Typhoid FeverVincent Klokman

Classic Symptoms–Slow, Progressive Fever–Profuse sweating–Gastroenteritis

Centers for Disease Control Public Heath Image Library

Typhoid Fever is caused By the Bacterium Salmonella typhi

Salmonella typhi is a motile, gram-negative facultative

anaerobe.

A Fecal-Oral Route of Transmission Spreads Typhoid Fever

Asymptomatic Carriage Can Spread Typhoid Fever to Many People

Salmonella Virulence due to:

Invasiveness Intracellular survival & multiplication Endotoxin Cytotoxins

FoodPoisonJournal.comCred. Drew Falkenstein

Endotoxin inLPS layer(fever)

O antigenH antigen

Vi capsule antigen

Cytotoxin

Type 1 fimbriae(adherence)

Enterotoxin(diarrhea)

Siderophores

Virulenceplasmid

Virulence Factors and ToxinsBrock: Figure 28.17

World Distribution of Typhoid Fever is largely in Developing Nations

WHO

With prompt antibiotic therapy, more than 99% of the people with typhoid fever are cured.

Oral and Injectable Vaccines Are Available

Vi capsule antigen;Inhibits complement binding

Virulenceplasmid

Brock: Figure 28.17

The Typhoid Vaccine is not Very Effective

Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.

Simple HygieneWashing canInstances of

and handreduce severalTyphoid Fever

References• A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia [Internet]. Atlanta (GA):

A.D.A.M., Inc.; c1997-2012. Typhoid Fever; [last reviewed 2011 Jun 9; cited 2012 Mar 6]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002308/

• Brock Biology of Microorganisms. San Francisco (Calif.): Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2009. Print.

• Klugman, K. "Protective Activity Of Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine Against Typhoid Fever." The Lancet 330.8569 (1987): 1165-169. Print.

• Merck Manual• Taber’s Medical Encyclopedia• CDC• WHO• Fraser A, Goldberg E, Acosta CJ, Paul M, Leibovici L (2007).

"Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3): CD001261.