Dear Friends

At least 330 million people are affected by drought in India, thegovernment has told the Supreme Court.The drought is taking placeas a heat wave extends across much of India with temperaturescrossing 40C for days now.The western state of Maharashtra, oneof the worst affected by the drought, shifted out 13 Indian PremierLeague (IPL) cricket matches due to be played in the state nextmonth because of the amount of water needed to prepare pitches.Water availability in India's 91 reservoirs is at its lowest in adecade, with stocks at a paltry 29% of their total storage capacity, ac-cording to the Central Water Commission.

Some 85% of the country's drinking water comes from aquifers,but their levels are falling, according to WaterAid.The most immediateconsequence of drought is a fall in crop production, due to inadequate andpoorly distributed rainfall. Farmers are faced with harvests that are toosmall to both feed their families and fulfill their other commitments. Live-stock sales act as a buffer in times of hardship, farmers disinvesting inthese assets to buy food. The first animals to be sold are usually thosewhich make the least contribution to farm production, such as sheep andgoats.

Where crops have been badly affected by drought, pasture produc-tion is also likely to be reduced although output from natural pasturestends to be less vulnerable to drought than crop production. Low rainfallcauses poor pasture growth and may also lead to a decline in fodder sup-plies from crop residues. Insufficient levels of fodder around the villagelead to weight less and increased deaths among stock, especially where im-migrant herds put further pressure on limited local pastures. Goats arehardy animals, especially in dry areas. They do not consume a lot of fodder,can go for several days on the water in the food they eat, do not requiremuch land, and, if well-managed, gain enough weight to be sold in sixmonths.The goat is like a special coat that has no shape because every onecan wear it.

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Sanjeev Kumar

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latho dqekj

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2View, Review & Overview

Indian rural livestock farming espe-cially small livestock like goat,backyard poultry has inherent ad-vantage of natural farming processwith least use of chemicals and syn-thetic materials.

However our present prac-tices are not recognized as organicor natural farming as promoters orsupporting agency are not awareabout organic livestock productionconcept and able to get organic pro-duce certification. The goat Trusthas worked extensively on herbaland home based remedies for smalllivestock and natural production sys-tem improvement.

Organic meat constitutes onlya small part of the entire meat indus-try around the world; however, itsincreasing demand has attracted theattention of everyone. The demandfor organic meat increased by 51%in 2005 in North America alone.

The ever increasing demandfor organic meat is proof of the in-creasing consumer preference forthe product. Consumers normallypay a higher premium for naturalmeat and organic meat. This pre-mium is about 30% for natural meatand anything between 15% to 200%for organic meat.The Goat Trust

team while working with over80000 goats farmers strongly be-lieved that learning from farmersknowledge, documenting and dis-seminating the best practices is crit-ical to promote low cost andeffective management of small live-stock.

With this mission in mind wedocumented 80 best practices for

small livestock management fromdry land areas like Bundelkhand andrajasthan and validated it at our farmand in association with community.

The Goat Trust published

herbal based and home basedremedy as reference book fortraining participants. We collabo-rated with SEWA, Madurai to usetheir existing practices documenta-tion and their senior trainer were in-vited for field level plantidentification and medicinal usessharing.

Based on field success wehave developed training manual andprocess on proven herbal medicinesand promoted it through PashuSakhies.

We have standardized herbalkit and backyard herbal garden andstill working on its promotion.

The Goat Trust has recentlyalso incorporated homeopathic med-icines as small livestock ailmentscure process and preventative prac-tices. A complementary book on it is

under process for publication. Pashuchaat is one of low cost innovationby The Goat Trust team, where lowcost materials are used to makePashu chaat locally by Pashu sakhiesor farmers themselves. Mineralsbeing essential for livestock not onlysaves cost but ensures optimum pro-ductivity especially in dry land areasand with reducing diversity ifplants.

After last five years of ourwork on consolidating best tradi-tional but proven best practices, useof integrated Ayurvedic, Homeo-pathic and herb based Livestock ail-ments cure and researching organic

livestock farming principles, Weinvite your participation to discussand evolve a strategy to make ourtraditional indigenous (desi) smalllivestock production system as mostsustainable and chemical free pro-duction process ....Wisdom of ruralfarmers need recognition and highrewards and its here how we can doit now.....

Organic Meat production

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3technology

Solar power backed Mini RuralHatchery Backyard birds like duck and hen arereliable source of livelihoods forultra poor and women headed fami-lies across globe. Although poultryhas seen high growth with broilerpoultry model but ultra poor had notbenefitted proportionately. Due tolimited capital and low risk bearingthey are still engaged in low cost in-digenous hen and duck farming.

However these birds have toinvest significant time on sitting andbrooding of chicks leading to overalllow egg production. If we comparetwo to three cycles of their incuba-tion, hatching and brooding time, itconsumes almost 30 to 35% theirtime , which if saved can enhanceproductivity of local hens to a signif-icantly high level (estimated 70%higher number of eggs can be pro-duced).

