Ubuntu Desktop Course - Hoc Ubuntu 7.10 (Tiếng Việt) - Smith.N Studio

8/3/2019 Ubuntu Desktop Course - Hoc Ubuntu 7.10 (Ting Vit) - Smith.N Studio

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Hc Ubuntu 7.10 phin bn Desktop 1 / 407

Hc Ubuntu 7.10 phin bn Desktop

Giao din ting Anh

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Hc Ubuntu 7.10 phin bn Desktop2 / 407

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Mc lc

1 Tng quan v kho hc 4

1.1 i tng ca kho hc v cc yu cu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.2 Yu cu dnh cho hc vin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3 K hoch lm vic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Gii thiu v Ubuntu 8

2.1 Ni v M ngun m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2 Phn mm t do, M ngun m v Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2.1 Phn mm t do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2.2 M ngun m v Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Ni v Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3.1 Cam kt ca Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.3.2 Cc phin bn Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.3.3 Cc d n khc bt ngun t Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.3.4 S pht trin ca Ubuntu v cng ng Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.4 Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows: Nhng khc bit c bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.4.1 Ci t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.4.2 Cc ng dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.5 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

3 Tm hiu mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu 23

3.1 Cc thnh phn trn mi trng lm vic GNOME . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

3.2 Thay i ngn ng mc nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

3.3 To ti khon ngi dng v Chuyn nhanh ngi dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

3.4 Thm bt cc ng dng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

3.5 Hiu ng giao din ho- Compiz Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

3.6 Cng c tm kim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3.7 Tng kt bi hc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.8 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.9 Thc hnh trn my . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

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5.5.2 Cc thao tc v c bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

5.6 S dng OpenOffice.org Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

5.6.1 Cc tnh nng chnh ca OpenOffice.org Math . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

5.6.2 To v sa cng thc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

5.7 Cc ng dng khc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5.7.1 K ton vi GnuCash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5.7.2 Scribus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

5.7.3 Evince . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

5.8 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5.9 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

5.10 Thc hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

6 Tr chi trn Ubuntu 187

6.1 Ci tr chi trn Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

6.1.1 Ci t tr chi t kho phn mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

6.2 Chi cc tr chi trn Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

6.2.1 Chi Frozen-Bubble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

6.2.2 Chi PlanetPenguin Racer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

6.3 Chi cc tr chi khc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

6.3.1 Ci t Wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

6.3.2 Chi mt tr chi ca Microsoft Windows trn Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

6.4 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

6.5 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

6.6 Lab Exercise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

7 Tu bin mi trng lm vic v cc ng dng 201

7.1 Gii thiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

7.2 Tu bin mi trng lm vic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

7.2.1 Thay nh nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

7.2.2 Tu chnh sc thi giao din (Nt & biu tng...) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209

7.2.3 Ty chnh bo v mn hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

7.2.4 Tu chnh phn gii mn hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2187.3 Hiu ng 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

7.4 X l cc tp tin vi Nautilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

7.4.1 Cc tnh nng ca Nautilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

7.4.2 Trnh qun l tp tin Nautilus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

7.5 Cc trnh qun l gi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

7.5.1 Phn loi cc trnh qun l gi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225

7.6 Dng Add/Remove Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226

7.7 S dng Synaptic Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233

7.8 Ci t mt gi phn mm n l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2427.8.1 Ci v g b cc gi Debian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

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7.9 Cc kho phn mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

7.9.1 Cc hng mc phn mm trong kho Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

7.10 Thm thit lp ngn ng mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

7.11 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

7.12 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

7.13 Thc hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

8 Cc thao tc trn nh 253

8.1 Gii thiu cc ng dng ho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

8.2 Xem nh bng gThumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

8.2.1 Xem nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

8.2.2 Xo mt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260

8.3 GIMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

8.4 Qun l nh bng F-Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

8.4.1 Nhp nh trong F-Spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

8.4.2 Xem nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

8.4.3 T chc nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

8.5 V vi Inkscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

8.5.1 Ci Inkscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

8.5.2 To cc nh vector bng Inkscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278

8.6 S dng my qut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

8.6.1 Kim tra tnh tng thch ca my qut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

8.6.2 Qut nh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

8.7 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

8.8 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

8.9 Thc hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

9 Pht nhc v phim 283

9.1 Hn ch php l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

9.2 Nghe nhc trn Ubuntu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

9.2.1 Pht nhc bng Rhythmbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

9.3 Nghe v trch xut cc a CD m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2939.3.1 Nghe CD m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

