TYPES OF SOCIAL

MOBILITY

Upward Mobility• Refers to the movement of individuals or

groups from lower to higher status in a social stratification system

• Also called vertical mobility which can operate intergenerationally

Factors affecting upward mobility

• Policy and practice of migration• Differential fertility of social classes• Presence or absence of individual

competition • Availability of opportunities to prepare

one’s self for competitive process as a secondary factor ( education first )

• Patterns of equality and inequality in a society

Downward Mobility

• also results in a change in social status ( basically the opposite of the former)

Horizontal Mobility

A movement that involves a change in a status with no corresponding change in social class

Geographical Migration• Known to sociologists as PHYSICAL

MOBILITY

• It is the movement of people from one geographical spot to another, and it is a phenomenon of increasing in modern society

Physical Mobility includes• Forced relocation of large groups of

people• Eviction• Dispossession of unwanted people• Voluntary permanent migration

Reasons for voluntary migration

• Economic factor• Political reason• Religious liberty• Educational opportunities• Natural calamities

Forced Migration• Expulsion of unwanted people• Herding of people into reservation

area/concentration camp• Transportation of enslaved individuals

Effects of Migration• Diffusion of cultures• Biological mixture• Urbanization of culture

Factors Affecting Social Mobility

• Hard work• Social structure• Societal values and norms• Level of education• Marriage• Luck

POINTERS• Test I- puzzle- Migration- Marriage- Stereotype- Inequality- Mobility- Upper class- Underclass- Forced migration- Horizontal Migration- Voluntary Migration- Social stratification- Social comparisons- Lower class- Working class- Vertical mobility/upward mobility

• Test II. Multiple choice- Groups and bureaucracy- Gender stratification

Test III. Essay-Migration-Socialization-Gender stratification