However most of hatchery presentday is too large and mainly focusedto single breed suited largely for ei-ther broiler farming or some coloredbird of local variety but limited in di-versity.

People’s choice of multiplyingtheir own best poultry breed or prog-eny of high yielding hen or duck isnot getting a place in this system.Breed like Aseel which is largelyused for local fighting and have highdefense capability did not find op-tions to be replicated in present largehatchery system. Such system alsohave constraints in serving remote

rural population and conserve localdiversity. As electricity supply is constraint inrural areas, The goat trust has beenworking on standardization of solarbased small hatchery of 500 egg ca-pacity in a cluster of poultry farmers(focus on ducks and hens both).

Hatchery is supposed to beleased to an entrepreneur who pro-vides rent based egg hatching andbrooding facility. As per model, duckor hen farmer can come with theirown choice of eggs and can takeaway ducklings on 28th day orchicks on 21st day. They have option

of getting brooded and vaccinatedducklings and chick as a broodinghouse is also operated along withhatchery.

As per estimation Rs 15 ischarged towards chicks, Rs 20 forducklings and brooding charge is Rs5 per day. An innovation of writingdate and details of eggs on egg shellhas been developed at The Goat Trustto identify chicks from particular eggand color band is used to identify

chicks under brooding condition. As for some of local breed of henused for fighting, farmers are readyto pay Rs 50 per chick; profit may geton higher side and can easily takecare of capital for replacement ofhatchery before 10 years. Entrepre-neur has also opportunity to work onadult chicks/ducks selling as comple-mentary business and can enhanceprofitability further.

Cost Item Cost Per batch cost

Hatchery machine with installation and solar unit

Rs 90000 Rs 1800 (assuming 50 batchcapacity)

Electricity bills & sanitation Rs 500 Rs 500

Repair & maintenance Rs 300 Rs 300

Total cost Rs 90800 Rs 2600

Estimated receipt through 400ducklings/chicks (80% hatching)@Rs 15

Rs 6000

Profit per batch Rs 3400

Annual profit assuming 5 batchin a year

Rs 17000

Cost economics of Hatchery cum brooding

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4campus

Like every month this month The Goat Trust wascenter of various activities from training, study tour,animal health camp, video show and different activ-ities of Bakari Bank. One of the main functions ofThe Goat Trust Centre is to provide a platform to or-ganize various activities in livestock management, atthe forefront of knowledge.

Under Bakari Bank varies activities were car-ried out. Health camp with help of community animalhealth center of the goat where deworming and treat-ment was done. In special refrence of training, Feb-ruary was the center of Pashu Sakhi Refreshertraining. Livestock sector plays a significant role in

the rural economy of India. Livestock represents theonly way in which the natural vegetation that coverslarge parts of India can be converted in to productsthat can be used by man. It provides drought power

and manure to the crop enterprise and this in turn pro-vides feed and fodder. Fortunately India is blessedwith a tremendous livestock wealth. Under BakariBank varies activities were carried out. Health camp

with help of community animal health center of thegoat where deworming and treatment was done.More then 18 video show programme was organizedby Bakari Bank. The impact of video show is verysignificant.Although Goat farmers are most oftenpoorer set of families, largely dominated by women,

no technology has been implemented to help them inprice assessment and dissemination of information topotential seller or buyer through use of InformationTechnology.

& Campus....

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5Cape of good Hope

A female farmer, Rita devi resi-dent of Mohammadpur villagein BKT block of Lucknow dis-trict, who has been doing tradi-tional farming, was inspired andmotivated by the The GoatTrust.

To support the family, Sheand her husband works but theywere still not able to make endsmeet. Her home is on a smallplot of land and she lacksenough space for conductingagricultural activities. Both ofthem are not so educated.Conse-quently she started a low costGoat Farming in his village. Ini-tially the farm was started withonly 1 Black bengal goat. Thisgoat was provided by The

Bakari Bank. Bakari Bank is thepart of program that is opera-tional in the area under guidanceof The Goat Trust.

Shared goat farming hadbeen a way of acquisition oflivestock related asset strategyin rural areas especially with so-cially and economically poorfamilies.

Goat farming had beenone such area where asset hadbeen most often acquired bypoor families through leased byresource rich person of same vil-

lage or near by village. Ritadevi is the client of BakariBank.The technical know-howon scientific goat rearing wasprovided by the The Goat Trust.She now has 6 goats and has be-come a good farmer.

The major income of thehousehold rely on the head ofthe family / husband who isworking as a daily labourer asthe family belong to landlesspoverty stricken background.But now a ray of hope for thefamily has been these crossedkids which will be a support ofincome for this family.

Rita’s family consists ofher husband, 2 sons & 2 daugh-ter in Mohammadpur village inthe Lucknow district just 12 kmfrom state capital and VidhanSabha. Rita says that goat farm-ing is difficult and the farmermust have an understanding ofgoat nutrition and care to ensurethey stay healthy and the busi-ness can thrive. She is promot-ing castration, advance pregnantgoat feed and some other man-agement practices.

