AHU1 Presentation #1•“Taxation without representation”•Who fought the war?•Why was it said to be heard around the world? •Magna Carta and Parliament

AKA - __________________ The early period of the war saw localized action in

North America and began with __________________ loss at Fort Necessity.

A middle phase began with the declaration of war between ________and________, and touched off the first true world war also known to the British as the “Seven Years’ War”.

A final phase was highlighted by the British decision to concentrate on the North American phase of the conflict to protect their new interests and natural resources.

France Britain

French and Indian War

George Washington's

The investment of huge sums of money and innovative new military talent helped to provide the margin of victory for the Brits, but led to unexpected consequences that would become overwhelming.

Colonies began to grow and expand rapidly after the war. This rapid rate of growth

gave the Brits even worse problems. To help with the growth problem the government had to begin to …

War DebtTo help fund the

expense of the war the British government enacted the __________in 1765. Stamp Act

Restrict where the colonists could settle.

The settlement restrictions and taxes were not unreasonable requests, but still the colonists resented it. Why? ______________________. They were not consented

The taxes and restrictions meant some of the colonists would lose money (property rights) and freedoms (liberty). ________ called these sorts of rights __________and categorized them into (Life, liberty, and property )

John Lockenatural rights

John Locke: (1632-1704) An _______ political philosopher who based his philosophy on the idea of an imaginary situation called ________________ or a circumstance in which there is no government or rule

Modern Day examples

English

“a state of nature”

• United Nations

• Lord of the Flies

• International Laws, ex. International Atomic Energy Agency or IAEA

Locke’s version of Human NatureAccording to John Locke, God created man so

we are, in effect, God’s property…

Locke’s philosophy and his philosophical discoveries are often said to be the foundation that our government is built on. Inalienable Rights can not be taken or bartered/traded away!

“If God’s purpose for me on earth is my survival and that of my species, and the means to that survival are my life, health, liberty and property– then clearly I don’t want anyone to violate my rights to these things. Equally, considering other people, who are my natural equals, I should conclude that I should not violate their inalienable rights to life, liberty, health and property.” … - John Locke

John Locke believed that ALL people had three common needs __________________________. He called them Natural Rights. We call them, inalienable,

unalienable rights or more commonly ______________________.

He believed that people were born good, but had a tendency to become corrupted by ______. Governments controlled by the few would always fail

because they would make laws that would first protect them and theirs.

He believed people were basically reasonable, but could be strongly influenced by __________________ and this would eventually lead to an overthrow by the forgotten.

He believed a government would only be legitimate and stable if the people who are governed _______________to be ruled by it.

Civil Rights/Human Rights

Power

give their consent

personal self-interest

Life, Liberty, Health, Property

A group of American colonists who resented the regulation by King George the most called themselves the______________. They and the other Founder’s believed in Locke’s Natural Rights Philosophy.

“Sons of Liberty”

Sam Adams & John Hancock helped to organize the revolutionary rebels and worked to foment revolt that led to the riots and protests that brought on more restrictions, eventually leading to the_________________. Revolutionary War

In 1770 a snowball fight between the colonists and _____________ resulted in 5 people dying. Legal proceedings led

to the acquittal of the British Soldiers; a risky legal victory for John Adams the British soldiers’ lawyer…

The trial and the withdrawal of British troops after this event led to a lessening of tensions, for a while, but three years later Britain reenacted a tax called the________.

British soldiers

Tea Act

John Adams was the cousin of Sam Adams and his leadership was later recognized by the citizens of the United States by…

Electing him our 2nd President

In 1773 a protest led by ___________and the Sons of Liberty showed their resentment over the Tea Act and other measures took by the British.

A law made it unprofitable for merchants to buy their tea from anyone but the______.

Sam Adams

BritishSamuel Adams, and other Son’s of Liberty dumped tons of tea overboard the East India Tea Company’s ship.

After the Boston Tea Party the British government responded by enacting the Intolerable Acts or the ______________ these acts striped the colonists of the little power they had by granting more to the ______________ who was answerable to the ____________.

Coercive Acts

“royal governor”

King George III

Once again the colony of Massachusetts was occupied by British Troops and the Son’s of Liberty greatly resented this.

The Rebel ResponseTwelve of the thirteen

state assemblies known as the _________________ in some joined together in 1774 to send representatives to ____________ to decide on the best response to the British actions for imposing these “intolerable acts”

Philadelphia

House of Burgesses

This new unsanctioned assembly was called the First Continental Congress.

“Shot Heard Around the World” rang out on April 19, 1775 and started the Revolutionary War at __________. Where the British soldiers and the ___________ clashed for the first time. ___________ went down in

history as the man who rode through the countryside warning people that the British were coming.

LexingtonMinutemen

Paul Revere

The shot was heard around the world because the actions of the colonists were so grave and had implications all over the world. Why?

The people where basically done with the talking and wanted action. ____________was chosen as Commander and Chief and Navy was commissioned.

The pamphlet called ________________was circulated in January of 1776. Soon after the patriots realized there was no way to solve their problems peacefully…

Washington

Common Sense

“Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one”. Thomas Paine

During the Continental Congress in 1776 ______________led the draft of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence accused the King of England,____________, of

several violations, some of which found their way into the U.S. Constitution under the Bill of Rights.

Jefferson believed this list of violations justified their actions to his fellow __________, ______________________, ____________________________.

Also during these meetings the Continental Congress began work on the _____________________, our first failed constitution. The first constitution renounced the Brits power over the colonists and declared the

colonies independent. The document identified sovereignty with the ________ not with the ______________ as did the British.

It failed because the power they did relinquish was given to the disorganized states instead of a strong Federal Government.

Thomas Jefferson

Articles of Confederation

people

King George

“Americans” The King & Parliament and the rest of the world/Allies

Parliament/king

“We hold these Truths to be self-evident that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain _________________, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness - That to secure these Rights; Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the __________of the governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to ________________ it, and to institute new Government…”

Declaration of Independence, 1776

Consent

unalienable Rights

alter or to abolish

Washington led a surprise attack across the Delaware River into New Jersey on Christmas night, December 25, 1776 it is popularly known as the ________________. His forces won victories

against German troops called_________, at Trenton and then moved on against British regulars at the Battle of Princeton.

“The Crossing”

Hessians

These were minor triumphs but they had a startling effect on American_______ , which improved dramatically and changed the coarse of the war.

morale

Yorktown was the definitive battle of the 8 year Revolutionary War. __________________ led the

American Troops.________________

surrendered his huge army to the American and French allies on October 19, 1781.

Treaty of Paris was signed by all parties on September 3, 1783 officially ending the war.

Lord Cornwallis

George Washington

Marquis de Lafayette gained a prominent place in the war's list of heroes with his actions that helped to finally corner the British forces.

Magna Carta and Parliament

Declaration of Independence

Articles of ConfederationThe ConstitutionThe Bill of Rights

Rule of Law Freedom to Act over freedom

from want.