As business executives fly around the globe to sell their companies’ products and servicesto sell their companies’ products and services3. Jet lag affects most long-distance travelers.3. Jet lag affects most long-distance travelers.4. Which is simply the urge to sleep at 4. Which is simply the urge to sleep at inappropriate times.inappropriate times.5. Although there is no sure way to prevent jet 5. Although there is no sure way to prevent jet laglag

SIMPLE SENTENCES It is ONE INDEPENDENT clause. It is ONE INDEPENDENT clause. Examples:Examples:FreshwaterFreshwater bboilsoils at 100 degrees Celsius at 100 degrees Celsius

at sea level. at sea level. Freshwater Freshwater boilsboils at 100 degrees and at 100 degrees and

freezesfreezes at 0 degrees Celsius at 0 degrees CelsiusFreshwaterFreshwater and and salt water salt water do not boil do not boil

and and do not freezedo not freeze at the same time at the same time

PRACTICE 2PRACTICE 2Construct one sentence for each Construct one sentence for each instruction.instruction.1.1.1 subject, 1 verb1 subject, 1 verb2.2.1 subject, 2 verbs1 subject, 2 verbs3.3.2 subjects, 1 verb2 subjects, 1 verb4.4.2 subjects, 2 verbs2 subjects, 2 verbs

COMPOUND SENTENCES

Contains two (2) or more independent Contains two (2) or more independent clauses joined together.clauses joined together.There are three (3) ways to join the There are three (3) ways to join the clauses:clauses:1.1.With a coordinatorWith a coordinator

1.1.With a conjunctive adverbWith a conjunctive adverb

1.1.With a semicolonWith a semicolon

Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause

Independent clause; + conj. Adv, + independent clause

Independent clause; independent clause

Compound Sentences With Coordinators

Example: Salt water boils at a higher temperature than

freshwater, so food cooks faster in salt water. There are seven coordinators, which are also

called coordinating conjunctions.For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So (FAN BOYS)

Independent clause, + coordinator + independent clause

Compound Sentences With Conjunctive Adverbs

Salt water boils at a higher temperature than freshwater; therefore, food cooks faster in salt water.

Several transitional signals, such as on the other hand, as a result, and for example, act like conjunctive adverbs; they can also connect the independent clauses with a semicolon and a comma.

Independent clause; + conj. Adv, + independent clause

Compound Sentences With Semicolons

Example: Salt water boils at a higher temperature than

freshwater; food cooks faster in salt water. Poland was the first Eastern European country to turn

away from communism; others soon followed. This kind of compound sentence is possible only when

the two independent clauses are closely related in meaning.

If they are not closely related, they should be written as two simple sentences, each ending with a period.

Independent clause; independent clause

COMPLEX SENTENCES Contain one (1) INDEPENDENT CLAUSE

and one (or more) DEPENDENT CLAUSE(S).

In this structure, one or more ideas are dependent upon the main idea.

The dependent clause is joined to an independent clause by a subordinating conjunction or relative pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that)

Common Subordinators

Although women in the United States could own property, they could not vote until 1920.

A citizen can vote in the United States when he or she is 18 years old.

I will be coming straight home after I go to the store.

After I go to the store, I will be coming straight home.

After she left work, the women stopped at the store, before she went home.

By the time we arrived, the bus had already left.

Thabib will buy the books provided that they are on sale.

Hussein is a kind of man who likes to help others.

My friend spoke to the singer whom performed at the concert.

Ali whose parents were at work came to my house.

Last year we vacationed in Phi Phi Island, which features excellent is scuba diving.

The cat that you found yesterday belonged to my sister.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES

I wanted to travel I wanted to travel after I graduated from after I graduated from collegecollege; however, ; however, I had to go to work I had to go to work immediately.immediately.After I graduated from collegeAfter I graduated from college, , I wanted I wanted to travelto travel, , but I had to go to work but I had to go to work immediately. immediately.

1 dependent clause+

2 independent clauses

I wanted to travel I wanted to travel after I graduated from after I graduated from college, but college, but I had to work immediately I had to work immediately because I had to support my family.because I had to support my family.I could not decide I could not decide where I should work or where I should work or what I should do,what I should do, so so at first I did nothing. at first I did nothing.