She is hoping that thecommunity can further increaseits capacity through continuingto educate farmers on takingcare of their livestock.

A goat gives birth to 1 or 2kids every 6 months and it ispossible to grow the herdquickly. Goats are sold anytimeduring the next 24 months andfetch between INR 5,000 andINR 6,000 depending on theweight and demand better pricesare obtained during festivals.Now she and her family ishappy. She shares she will usethe extra money for the educa-tion of her children and for cel-ebrating festivals.From herbusiness, she is able to cover

house expenses, health needs,and education costs for her fam-ily as well as all the expenses offarming. "Starting a goat farm isa simple process if you do yourbusiness homework well," saysRita Devi.

She believe that commit-ment, training and skills devel-opment in agriculture &livestock, better use of local andknowledge resources, and fullsupport from her family werethe major factors of success.

If you have a dream, don’t just sit there

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6companion

Reliance Industries Limited (RIL),through Reliance Foundation, hassignificantly contributed to and mademeasurable progress toward its vi-sion of an inclusive India. Movingwell beyond its business activities,the RIL Group contributes to a posi-tive societal impact through diversecommunity engagement initiatives.

Led by Smt. Nita M Ambani,Reliance Foundation was set up in2010 to provide impetus to variousphilanthropic initiatives of RIL. Theefforts of the group have alreadytouched the lives of more than fourmillion people across India, in morethan 5,500 villages and urban loca-tions.

The Foundation has a compre-hensive development approach. Itsprime objective is to create and sup-port meaningful activities through in-novative institutions to address someof India’s most pressing develop-mental challenges. The Foundationlays significant emphasis on leverag-

ing technology for developmental so-lutions. Following its model of directengagement, the Foundation directlyreaches out to the affected communi-ties through trained professionals.

Over the years, RelianceFoundation’s initiatives have contin-ued to evolve, while remaining re-sponsive to the ever-changing needsof society. The Foundation is cur-rently focusing on creating change inareas of Rural Transformation,Health, Education, Sports for Devel-opment, Disaster Response, Arts,Culture & Heritage and Urban Re-newal.

To maximize its reach and im-prove outcomes, Reliance Founda-tion has also established strategicpartnerships with organizations thathave the technical expertise and ex-perience to

undertake various programmes in theidentified focus areas of operation.Reliance Foundation works towardenriching the lives of the marginal-ized communities of India. It en-hances livelihood opportunities andprovides relevant information to helpreduce risks for rural communities.

By deploying locally-relevantsolutions, it also enhances rurallivelihoods in agriculture, marinefisheries and other farm and non-farm based activities. The Founda-tion makes systematic efforts toimprove the quality and productivityof rural assets, leading to increasedand more reliable yields. This en-sures increased incomes and bettercapacities among the targeted mar-ginalized communities. RelianceFoundation believes that village in-stitutions are the most suitable plat-form to launch developmentalactivities. RF-BIJ promotes and or-ganises marginal farmers into VillageFarmer Associations (VFAs) for col-lective ownership, decision-makingand common welfare. These VFAsare owned and managed by its mem-bers to meet their aspirational goals.

A joint initiative of Reliance foundation & The Goat Trust

It was a good experience for us on small livestock. The CLM & Pashusakhi program envisions the development of a community cadre whichcan provide timely round the clock services to the goat rearers to curtailany outbreak of disease, bring down animal mortality and also ensuringthe adoption of sustainable goat rearing practices by them. RF is explor-ing new livelihoods opportunities & establishment of a community cadrein the selected rural areas through the training and implementation of TheCommunity Livestock Manager &Pashusakhi program with the technicalsupport from The Goat Trust, Lucknow. Virendra KumharProject OfficerReliance foundation

In this issue The Goat Trust had theopportunity to visit this unique live-stock market, a fair, in the Bid Live-stock Market.A goat haat observedrevealed that good quality of goatsare available in the area and being adrought year significant number ofgoat farmers have come to haat tosale their goats. However number ofpurchaser seem lower than sellers

and there seem a low price fetchedby farmer. A single farmer (alongwith his four brother) has brought 22goat kids of less than 3 months age(as early as 7 days before kiddedgoats) for sale in the market andprice quoted was significant low.Stress selling of goats was observedin the haat.

In spite of fact that area hasgood quality goats with high produc-tivity (10% of sample) , market inproportion has not developed. Mar-ket linkage for outside district goatsale seems low. It was evident thatarea is surplus in goat production aslocal demand and consumption ofmeat is low.

This weekly village market is

a social event for all the people inthis region. Number of neighbourhood farmersattend the livestock market. Themarket has been functioning since 2

decades. The total area of market is7 acre. It’s a big open ground, at theend of the village market where theweekly livestock market is set up.Market is a suitable place for smalllivestock, goat, sheep and some oth-ers cattle. In rainy season, overallbusiness is low.