9.3.2 Trch xut CD m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

9.4 Ghi a CD m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

9.5 Pht cc nh dng c s hu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

9.6 Dng my iPod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

9.6.1 Nghe nhc trn iPod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

9.7 To v sa cc tp tin m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

9.7.1 To cc tp tin m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

9.7.2 Bin tp m thanh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3189.8 Pht a DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

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9.8.1 Pht DVD trong Totem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326

9.8.2 Sao lu cc a DVD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

9.9 Nghe nhc v xem phim trc tuyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

9.9.1 Xem video trong trnh duyt web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

9.10 Bin tp video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

9.10.1 Bin tp video bng Pitivi video editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343

9.11 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351

9.12 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

9.13 Thc hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

10 H tr s dng Ubuntu 355

10.1 Gii thiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355

10.2 Ti liu h thng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356

10.3 Cc ti liu trc tuyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35710.4 Cng ng h tr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

10.4.1 Hm th chung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361

10.4.2 Din n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

10.4.3 Cc knh IRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

10.4.4 LoCo Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

10.4.5 Wiki ca Ubuntu Team . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

10.5 Launchpad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

10.5.1 Gii p k thut trn Launchpad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

10.5.2 Tnh nng theo di li ca Launchpad: Malone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

10.5.3 Shipit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382

10.6 Fridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

10.7 Cc dch v thng mi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

10.7.1 Dch v H tr Chuyn nghip t Canonical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

10.7.2 Canonical Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

10.8 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388

10.9 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389

11 Phn vng v khi ng 390

11.1 Phn vng l g? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390

11.2 To mt phn vng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

11.2.1 ci t GParted bng Synaptic Package Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393

11.2.2 Phn vng cng vi Gparted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

11.3 Cc tu chn khi khi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

11.3.1 T ng chy mt lnh h thng trong qu trnh khi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

11.3.2 Thay i h iu hnh mc nh khi khi ng my . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405

11.3.3 Cu hnh cc dch v khi ng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

11.4 Tng kt bi ging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406

11.5 Cu hi n tp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40711.6 Thc hnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

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Chng 1

Tng quan v kho hc

Mc ch ca kho hc

Ubuntu l mt h iu hnh Linux do cng ng pht trin,c cung cp min ph, v hot ng tt trn cc my tnh xch tay, my bnthm ch c cc my ch. Kho hc ny nhm hng dn ngi mi dng Ubuntu cch dng cc ng dng chnh, bao gm cc ng dng vnphng, kt ni v duyt Internet, cc cng c x l ho, cng nh nghe nhc v xem phim, c th l trn Ubuntu phin bn 7.10. Sau khihon tt kho hc, bn c th:

Hiu r cc khi nim v m ngun m, v lin h gia m ngun m vi Ubuntu

S khc bit cng nh nhng u im khi dng Ubuntu lm H iu hnh trn my bn

Tu bin giao din ca mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu

Duyt v tm kim cc tp tin trong h thng

Kt ni v s dng Internet

Mt s thao tc x l vn bn v bng tnh c bn trn OpenOffice.org

Ci t v chi cc tr chi

Thm, xo v cp nht cc gi phn mm thng qua cc trnh qun l gi

Xem, v, x l v qut nh vi Ubuntu

Xem, hiu chnh v t chc cc tp tin video v nhc s

Cc ngun thng tin tr gip v Ubuntu, thng mi cng nh phi thng mi

Phn vng cng v ci nhiu h iu hnh song song

1.1 i tng ca kho hc v cc yu cu

Kho hc gip ngi dng thng thng cng nh ngi dng chuyn su thc hnh cch dng Ubuntu. Hc vin khng cn c kin thc ttrc v Ubuntu, tuy nhin hc vin cng cn bit cc thao tc my tnh c bn. Ubuntu 7.10 phi c ci t ln cng trc khi bt ukho hc.

Kho hc Ubuntu 7.10 c chia lm nhiu phn, v thng thng ko di trong vng 2 ngy. Trong mt s trng hp c bit, ta c th dnhton b 1 bui hc cp n mt s ni dung cn thit, lin quan n mc tiu ca kho hc.

Cc ti liu tham kho v bi tp c th c ly t gi ubuntu-desktop-course-resources. Gi mi nht c th c ly t canonical-trainingPPA (Personal Package Archive) trn Launchpad: https://launchpad.net/~canonical-training/+archive.

1.2 Yu cu dnh cho hc vin

Hc vin phi n ng gi v li cho ti khi gii tn lp. Bo cho ging vin nu n mun.

Tch cc tham gia tho lun trong lp. Ngay c vi mt s ch rt quen thuc vi mt s ngi, vic chia s kinh nghim l rt c chcho nhng ngi khc.

