UAVs as Communications Routing UAVs as Communications Routing Nodes in NetworkNodes in Network--Centric Warfare Centric Warfare
Peter RigstadPeter RigstadLL--3 Communications Systems 3 Communications Systems –– WestWest
Salt Lake City, UtahSalt Lake City, UtahEmail: peter.m.rigstad@LEmail: [email protected]
Unmanned Unmanned Systems Systems
2003 2003 SymposiumSymposium
& & ExhibitionExhibition
July 15July 15--17, 2003 17, 2003 Baltimore Convention Baltimore Convention
Center Center
AUVSIAUVSI’’ss
2
AgendaAgenda
•• IntroductionIntroduction•• Common Data LinkCommon Data Link•• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles as
Communications NodesCommunications Nodes•• Data Network ProtocolsData Network Protocols•• Managing the UAV Platform in an Managing the UAV Platform in an
Autonomous, SelfAutonomous, Self--Healing NetworkHealing Network•• SummarySummary
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LL--3 Communications Systems3 Communications Systems--WestWest
•• High speed wireless data High speed wireless data linkslinks
•• High bandwidth and robust High bandwidth and robust operation in hostile operation in hostile environmentsenvironments
•• Enabling fast decision Enabling fast decision loopsloops
•• Multiplying force Multiplying force effectivenesseffectiveness
•• Data links become Data links become increasingly valuableincreasingly valuable
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Linking Sensors and ShootersLinking Sensors and Shooters
Sensor grid
Information grid
Shooter grid
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Network Centric WarfareNetwork Centric Warfare
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AA--CDLCDL
CDL/TCDLCDL/TCDL
U.S. AIR FORCE
SESE--CDLCDL
Evolving CDL SpecificationsEvolving CDL Specifications
MPMP--CDLCDL
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CDL InteroperabilityCDL Interoperability
CDLCDL
CDLCDL
Air ForceAir Force
NavyNavyArmyArmy
•• Jam ResistantJam Resistant•• Covert (LPI & LPD)Covert (LPI & LPD)•• Reliable and EffectiveReliable and Effective
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Simple Point to Point Data LinkSimple Point to Point Data Link
ExploitationExploitationSurfaceSATCOMSurface
SATCOMAir-to-Satellite-to-Surface
waveformAir-to-Satellite-to-Surface
waveform
AirborneSATCOM Data Link
AirborneSATCOM Data LinkSensor
Airborne Line-of-Sight
Data Link
Airborne Line-of-Sight
Data Link
Air-to-Groundwaveform
Air-to-Groundwaveform
SurfaceData LinkSurface
Data LinkCommand
and ControlCmd and Control
Direct flight maneuver control
Direct flight maneuver control
Sensor Data
Sensor Data
Sensor Data
Sensor Data
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CDL CDL –– Data Links to Data NetworksData Links to Data Networks
Layer 7Application
Layer 6Presentation
Layer 5Session
Layer 4Transport
Layer 3Network
Layer 2Data Link
Layer 1Physical
EncodersInterleavers
MuxingSpreadingBit Timing
Link MarginsTracking
Bulk EncryptionModulation
AGC
Legacy CDL:Legacy CDL:Government Standard Government Standard
Waveforms for Wideband Waveforms for Wideband Point to Point Data Links Point to Point Data Links
Layer 7Application
Layer 6Presentation
Layer 5Session
Layer 4Transport
Layer 3Network
Layer 2Data Link
Layer 1Physical
Standard DataFormats
SNMP SystemControl
IP Mobility
TCP/UDP
NetworkSecurity
NetworkManager
IP Routing
Ethernet User IF
ATM User IF
High SpeedSwitching
CDL (2001):CDL (2001):Government Standard Waveforms Government Standard Waveforms
and Protocols for Wideband and Protocols for Wideband Network Centric Communication Network Centric Communication
SystemsSystems
The information contained herein is generally accessible or avaiThe information contained herein is generally accessible or available to the public as described in the ITAR lable to the public as described in the ITAR 22CFR 120.11.22CFR 120.11.