It is so contradictory that fe-males play an important role in de-cision making regarding sale ofgoats and income generated throughsale of goats, as well as taking careof the animals but the presence of fe-males in market are less. Goats aretransported by bikes/cycles fromGoat farmers to stocking place orlocal haats. However outside trans-port is achieved by small truck. Fa-cilities like drinking water forhuman and animals, night shelter forgoats and traders, feed and shadeswere fond missing at haat place.

Close to haat place is dump-ing ground of city making it a breed-ing ground for flies and germs andmay be potential cause of diseases tolivestock. Haat has a vet to checkhealth of large livestock but unfor-tunately health check for small live-stock is absent. Around 20% goatsbrought in haat has sever health is-sues, this makes a case for spread ofdiseases and it has high chance thatlivestock trading place becomes adisease transmitting place in thearea.

Listen to livestock tradersBID Livestock Market

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7Market

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8Field Study Report

Munger -Goat based livelihoods mapping &constraint identificationMunger district lies in the eastern partof the state of Bihar. District consistsof 3 subdivision Munger sadar,Kharagpur and Tarapur Containing ,03statutory towns, 04 census towns, 09Blocks with 103 panchayats constitut-ing 858 villages. There are 324 unin-habited villages (out of 858 totalvillages) in the district of Munger.Munger is bounded on the north byKhagariya district on the south byLakhisarai district on the east by Bha-galpur district and on the west byJamui district.It is 53 Meters highfrom sea level. It lies between21”58’10" North Latitude and83"19’50" East Munger is the 26thdensely populated district in the statewith 964 persons per sq.km as againstthe State's 1,106. In terms of demo-graphic distribution, district has 13 %scheduled caste and 1.5% scheduledcaste. As per occupational division,11% population are reported as culti-vators and 46% as agriculture labour,Participation of women as agriculturallabour is reported as 59% against 42%of males, making trends higher for fe-male labour allocation to agriculture.As a total it is estimated over 57%population has agriculture and alliedas livelihoods source in the district.However over 39% population is re-ported to be engaged as other work,most probably high migration espe-cially of male from area has beentaken under other works. As opportu-nity for industrial and constructionemployment is low in the district,other activity engagement otherwisecan hardly fins correlations with fieldrealities. Rice, wheat, maize, gram,black gram, Bajara are major foodcrops grown in the project area alongwith sudan fodder for livestock in irri-gated land. A little over 60% targetfamilies (63% families) can be reachedwithin the village. 33%of familiesrearing Goats belongs to Schedulecaste families, Whereas 50% Otherbackward families are taking up Goatrearing. OBC has been 46% of totalcow rearing families and 27% sched-uled caste families. As data is not mu-tually exclusive (Goat rearing familiesare also engaged in cow rearing or viceversa, it is argued that these two ani-mals can be major focus of project in-terventions to strengthen livelihoods. If we integrate and correlate this live-stock holding pattern with land hold-ing average land holding (normally

have combined land of family) is 0.61Acre. Area has high preference forshared cropping and almost 62% re-spondent have taken land on sharedcropping or on lease ( a pre agreedamount of a particular crop is paid an-nually).

Almost 30% families in sur-veyed sample are landless howeverthey have accessed leased land. Inter-esting leased agriculture land is mar-ginally more than owned land ,signifying their high dependence onagriculture and inherent access to fod-der and agri by product through leas-ing system. Livestock rearing has been an integralpart of rural households in both theblock. It has been important to under-stand the purpose, motives and aspira-tions of the rearing families to be ableto weave support well with particularcontext. Local area largely have variant ofblack Bengal goats with significantvariation in productivity. Major objec-

tive and subjective assessment of localarea breed has shown following trend Major problem of breed if low milkyield which ca not sustain multiplekids born, reason lies on both low ge-netic potential As observed in the two visited clustersgoats had been inbred and quality ofgoats had gone down over the periodof time. There had been indiscriminatebreeding, this is reflected in color ofnew kids in many cases had been notonly different but has shown mosaicpattern of various colour and leastshining. Low quality goats have adversely af-fected gain from the goat farming.However quality of goats also has re-lation with existing management con-dition.

A long term plan (3 to 5 years)for breed improvement will be re-quired. Selective breeding could befirst step to improve average produc-tion of goats by improving genetic po-tential and management together. Project area has largely grazing basedgoat farming system. One of strongissue in the area is wastage of fodderas fodder chaffing was not observed ascommon and weeds are fed as wholeplant to goats, wherein lots of greenfodder gets wasted. Home feeding ofgoats varies with size of herd wherein1-2 goat owners feed some homemade food like breads or rice to goatsbut as such planned feed and fodderfor morning feed is not commonlypractisized.