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in thoi di ng ch rung.

hon thin dn kho hc, hc vin hy gi cc kin ca mnh v kho hc. Tt c hc vin phi in y form nh gi vo cui buihc.

Xin cung cp cc phn hi ti: [email protected].

1.3 K hoch lm vic

Bng sau lit k cc ni dung cn cp, cng nh thi gian cho php. xem chi tit hn v phn phi thi gian cho lp hc, ging vin cnxem phn bi ging.

Ni dung Thi lng (pht)NGY 1Gii thiu v kho hc 20Gii thiu v Ubuntu 60Th no l M ngun m

Phn mm t do, M ngun m v LinuxNi v UbuntuCc phn loi phn mm v cc kho phn mmSo snh gia Ubuntu v Microsoft WindowsTng kt bi gingThc hnh

Tm hiu mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu 75Cc thnh phn ca mi trng lm vic GNOMEThay i ngn ng mc nhTo Ti khon ngi dng mi v i nhanh ngi dngThm/Xo cc ng dngHiu ng ho - Compiz FusionB tm kimTng kt bi gingThc hnh

S dng Internet 100Kt ni v s dng InternetDuyt Webc tin

Gi v nhn E-mailTin nhn nhanhGi in thoi bng SoftphoneTruy cp vo B c tinn tpThc hnhSmit

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S dng b cng c vn phng OpenOffice 180Gii thiu OpenOffice.orgS dng OpenOffice.org WriterS dng OpenOffice.org Calc

S dng OpenOffice.org ImpressS dng OpenOffice.org DrawS dng OpenOffice.org MathCc ng dng b trTng kt bi gingn tpThc hnh

Tr chi trong Ubuntu 40Ci t cc tr chi trong Ubuntu

Chi cc tr chi ca UbuntuChi cc tr chi ph thng khcTng kt bi gingThc hnh

Ni dung Thi lng (pht) khng tnh thc hnhNGY 2Tu bin mi trng lm vic v cc ng dng 80Gii thiuTu bin mi trng lm vicHiu ng 3DLm vic vi cc tp tin trong h thng bng NautilusCc trnh qun l giDng Thm/bt ng dngDng Trnh qun l gi SynapticCi t ring mt gi phn mmCc kho phn mmCi thm cc thit lp ngn ngTng kt bi gingn tpThc hnh

Lm vic hiu qu vi Hnh nh 60Gii thiu cc ng dng hoXem nh vi gThumbX l nh vi GIMPQun l nh vi F-SpotV vi InkscapeDng my qutTng kt bi gingn tpThc hnh

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Pht nhc v phim 60Hn ch v php l

Pht cc tp tin m thanhPht v trch xut CD m thanhGhi CD m thanhPht cc nh dng m thanh c s huDng iPodTo v chnh sa cc tp tin m thanhS dng DVDXem phim hoc nghe nhc trc tuynX l VideoTng kt bi gingn tpThc hnh

Ubuntu: Tr gip 60Gii thiuCc ngun thng tin tr gip min phTi liu h thng

Ti liu trc tuynCng ng h trLaunchpadFridgeCc dch v h tr thng miTng kt bi gingn tp

Phn vng cng v cc tu chn khi ng 60Phn vng cng l g?To mt phn vngTu chn khi khi ngTng kt bi gingn tpThc hnhTng kt kho hc

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Chng 2

Gii thiu v Ubuntu

Trng tm

Trong bi ny, bn s hc:

Cc khi nim c bn v m ngun m

Mi lin h gia Phn mm T do, M ngun m v Linux

Ubuntu gn lin vi m ngun m nh th no

Ubuntu c pht trin nh th no

Cc phin bn ca Ubuntu

S khc bit c bn gia Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows

2.1 Ni v M ngun mUbuntu l mt h iu hnh m ngun m da trn Linux. Thut ng m ngun m c dng ch mt phn mm c pht hnh kmtheo m ngun to ra n, cho ngi dng c th s dng, sa i, hon thin n m khng phi lo lng v cc gii hn php l. Phn mmngun m cho php ngi dng phn phi li, ti to, sa i ni dung ph hp vi yu cu cng vic ng thi ci tin phn mm. Linuxv cc phn mm ngun m tri qua rt nhiu giai on pht trin c c tm c nh ngy nay.

T tng trong vic phn phi m ngun km theo chng trnh l nhm khuyn khch s hp tc lm vic v nhng ng gp tnh nguyntrong vic sa li, ci tin phn mm, pht trin thm cc chc nng mi v chia s thng tin gia mi ngi.