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Data Links to Data NetworksData Links to Data NetworksPh
ysic
al
Laye
rD
ata
Link
La
yer
RF MediaMod/Demod
CodingMuxing/IntLegacy IF
Use
r
Dat
a Li
nkC
ontr
olEF
C/E
FD
RF MediaMod/Demod
CodingMuxing/IntLegacy IF
Dat
a Li
nkC
ontr
olEF
C/E
FD
Use
r
Surface SideAirborne Side
Physical Layer
Data Link Layer
Application Layer
Transport LayerNetwork Layer
RF Media
NetworkFraming
IP
USE
R D
ATA
TR
AFF
ICEFC/EFD
IP
UDP
SNMP
User Side Mobile Node
RF Media
EFC/EFD
IP
RF Media
Network FramingLayer 2 Switching
IP InteroperabilityLayer 3 Mobile Routing
EFC/EFD
IP
UDPUDP
SNMP v1-3
Migration
Open Systems Interconnect Reference ModelSupporting a DoD Network-Centric Transformational Communications Strategy
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UAV RelayUAV Relay
Data rates range from Data rates range from 2 Mbps to 1Gbps2 Mbps to 1Gbps
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UAV RelayUAV Relay
Data RelayData Relay
Communications Trunk
Communications TrunkLow power radio relayLow power radio relay
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UAV RelayUAV Relay
Low power radio relayLow power radio relayDirectDirect
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UAV as Surrogate SatelliteUAV as Surrogate Satellite
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UAV Communications BridgeUAV Communications Bridge
•• Deep reconnaissance missionsDeep reconnaissance missions•• Supports dissimilar radiosSupports dissimilar radios•• Provides line of sight extensionsProvides line of sight extensions
RadioType 1
NetworkRouter
Voiceover IP
Gateway
RadioType 2
Voiceover IP
Gateway
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UAV BroadcastingUAV Broadcasting
Broadcasting with a high Broadcasting with a high powered transmitterpowered transmitter
Situational Situational awareness awareness datadata
Video Video BroadcastBroadcast
Interactive Interactive conferenceconference
ManpackManpack
Audi
o re
turn
link
Audi
o re
turn
link
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•• Remote network equipment or payload Remote network equipment or payload sensor management and monitoringsensor management and monitoring
•• Can implement standard user control Can implement standard user control interfaces such as HP OpenViewinterfaces such as HP OpenView
•• In flight maintenance actions from In flight maintenance actions from anywhere on the networkanywhere on the network
Networking UAV PayloadsNetworking UAV Payloads
:Camera:Camera>Start>Start
NetworkNetworkInterface andInterface and
RoutingRoutingData LinkData LinkTerminalTerminal
NetworkNetworkManagementManagement
Cleared for Public Domain Release by Directorate for Freedom of Cleared for Public Domain Release by Directorate for Freedom of Information and Information and Security Review (DFOISR) 00Security Review (DFOISR) 00--SS--16031603
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RF Media Access ManagerRF Media Access Manager
•• Relative node position calculationsRelative node position calculations•• Antenna pointing Antenna pointing •• Channel assignmentsChannel assignments•• Handles a hostile environment recognizing Handles a hostile environment recognizing
jamming and physical assaultjamming and physical assault•• Link outage managementLink outage management•• Topology ManagementTopology Management•• Quick ConvergenceQuick Convergence
U.S. AIR FORCE
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Complementary LayersComplementary Layers
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Emerging NCW TechnologiesEmerging NCW Technologies
•• Software Programmable Data LinksSoftware Programmable Data Links•• MultiMulti--beam Antennasbeam Antennas•• Smaller, Lighter Communications EquipmentSmaller, Lighter Communications Equipment•• Lower Power ConsumptionLower Power Consumption•• More Secure CommunicationsMore Secure Communications•• Easier to Manage LinksEasier to Manage Links•• Self Healing NetworksSelf Healing Networks•• Automatic Network Discovery with Automatic Network Discovery with
AuthenticationAuthentication•• Seamless RoamingSeamless Roaming•• Constant ConnectivityConstant Connectivity
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SummarySummary
•• UAVs UAVs –– ISR & C PlatformsISR & C Platforms
•• Move the switching and routing backbone Move the switching and routing backbone into the skyinto the sky–– FlexibleFlexible–– ReliableReliable–– DurableDurable–– ManageableManageable
•• Easier to deployEasier to deploy•• Connects widely dispersed forcesConnects widely dispersed forces•• Covers fastCovers fast--paced operationspaced operations•• No ground backbone to maneuverNo ground backbone to maneuver
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Backup SlidesBackup Slides
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Physical
Presentation
Physical
Control Plane Control Plane
Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Data Link
Network
Data Plane
Application(SNMP)
Application(SNMP)
UAV as a GatewayUAV as a Gateway
Could be a different waveform Could be a different waveform (frequency and/or modulation) (frequency and/or modulation)
Can be different Can be different Protocols / Frame Protocols / Frame TypesTypes
Enables Enables communications communications between different between different networksnetworks
•• Provides an interface Provides an interface between IP networks and between IP networks and legacy systemslegacy systems•• Reformat nonReformat non--network data network data into IP data flowsinto IP data flows•• Necessary to support Necessary to support gradual introduction and gradual introduction and evolution strategy evolution strategy
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Notional Communications GatewayNotional Communications Gateway
•• Provide Interoperability between Provide Interoperability between Tactical & ISR SystemsTactical & ISR Systems
MPMP--CDLCDL
U.S. AIR FORCE
•• Software Programmable Software Programmable Implementation Implementation
JTIDSJTIDS
WDLWDL
TTNTTTNT
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Physical
Presentation
Physical
Control Plane Control Plane
Presentation
Session Session
Transport Transport
Data Link
Network
Data Plane
Application(SNMP)
Application(SNMP)
UAV as a RouterUAV as a Router
text
Can be different Can be different Protocols / Frame Protocols / Frame TypesTypes
Enables Enables communications communications between different between different networksnetworks
•• UAV provides highUAV provides high--speed IP speed IP routing across multiple links routing across multiple links and multiple channels, and is and multiple channels, and is an enabler for building larger an enabler for building larger wireless radio networks wireless radio networks between dissimilar networksbetween dissimilar networks•• Manages Data FlowManages Data Flow
U.S. AIR FORCE
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