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9social context

Many people are choosing to raisegoats as part of a sustainablelifestyle. If you're new to raisinggoats, understanding goat behaviorwill help you keep your herdhealthy and happy. Goat herds arehierarchical. Might rules, but sodoes nepotism. Sometimes youmay feel inclined to intervene inyour goats' bad behavior, but don'tdo it unless someone is gettinghurt. Here are some key players in agoat herd:

• Herd queen: Every goat herdhas a dominant female. She usu-ally leads the way and decideswhen to go out to pasture. She getsthe best sleeping spot, the primospot in front of the feeder and, ifshe is a dairy goat, she gets to bemilked first. If another goat tries tochange things, beware! The herdqueen won't like it.

The herd queen's kids areroyalty by birth. The herd queenlets them share in the best eatingspot next to her. She will defendthem if any other goats try to getthem out of the way.

The herd queen is responsi-ble for testing new plants to deter-mine whether they're edible andshe also stands off predators. Sheusually retains her position untilshe dies or until she becomes oldand infirm and another doe fightsand wins the position.

• Head buck: He is usually thebiggest and strongest (and oftenthe oldest) buck. Bucks also fightfor the top position but, like theherd queen, a buck retains his po-sition as head buck until he dies ora younger, more dominant buckchallenges him and wins.Here are some goat behaviors youshould understand:

• Biting: Goats sometimescommunicate by biting. Somedon't bite at all and others bite alot.

• Butting: Like biting, buttingserves a role in the goat world.Goats butt to bully others out oftheir way, to establish their placein the herd, as a form of play, or tofight, often during rut.Butting is one reason that keepinghorned and dehorned goats to-gether is unwise. The dehornedgoats are at a distinct disadvantageand can be seriously injured. The most common reason forbutting and biting is to establish aplace (as high as possible) in theherd. When you introduce a newgoat to the herd, the lower-statusgoats are usually the first to fight.They want to maintain or raise

theirposition in the herd.

• Mounting: Goat kids startmounting each other even whenthey'r only a few days old. Theyare practicing to be grownupgoats, but they're also attemptingto establish dominance. As theyget a little older, the mountingtakes on a sexual connotation.

Watch bucks during rut toensure that they're safe from eachother and to separate them whenthey aren't. You also need to makesure not to turn your back on abuck during this time because theyalso can be aggressive toward hu-mans.

What Is Normal Goat Behavior?

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11utfj;k

Hkkjrh; xzkeh.k i'kqikyu o fiNokM+k i{kh ikyuesa jlk;uksa vkSj flaFksfVd lkexzh dk de lsde mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ij nqHkkZX; ;g gSfd gekjs bl mRiknu O;oLFkk dh igpku bl:i esa ugha cu ikbZ gSA blds lkFk gh vcxzkeh.k Lrj ij Hkh jlk;uksa dk iz;ksx c

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12VSDuksykWth

lkSj ÅtkZ vk/kkfjr Yk?kq xzkeh.k gSpjhiwjh nqfu;k esa fiNokM+k cr[k o eqxhZikyuxjhc ifjokjksa ds thfodk dk l’kDr ek/;ejgk gSA lkFk gh ;g lPps vFkksZ a esa ,slsifjokjksa ds fy, iks”k.k dk eq[; Jksr Hkhjgk gSA bldh cM+h otg ;g gS fd blesatgka ykxr de gS ogha tksf[ke Hkh cgqr degSA

ysfdu ns’kh eqxhZ ikyu dh ,d cM+hleL;k de mRikndrk gSA vly esa ns’kh eqxhZ;k cr[k ikyu esa ns’kh eqxhZ ;k cr[k viukT;knkrj le; vaMs ij cSBus esa fcrkrh gSA;g le; yxHkx 30 ls 35 Qhlnh ds vklikl gSA vc ,sls esa ge bl le; dk lghfu;kstu djs o bl le; dks cpk ik,a rksvaMk mRiknu 70 Qhlnh c

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13dSEil

rks n xksV VªLV] y[kuÅ dSEil iwjs lky viuh lfdz; o lkFkZdxfrfof/k;ksa dk dsUnz cuk jgrk gS] ij ;gka vk;ksftr gksus okykizf’k{k.k dk gj l= izf’k{kqvksa vkSj dSEil ij dHkh u Hkqyk;k tkldus okyk vuwBk izHkko NksM+ tkrk gSA ekpZ ds efgus esa Hkh n xksVVªLV] y[kuÅ dSEil esa izf{kqvksa dk esyk lk yxk jgkAekpZ ekg i’kq l[kh fjQzs’kj dk dsUnz jgkA VªLV dh Vªsfuax dk

ek/;e Dykl :e ds vykok O;ogkfjd Kku ij vf/kd gSA 90feuV ds izSfDVdy esa [ksy] MkD;wesaVªh fQYe o igsyh o ifjppkZlfgr fujarj lgHkkfxrk ds ek/;e ls Ik’kqlf[k;ksa o lkeqnkf;d Ik’kq/ku

