Typhoid FeverAmy Kim, Jiwon Cheong, Hijo Byeun, Allison Lee

Typhoid Fever

A bacterial infection

It annually affect 21 million and kills 200,000 people worldwide

CausesJiwon Cheong

Caused by Bacteria.

Mostly by Salmonella typhi bacteria, but also by

Salmonella paeatyphi.

The way you can catch this is by drinking water or

eating food that is contaminated by those types of

bacteria. (Spread by a human carrier.)

An example of how it is spread is when a person who has

the bacterium does not wash his or her hands well and then

touches food that is later eaten.

Flies spread the disease also.

How it CausesJiwon Cheong

First, the bacteria spread throughout the small intestine and then through the

blood stream

Carried by white blood cells

The bacterium then enters organs, multiplies, and then travels to other organs

using the bloodstream

Every time the bacteria enters an organ, symptoms begin to appear, starting form

when the bacteria enters the bloodstream

BibliographyJiwon Cheong

1. "Typhoid Fever." Penn State Hershey. 26 Oct. 2008 <

http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/t/typhoidfever.htm>.

2. "Typhoid Fever." MedicineNet.com. 8 Oct. 1927 <www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/article.htm

>.

3. "Typhoid Fever (cont.)." MedicineNet.com. 27 Oct. 2008 <

www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm>.

SymptomsAllison Lee

The most common symptoms are headache, poor appetite, fever, lethargy, diarrhea, sore

throat

Children often have diarrhea and vomitting

The tongue becomes dry and has white patches in the center.

People get a constant fever that is usually 39~40degree celsius.

Skin rashes(rose spots) occur.

usually on abdomen or chest at the second week of fever

later it may lead to inflammation of bones and ulceration of bowels

SymptomsAllison Lee

Lethargy later could bring prostration.

Abdominal pain and discomfort are also common symptoms.

Untreatment could result in other symptoms such as weight loss, continue high

fever, distended abdomen, meningitis, arthritis.

Some patients may experience relapse from the typhoid fever after one or two

weeks.

BibliographyAllison Lee

1. "Typhoid Fever / Enteric fever: Symptom, Information, causes, Treatment of Typhoid Fever." Online health care guide - Health Care Information plan for family health, womens health, mens and child healt. 27 Oct. 2008 <http://www.diseasesatoz.com/typhoid-fever-symptom.htm>.

2. "Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine." MedicineNet.com. 27 Oct. 2008 <www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm>.

3. "Typhoid Fever Symptoms." Diseases Home Page. 27 Oct. 2008 <http://diseases.emedtv.com/typhoid-fever/typhoid-fever-symptoms.html>.

4. "Typhoid fever: Symptoms." Mayo Clinic medical information and tools for healthy living - MayoClinic.com. 27 Oct. 2008 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/typhoid-fever/DS00538/DSECTION=symptoms>.

TransmissionHijo Byeun

Who assists to this transmission?

People who have got the sickness, 3-5% become the carrier

Where in our world?The disease will occur underdeveloped and yet developed countries such as Latin

American, Asia and Africa.

Where in our lives?The bacteria grow in contaminated and spoiled food and especially drinking water. Also it will be carried through animal and human’s excrements.

•The bacteria will last for many days and weeks in the food that includes the dried Last for weeks in water or dried wastes.

The bacteria develop in the gallbladder, bile ducts and liver.•It is the white blood cell in the liver, spleen and the bone marrow that the bacteria will develop and later goes into the bloodstream.

TransmissionHijo Byeun

To Whom

The disease will occur underdeveloped and yet developed countries such as Latin

American, Asia and Africa.

The sickness will develop sporadically in a specific location and the older and

younger generations.

The location of effects.

The location of a body that will be visible would be cramps in muscles and

abdominal pain.

The signs that will appear would be in a patient’s state of consciousness also

including stupor and coma.

LocationsAmy Kim

Developing nationsCommon in most of the world

“except in industrialized regions such as the United States, Canada, western Europe, Australia, and Japan”

Asia, Africa, and Latin America have been especially at risk.