Nh c s hp tc lm vic ca rt nhiu lp trnh vin, cng nh s ng gp ca nhng ngi tnh nguyn, phn mm n vi ngi dngngy cng hon thin v mt cht lng v tr nn tt hn cc phn mm s hu tng ng. Ngi dng c khuyn khch tu bin chngtrnh theo nhu cu ca bn thn, v y thc s l mt t tng tt p.

Cc d n m ngun m huy ng c ti nng ca rt nhiu ngi, vi rt nhiu cc k nng khc nhau, ngoi k nng lp trnh. Rt nhiud n phn mm ngun m c xy dng nh cc ho s, nhc s, nh thit k giao din ngi dng v nhng ngi bin son ti liu, nh to ra mt sn phm hon chnh.

2.2 Phn mm t do, M ngun m v Linux

Ngi ta hay nhm ln gia m ngun m, phn mm t do v Linux. C 3 khi nim ny u lin quan mt thit n nhau, nhng chng honton l 3 khi nim khc nhau. Ta d dng phn bit c chng nu bit qua v qu trnh ra i ca 3 khi nim ny.

2.2.1 Phn mm t do

Trong nhng nm 1960, cc phn mm thng c phn phi t do bi cc cng ty nh IBM hoc c chia s gia ngi dng vi nhau.Phn mm c coi l cng c i km phn cng m cc cng ty ny sn xut ra. Phn mm c cung cp km theo m ngun c th sa

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i v ci tin; y chnh l ht ging u tin cho phn mm ngun m. Tuy nhin, theo thi gian, cc thit b phn cng tr nn r hn v linhun ca cc cng ty gim xung trong nhng nm 1970 khin cc nh sn xut bt u coi phn mm l sn phm kinh doanh.

Vo thng 9 nm 1983, Richard Matthew Stallman, lp trnh vin ca phng th nghim MIT Artificial Intelligence sng lp ra d n GNU to ra mt h iu hnh min ph ging nh UNIX. Stallman quan tm ti s pht trin nhanh chng ca cc phn mm s hu v vic ngidng khng c kh nng xem v sa li cc chng trnh nm trn my h. Nhng nh pht trin phn mm cng b hn ch, v iu ny tri

ngc vi s t do v m ngun c trc . Bng vic sng lp d n GNU, Stallman pht ng phong tro Phn mm T do v ti thng10 nm 1985, ng lp ra T chc Phn mm T do.

Stallman t nn mng cho nh ngha v nhng tnh cht ca m ngun m, cng nh khi nim v copyleft. ng l tc gi chnh ca mts giy php copyleft, bao gm GNU General Public License (GPL), giy php phn mm t do c dng rng ri nht hin nay.

Bn c bit? xem thm thng tin v Richard Stallman v d n GNU, hy truy cp ti a ch sau: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-Richard_stallman

Trong nm 1991, mt s cng c GNU, bao gm trnh bin dch GNU (GCC), c to ra. Tuy nhin, mt nhn min ph vn cha ra i,nn vic xy dng mt h iu hnh t do s dng cc cng c ny vn cha thc hin c.

2.2.2 M ngun m v Linux

S khc bit gia phn mm t do v m ngun m l, phn mm t do ch mt hin tng x hi, trong khi m ngun m ch mt phngphp pht trin phn mm. Linux thc ra ch l mt nhn h iu hnh chng trnh lun c thc thi t khi my tnh c m ti khi ttmy hay chnh l xng sng ca kin trc ngun m.

Thng 8 nm 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds, mt sinh vin nm th 2 trng H Helsinki, Phn Lan, tip xc vi Minix.

Hnh 2.1: Linus Benedict Torvalds

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Bn c bit?Minix l mt h iu hnh ging UNIX, nhng c m ngun m, c gio s Andrew S. Tanenbaum vit ra vi mc ch dysinh vin ca mnh v cc tin trnh bn trong mt h iu hnh.

Thit k ban u ca Linux ging nh Minix, v Linus Torvalds c th chy n trn my tnh ca mnh. Gia thng 9 nm , Torvalds phthnh nhn Linux u tin, mang s hiu 0.01. Trong nm 1994, nhn Linux phin bn 1.0 c pht hnh theo giy php GNU GPL. Phnnhn min ph v cc cng c GNU to ra mt mi trng thch hp cho nhng lp trnh vin nhit huyt. Ging nh UNIX, Linux ban uch cung cp mt giao din dng lnh cho ngi dng; ch t sau khi h thng X Window System ra i, Linux c thm giao din ho ngidng (Graphical User Interface GUI).

Bn c bit?Linux khng thuc s hu ca c nhn hay cng ty no, ngay c Linus Torvalds, ngi bt u Linux. Tuy nhin, Torvalds vnlin quan rt nhiu n qu trnh pht trin phn nhn v ng cng s hu thng hiu Linux.