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dM+h gS ogha cdjh ikyd lewg dk;Z dh efydkuk gd ds fy, rS;kjo ftEesnkj gksuk vko';d gSA bu nksuksa dh lkef;d ewY;kadu o

xq.koRrk fu;a=.k vko';d gSA cdjh ikyu tutkfr o LFkkuh; fuokfl;ksa ds vkthfodk o

laLd`fr dk vge fgLLkk gSA cdjh o cdjs dk cfy o lkewfgd

vk;kstu vkfnoklh leqnk; ds ijaijkxr R;ksgkj o mRlo dk fgLlkjgk gS rFkk cdjh ikyu iks"k.k rFkk vk; nksuksa mn~ns'; ds fy, dk;Zdjrh gSA dSEil esa y?kq i’kqikyu ds lkFk gh cdjh ds fofHkUu ckbZ

izksMDV ij Hkh ppkZ gqbZA cdjh dk nw/k dbZ jksxksa ds mipkj esa dkevkrk gS rFkk bldk vkS’kf/kd egRo gSA olk ds d.k NksVs gksus dsdkj.k ;s lqikP; gS rFkk uotkr cPpksa ds isV dh chekjh es mi;ksxhfl) gq, gSaA blls ,ythZ Hkh ugh gksrh] flQZ blds O;ofLFkr cktkjdh laHkkouk,a ds fodkl dh vko';drk gSA

vkSj dSEil-----

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14mEehn

nks yM+dh o nks yM+dksa dh eka jhrk nsoh vktls dekscs’k lky Hkj igys dHkh brusvkRefo’okl ds lkFk ugha utj vkrh FkhaAifr vkSj muds }kjk dh xbZ etnwjh ls ?kjdk dke pyuk eqf’dy FkkA c

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15lkFk&lkFk

fjyk;al baMLVªht fyfeVsM¼vkjvkbZ,y½ fjyk;al QkmaMs'ku ds ek/;e ls,d lekos'kh Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, lrrizfrc) gSA vkjvkbZ,y lewg fofo/k leqnkf;digy ds tfj, ,d ldkjkRed lekftdgLr{ksi dj jgk gSA

Jherh uhrk eqds’k vackuh ds usr`Ro esafjyk;al QkmaMs'ku fjyk;al baMLVªht ds fofHkUuijksidkjh igy dks xfr çnku djus ds fy,2010 esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA vkt QkmaMs’kudh igqap lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa djhc 5]500 xkaoksavkSj 'kgjksa esa jg jgs yxHkx pkj yk[ktulewg rd gSA

fjyk;al QkmaMs'ku dk mn~ns’; O;kidfodkl ds lanHkZ esa ,d lkFkZd n`f"Vdks.k olekos’kh laHkkoukvksa dh ryk’k djuk gSA ,slsesa QkmaMs’ku vfHkuo laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e lslkFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa ds tfj, Hkkjr dh lclsvge fodklkRed pqukSfr;ksa esa ls dqN dkslacksf/kr dj jgk gSA

QkmaMs'ku fodkloknh eqn~nksa ds lek/kku

ds fy, çkS|ksfxdh iz;ksx ij egRoiw.kZ tksj nsjgk gSA bls rjg çR;{k o vizR;{k :Ik esa Qk-maMs’ku çf'kf{kr is'ksojksa ds ek/;e ls çHkkforleqnk;ksa dh ftanxh esa ,d Li”V o ldkjkRedifjn`’; dk l`tu dj jgk gSA

bu o"kksaZ esa] fjyk;al QkmaMs'ku vuojrlekftd cnyko dh vkdka{kk dk gelQj cukjgk gSA lHkh ds fy, ,d csgrj ftanxh dhlaHkkouk dh ryk’k QkmaMs’ku dk izeq[k ewY;gSA QkmaMs'ku orZeku esa xzkeh.k leqnk; dsthou esa ifjorZu ykus ds lkFk gh LokLF;]f'k{kk] [ksy] fodkl] vkink çca/ku] dyk]laLd`fr vkSj fojklr ds laj{k.k ds lkFk gh'kgjh uohdj.k ds fy, dke dj jgk gSA

fjyk;al QkmaMs'ku us Hkkjr tksM+ks dsuke ls NksVs fdlkuksa ds mRFkku ds fy, ,dvfHk;ku 'kq: fd;k gSA bldk mn~ns’; xzkeh.kvkSj 'kgjh bykdksa ds chp dh [kkbZ dks Hkjuk

gSA vly esa] fjyk;al QkmaMs'ku fdlkuksa dhcsgrjh ds fy, dk;ZØe pyk jgk gSA ftldsrgr iSnkokj ch ;k=k

fjyk;al QkmaMs’ku xzkeh.k vkthfodk Vhe xjhc vkSj NksVs fdlkuksa ds fy, cdjh vk/kkfjr xzkeh.kvkthfodk ds ekWMy ds fodkl ij dke dj jgs n xksV VªLV ds lg;ksx ls xzkeh.k thou Lrjesa ldkjkRed ifjorZu ds fy, lrr iz;Ru’khy gSA n xksV VªLV ds rduhfd lg;ksx ls lapkfyrIk’kql[kh ds Vªsfuax ds ek/;e ls QkmaMs’ku xzkeh.k {ks= esa jkstxkj dh ubZ laHkkouk,a ryk’k jgkgSA

