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Types of Sources
All I Want for Christmas is
Media Literacy Skills
Name of Source Type of Information Location Aids within the Source
Dictionary •DefinitionPronunciationSpellingOrigin of wordUsage(part of speech)
Alphabetically arrangedGuide words
Encyclopedia •Articles with brief overviews of a topic•Study guides or questions•Visual aids like pictures, maps, charts
•Alphabetically arranged; some arranged in topics•Index•Guide words•Cross References
Almanac •Facts on government, geography,astronomy, weather, countries, etc.Statistics on industry, agriculture, population, entertainment, sportsRecent information sectionPublished yearly
Table of contentsIndex
Atlas •Bound collection of maps•Maps contain latitude and longitude coordinates•Historical maps
•Table of contents•Index
Common Reference Sources
Name of SourceType of Information Location Aids within the Source
Newspaper Provides information on current events Contains other types of info such as sports, classifieds, etc. Produced weekly or daily
•Table of contents
Periodical(Magazines, Journals)
Smaller bound articles about current events; written by many authors Published weekly, monthly or quarterlyUsually highly illustrated(magazines)
Table of contents
Manual/Handbook •Information that can be used as instructions
•Table of Contents
Thesaurus •Dictionary of synonyms and antonyms •Alphabetically arranged•Guide words
Index •List of topics and the page or book where the info can be found•Purpose is to help locate info
Alphabetically arranged
Comparison
Primary Secondary
something that originates from the past
something that has been made recently about the past
present during an experience or time period
Interprets ,describes and analyzes primary sources
offer an inside view of a particular event
may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them
are one or more steps removed from the event, or information they refer to, being written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight.
Specific Examples
journals
diaries
interviews
manuscripts
advertisements
pamphlets
personal narratives
sources
speeches
letters
artifacts
photographs
film
video
music
works of fiction
textbook
biographies
commentaries
dictionaries and encyclopedias
handbooks and data compilations
history
indexing and abstracting tools used to locate primary & secondary sources
journal articles
newspaper and popular magazine articles (may also be primary)
review articles and literature reviews
works of criticism and interpretation
Primary Secondary
Evaluation of Print
Author’s Purpose1.Persuade2.Inform3.Entertain
P (persuade)
Persuade means to try to convince someone to think the same way you do.
Use propaganda techniques to convey message.
Examplesadvertisements, newspaper editorials, junk mail,
posters
I (inform)
Inform means to give someone information about something.
Called expository writing and includes technical writing.
Examples news reports, research papers, encyclopedias, school news letters, instructions, pamphlets from health clinics, maps, timelines, schedules, charts, graphs
E (entertain)
Entertain means to amuse someone.
Creative writing is used to convey message.
Examples fictional stories, comics, poems, jokes, riddles
Fact or Opinion?
1. According to sales records, PS3 is the worst selling of all computer game consoles.
2. Therefore, we can conclude that PS3 is the least popular computer game consoles.
3. This is because PS3 does not have easy to use hand held devices.
FactsFacts are statements that can be proven.
Facts may be true or false.
But facts can be proven.
Examples
1. Statistically, women live longer than men.
2. Most buses weigh more than most cars.
3. There are ten inches in a foot (false).
Opinions
Opinions are statements that cannot be proven.
Opinions can be argued.
Opinions may be supported with facts.
Opinions cannot be proven.
Examples
1. Golf is boring.
2. Pizza is delicious.
3. Math is the hardest subject.
Bias
Subjective information is one person's opinion. In a newspaper, the editorial section is the place for subjectivity. It can be based on fact, but it is one person's interpretation of that fact. In this way, subjective information is also analytical.
Objective information reviews many points of view. It is intended to be unbiased. News reporters are supposed to be objective and report the facts of an event. Encyclopedias and other reference materials provide objective information.
The CARS Checklist for Research Source Evaluation
Credibility• trustworthy source, author’s credentials(training,
education, job), no grammar or spelling issues, known or respected authority, organizational support, contact information
Accuracy• up to date, factual, detailed
Reasonableness• fair, balanced view, makes sense with what you already
know
Support• listed sources, claims supported, references cited
Optional: Design and Technology
• Are the pictures relevant and clear?
• Are the pages easy to maneuver?
• Have the colors been chosen well?
• Do the links work?
• Does the page load relatively quickly?
Internet URL
Internet URL
Internet Evaluationhttp://www.ag.auburn.edu/hort/landscape/christmastreehistory.html
http://www.christmastree.org/myths.cfm
http://blog.heritage.org/2011/11/08/obama-couldnt-wait-his-new-christmas-tree-tax/
http://www.usfa.fema.gov/citizens/home_fire_prev/holiday-seasonal/treefire.shtm
http://www.nfpa.org/categoryList.asp?categoryID=296&URL=Safety%20Information/For%20consumers/Holidays/Christmas%20tree%20fires&cookie%5Ftest
http://www.goebelfarms.com/Christmas/care.htm