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Presented by:

Girish Dhareshwar

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What is bridge? A bridge is a structure that permits us to cross

over an obstacle. Suppose we lay a plank across a brook. If we

have a bridge. If the plank is thin in relation toits length , it will sag. In fact, if it istoo long, it will collapse. This shows that we must consider the

weight of a bridge itself---the dead load. If we stand at the middle of the plank, it sags even more. So, wemust provide for the weight of whatever our bridge is designed tocarry--- the live load.

Also, when you walk across the plank, it bounces under you,illustrating the effect of a moving live load.

Finally, there is a wind load. A strong wind pushes against thesides, lifts the deck, shakes the whole structure. Certainly the force ofthe wind is something to keep in mind.

Bridges help us to connect to each other and the world. There are four main types of physical bridges. They are arch, beam,

suspension and cable-stayed and TRUSS

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TYPES OF BRIDGESBeam Bridge

Basic Beam Bridge Actual Beam Bridge

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/meetbeam.html

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Beam Bridge

A beam or "girder" bridge is the simplest and mostinexpensive kind of bridge.

In its most basic form, a beam bridge consists of ahorizontal beam that is supported at each end by

piers. The weight of the beam pushes straight downon the piers.The beam itself must be strong so that it doesn't

bend under its own weight and the added weight ofcrossing traffic.

When a load pushes down on the beam, the beam'stop edge is pushed together (compression) while thebottom edge is stretched (tension).

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Arch bridge

Basic Arch BridgeActual Arch Bridge

Bixby Creek Bridge, Monterey, CA

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/meetarch.html

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Arch BridgeArch bridges are one of the oldest types of

bridges and have great natural strength.

Instead ofpushing straight down, theweight of an arch bridge is carried outwardalong the curve of the arch to thesupports at each end.

These supports, called the abutments, carrythe load and keep the ends of the bridgefrom spreading out.

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Suspension bridge

Basic SuspensionBridge

Actual Suspension BridgeGolden Gate Bridge, San Francisco,

CA

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/meetsusp.html

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Suspension bridge

Aesthetic, light, and strong, suspension bridgescan span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet --far longer than any other kind of bridge.

They also tend to be the most expensive tobuild.

True to its name, a suspension bridge suspendstheroadway from huge main cables, which extend

from one end of the bridge to the other.These cables rest on top of high towers and are

secured at each end by anchorages.

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The towers enable the main cables to

be draped over long distances.Most of the weight of the bridge is

carried by the cables to the anchorages,

which are imbedded in either solidrock or massive concrete blocks.

Inside the anchorages, the cables are

spread over a large area to evenlydistribute the load and to prevent thecables from breaking free.

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Cable-stayed bridge

Basic Cable-stayed Bridge Actual Cable-stayed BridgeClark Bridge, Alton, IL

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bridge/meetcable.html

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Cable-stayed bridgeCable-stayed bridges may look similar to suspensions

bridges -- both have roadways that hang from cablesand both have towers.

Two bridges support the load of the roadway in verydifferent ways.The difference lies in how the cables are connected to

the towers. In suspension bridges, the cables ridefreely across the towers, transmitting the load to the

anchorages at either end.In cable-stayeded bridges, the cables are attached to

the towers, which alone bear the load.

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The cables can be attached to theroadway in a variety of ways.

In a radial pattern, cables extendfrom several points on the road to a

single point at the top of the tower.In a parallel pattern, cables are

attached at different heights along

the tower, running parallel to oneother.

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DangerousDriving .

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