n xksV VªLV Ik’kql[kh ds fpfdRlh; dkS’ky fodkl esa vewY; ;ksxnku ns jgk gSA QkmaMs’kubl ldkjkRed cnyko dk lk{kh gSA QkmaMs’ku us {ks= esa Ik’kql[kh ds ifjp; ds lkFk cdjh ikydifjokj ds eul esa vk, ldkjkRed cnyko dks djhc ls eglwl fd;k gSA fdlku Ik’kql[kh dksmudh lsokvksa ds fy, Hkqxrku dj jgsa gSa] ;g dsoy Ik’kql[kh ds vkfFkZd :i ls Lokoyach gkstkus dh ifj?kVuk ugha gS cfYd ;g bl ckr dk ladsr Hkh gS fd Ik’kql[kh us vius fpfdRlh;dkS’ky ls xzkeh.k lekt dk fo’okl Hkh Hkh gkfly dj fy;k gSA ;g fn[kkrk gS fd dSls ,d NksVsls izf’k{k.k ls gkf’k, ij jgus okyk ,d leqnk; ,d ewY;oku lalk/ku esa cny tkrk gSA

fojsUnz dqEgkjinkf/kdkjh] fjyk;al QkmaMs’ku] ’kgMksy

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16cktkj

bl vad esa ge vkidk ifjp; egkjk”V~ dsfcM ftys fLFkr i’kq cktkj ls djk jgsa gSaAeq[; :V ij gksus dh otg ls ;gka cdjhifjogu ds lk/kuksa dh deh ugha gSaA ;g cktkjn’kdksa ls yxkrkj gj lIrkg yx jgk gS fcykukxkA bl rjg ;s ;g gkV bl {ks= esa ikjaifjdfgLls dk vax gks x;k gSA ;gka eq[; :i lscdjh o cdjs dk gh O;olk; gksrk gSA ;gkaizfr cktkj ds fnu 500 ls 1500 cdfj;ksa dk

O;olk; gksrk gSA ;g lkIrkfgd cktkj gS tkscq/kokj dks yxrk gSA gkV dk le; lqcg 8 lsnsj ’kke 6 cts rd gksrk gS] ysfdu tkM+s dsfnuksa esa cktkj lqcg FkksM+s nsj ls ’kq: gks ikrkgSA

;gka ns’kh] mLekukcknh] xate] fljksgho CySd caxky uLy dh cdfj;ka fcdrh gSAgkV esa vkus okys O;olk;h ukxiqj] eqacbZ]Hkksiky ds lkFk gh ;wih o vkl&ikl ds HkhdqN ftyksa ds gksrs gSaA cjlkr ds fnuksa esa gkVdk O;olk; dqN izHkkfor gksrk gSA bl gkV lscdjh cjsyh o dksydkrk ds cktkjksa esa Hkh tkrhgSaA

;gka dzsrk o fodzsrk lHkh ls nl #i,

’kqYd fy, tkrs gSaAiwjs lky ;gka Ik’kq ikydksa o O;kikfj;ksa

dh pgy igy jgrh gSA exj cjlkr ds fnuksa

esa ;gka dk O;kikj FkksMk izHkkfor gks tkrk gS Aogha xehZ esa lwjt dh ped ds lkFk ;gka dsfctusl esa Hkh ped vk tkrh gSA gka] ;gka dh,d ckr vkSj] tks iwjs Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa Hkhlp gS ysfdu fujk’kkiw.kZ Hkh gS] oks gS bl gkVesa efgykvksa dh ux.; mifLFkfrA

;g cgqr gh foMacukiw.kZ gS fd xzkeh.k{ks= esa] cdjh i'kqikyu esa iq#”kksa dh vis{kkefgykvksa dk ;ksxnku dbZ xquk vf/kd gS ysfdudekscs’k gj txg cdjh dsfUnzr vFkZ’kkL= ijiq#”kksa dk izHkqRo gSA cktkj esa fL=;ksa dhmifLFkfr de gSA

ysfdu [kkldj cPpksa dh mifLFkfrbls vU; cktkjksa ls vf/kd thoar cuk nsrkgSA fiNys dbZ lkyksa ls ;gka iM+ jgs lw[ks dsckotwn ;gka csgrj uLy dh cdfj;ka fn[krhgSA bu cdfj;ksa dh mRikndrk fu%lansg cgqrcf