BibliographyHijo Byeun

1. “Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine on MedicineNet.com.” MedicinNet.com 27.oct.2008 <http://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page2.htm#2howdo>

2. Typhoid Fever “Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.” Published by the Gale group The Essay, Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt (author) Oct.27.2008<http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/common/standard/transform.jsp?requestURI=/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/typhoid_fever.jsp>

3. Typhoid Fever in Adults. “VisualDxHealth Worldwide Web” Oct.27, 2008 http://www.visualdxhealth.com/atlas/typhoidFever.htm

PreventionAmy Kim

Wash your hands

hot soapy water

”before eating or preparing food and after using the

toilet. “

carry hand-sanitizer to wash hands when water isn’t

availableAvoid drinking untreated water

drink only canned, bottled, or carbonated

beverages, such as bottled water, wine, or bear

try to drink mostly carbonated bottle water

clean the outside of bottles and cans before you

open.

avoid drinking beverages with ice

”Use bottled water to brush your teeth”

Avoid swallowing water while taking a shower

PreventionAmy Kim

Avoid raw fruits and vegetables

(raw produce may have been washed with unclean

water)

“avoid fruits and vegetables that you can’t peel,

especially lettuce_

Perhaps avoiding raw food entirely is safer

Choose hot foods

avoid food that stored at room temperature

Try to stick to steaming hot foods

avoid street vendor foods as those are more likely

to be contaminated

In hospitals, infected people are quarantined

PreventionAmy Kim

General Sanitization

disinfection

pure water

pure milk

proper sewage

fly prevention

pure food

"Typhoid Fever And Its Prevention In Town and Country"Virginia Health Bulletin vol. 3, #6, June 1911

TreatmentAmy Kim

Vaccines

injection of a single dose

given orally over a period of days

(Neither is guaranteed and require constant vaccinations)

Chloramphenicol used the popular drug

-stopped due to rare serious side effects

TreatmentAmy Kim

Treatment of antibiotics depend on geographical region

certain versions of the Salmonella bacteria from South Amerixa are resistance to

some antibiotics)

removal of the gallbladder, the site of chronic infection

Travel clinics

injectable forms (Typherix or Typhim Vi)

oral form (Vivotif)

Admittance to hospital and loss of fluids and salt

BibliographyAmy Kim

1.“ar119689291685303.jpg (JPEG Image, 500x500 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://activerain.com/image_store/uploads/3/0/3/5/8/ar119689291685303.jpg>.

2. “Are There Any Leaks In Your Dam? - Flickr 에서 사진 공유하기 !.” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.flickr.com/photos/vcutmlsca/727207634/>.

3. “BRN00030.jpg (JPEG Image, 288x216 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <https://www.epocrates.com/pillimages/BRN00030.jpg>.

4. “Disease Listing, Typhoid Fever, General Information | CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases.” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/TyphoidFever_g.htm#Where%20in%20the%20world%20do%20you%20get%20typhoid%20fever>.

5. “dirty-water.jpg (JPEG Image, 400x300 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://holamun2.com/files/images/attachments/2007/08/dirty-water.jpg>.

6. “Rose+spots+in+typhoid+fever.jpg (JPEG Image, 390x253 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://lh3.ggpht.com/_TI33FeLVrRM/R7mr9V4Ux1I/AAAAAAAAAGA/UMRnFGigAfc/Rose+spots+in+typhoid+fever.jpg>.

7. “tetanusvaccine-717442.jpg (JPEG Image, 300x180 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.healthline.com/blogs/outdoor_health/uploaded_images/tetanusvaccine-717442.jpg>.

8. “Typhoid Fever Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Vaccine on MedicineNet.com.” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.medicinenet.com/typhoid_fever/page3.htm>.

9. “typhoid_feverI.gif (GIF Image, 328x232 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.spmsd.co.uk/upload/public/docImages/1/typhoid_feverI.gif>.

10. “Typhoid fever: Prevention - MayoClinic.com.” 26 Oct 2008 <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/typhoid-fever/DS00538/DSECTION=prevention>.

11. “060224_vaccine_300.jpg (JPEG Image, 300x286 pixels).” 27 Oct 2008 <http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Info/Press/gfx/060224_vaccine_300.jpg>.