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17LVMh fjiksVZ

eqaxsj& cdjh vk/kkfjr vkthfodk dk ,d laf{kIr ifjp;eqaxsj 25.23 v{kka'k ,oa 86.26 ns'kkarj ijvofLFkr gSA pkoy] eDdk] xsagw] puk] tkS]ijoy] vke vkSj frygu ;gk¡ dh eq[;Qlysa gSaA bl {ks= esa ik;h tkusokyh CySd caxky uLyds eknk cPps djhc 8&10 ekg dh mez esao;Ld gks tkrs gSaA

xHkZorh cdfj;ksa dks xHkkZoLFkk ds vafreMsj dk nkuk feykus ls budk [kkukLokfn"V gks tkrk gSA cdfj;ksa ds jgus dsfy, lkQ&lqFkjh ,oa lw[kh txg dhvko';drk gksrh gSA

,d cdjh yxHkx Ms

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18lekftd lanHkZ

cgqr ls yksx viuh thfodk ds fy, cdjhikyu dks pqurs gSaA vxj cdjh ikyu esa u,gksa rks vkidks ;g tkuuk pkfg, fd fdlhlkekU; cdjh dk O;ogkj dSlk gksrk gSA ;gtkudkjh vkids cdjh ikyu esa mi;ksxh gksldrh gSA cdjh >qaM Hkh lkekU;r;k inkuqdzedk ikyu djrk gSAdbZ ckj muds cqjs O;ogkjdks ns[kdj vkidks mlesa gLr{ksi djus dk eudjsxkAvc cdjh ds >qaM ds dqN izeq[k f[kykfM+;ksa dhppkZ djsaxsA

>qaM dh jkuh& cdjh ds gj >qaM esa ,d ncaxeknk cdjh gksrh gSA vDlj og bl >qaM dkusr`ROk djrh gS vkSj >qaM dk jkLrk fn[kkrh gSAog pjkbZ ds {ks= dk Hkh fu.kZ; djrh gSA vDljns[kk tkrk gS fd >qaM ds lalk/kuksa ij og viukizHkqRo pkgrh gSA og csgrj vkSj vf/kd [kkusij dCtk djuk pkgrh gSA blh rjg lksus dsfy, Hkh og csgrj txg ijvf/kdkj djrh gSAvxj og nw/k nsus okyh cdjh gS rks og loZizFkeviuk nw/k nwgokuk pkgrh gSA vius blvf/kiR; dks pqukSrh nsos okyh cdjh ;k cdjsdks og >qaM esa ilan ugha djrh gSA >qaM dhjkuh ds cPpksa dks tUe ls jk;YVh feyh gksrhgSaA >qaM dh jkuh mUgsa lcls vPNk Hkkstu olksus dh txg muls lk>k djrh gSA jkuh dk;g Hkh nkf;Ro gS fd og fdlh u, ikS/ks ds[kk|rk dk Hkh fu.kZ; djs vkSj ;g ns[ks fd ogfo”kkDr rks ugh gSA og >qaM dh f’kdkfj;ksa lsHkh j{kk djrh gSA og rc rd >qaM dh jkuhgksus ds vius bl LFkku dks ugha NksM+rh tcrd fd og ej ;k cwqaM dk lclsvf/kd ’kfDr’kkyh vkSj cM+k cdjk gksrk gSAcdjs vDlj bl LFkku dks ikus ds fy, >xM+djrs gSa A blds vykok Hkh dqN lkekU; O;ogkjgSa ftls tkuuk pkfg,A

dbZ ckj cdfj;ka ,d nwljs dks eqag ls dkV djladsr ;k laokn djrh gSaA dqN ugha dkVrs ijvf/kdka’kr% cgqr vf/kd dkVrs gSaA

dkVus dh rjg gh ,d nwljs dks flag ekjuk Hkhcdfj;ksa dk ,d lkekU; y{k.k gSA dbZ ckj os,d nwljs dks gVkus ds fy, ,slk djrs gSa rksdbZ ckj mudk mn~ns’; izHkqRo tekuk Hkh gksrkgSA bl otg ls dbZ ckj cdfj;ksa dks cgqr cqjhrjg ls pksV Hkh yx tkrh gSaA flag ekjus dk,d izeq[k otg nwljksa dks vius jkLrs ls gVkukgksrk gSA

eseuscgqr de le; ;kuh dqN gh fnuksa esa ’kkjhfjd:i ls ;kSu fdz;k ds fy, rS;kj gksus yxrs gSaAdbZ ckj viuh o;Ldrk vkSj izHkqRo fn[kkus dsfy, Hkh oks ,slk djrs gSaA cdjh ikyu ,d O;olk; ds :i esa fuEu xq.kksads dkj.k izpfyr o mi;ksxh jgk gS&cdjh NksVk o lh/kk i'kqq gS vr% izca/ku esa vk-lkuh gksrh gS rFkk de txg dh vko';drkgksrh gSA

cdjh ikyu O;olk; esa de fuos'k dhvko';drk gksrh gSA LFkk;h fuos'k de gksus lsxjhc ifjokj de iw¡th yxkdj Hkh O;olk; 'kq:dj ldrk gSA cdjh de vUrjky ij ¼yxHkx6 eghus esa½ cPpksas dk tuu djrh gS rFkk ,dckj dk >q.M+ dkQh rsth ls c