M ngun m ca Linux:

Mi ngi u c th ly v v xem c n.

Tu theo nhu cu c nhn v nn phn cng, mi ngi u c th ci tin hoc tu bin phn nhn Linux cho ph hp.

Mi ngi u c th phn phi li n trong dng gc, hoc dng sa i

Ban u, Linux c coi l (v c dng nh) mt cng c lp trnh m ngun m rt phc tp, li cng. Hng ngn nh pht trin phn mm ng gp vo thnh cng ca n, v Linux pht trin thnh rt nhiu phin bn thng mi cng nh phi thng mi, gip ngi dng sdng cc ng dng ph bin hng ngy.

Nm 1998, Jon "maddog" Hall, Larry Augustin, Eric S. Raymond, Bruce Perens sng lp t chc Pht trin Ngun m. H nh hngcc phn mm ngun m ra ngoi nn tng k thut ban u.

Hnh 2.2: Nhng ngi sng lp ra t chc Pht trin Ngun m

Phn mm ngun m v dot.com bng n trong nhng nm cui thp nin 1990, khin cho Linux c truyn b rng ri, v xut hin rt nhiucc cng ty lm vic cng m ngun m nh Corel (Corel Linux), Sun Microsystems (OpenOffice.org) v IBM (OpenAFS). Trong nhng nmu th k 21, khi dot.com ln ti nh im, m ngun m ng v tr chc chn thay th cc phn mm s hu t tin c chc nngtng t. Sc mnh ca m ngun m c tng cng khi cc phn mm d dng v thn thin ra i.

V nh vy, ci ban u ch l tng tr thnh mt phong tro cch mng gii phng ngi dng khi nhng lut l v giy php nghimngt trong cng nghip. Vi gi thnh r hn ng k v cc tnh nng s dng ngy cng c ci tin, Linux tr thnh gii php phn mmcho cc doanh nghip cng nh c nhn.

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2.3 Ni v Ubuntu

Ubuntu l mt h iu hnh da trn Linux, do cng ng pht trin, v rt ph hp cho my tnh xch tay, my tnh bn, thm ch l ccmy ch. Ubuntu bao gm tt c cc ng dng m bn cn bao gm mt trnh duyt web, b trnh chiu, x l ti liu vn bn v bng tnh,

chng trnh gi tin nhn nhanh v nhiu nhiu phn mm na.

Bn c bit?Ubuntu l mt t gc Chu Phi, c ngha l Con ngi hng n con ngi, hoc l Ti l ti v tt c chng ta u th.

Lch s ca Ubuntu bt u t thng 4 nm 2004 khi Mark Shuttleworth lp ra mt nhm pht trin pht trin m ngun m to ra mt hiu hnh Linux mi.

Hnh 2.3: Mark Shuttleworth

Ubuntu pht hnh nh k, da trn nn tng Debian v mi trng lm vic GNOME, v t tng t do, nhm ny bt u cng vic ttrang web http://no-name-yet.com.

Sau hn 3 nm, Ubuntu c h tr bi mt cng ng pht trin c ti hn 12,000 thnh vin, v s ngi dng c tnh ln ti hn 8 triu(tnh ti thng 6 nm 2007).

2.3.1 Cam kt ca Ubuntu

Ubuntu cng nh cc bn cp nht bo mt v cc phin bn dnh cho doanh nghip s lun lun min ph.

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Ubuntu lun c cung cp dch v h tr thng mi t cng ty Canonical v hng trm cng ty khc trn khp th gii.

Ubuntu c tt c cc bn dch cng nh ngun tr gip m cng ng phn mm t do cung cp.

Ubuntu CD ch cha cc phn mm t do; Ubuntu khuyn khch bn dng cc phn mm t do v m ngun m, ci tin chng v cung cpchng cho ngi khc.

2.3.2 Cc phin bn Ubuntu

Trong thng 10 nm 2004, Ubuntu pht hnh phin bn u tin. Mt phin bn mi ca Ubuntu c pht hnh nh k 6 thng 1 ln v vicnng cp ln phin bn mi hon ton min ph. Ngi dng c khuyn khch nng cp ln phin bn mi c th s dng cc tnh nngmi nht m ng dng cung cp. Cc phin bn Ubuntu c t tn theo dng Y.MM (tn), trong Y tng ng vi nm pht hnh, v MMtng ng vi thng pht hnh. Tn trong ngoc l tn hiu c t cho phin bn trc khi pht hnh chnh thc.

Mi phin bn Ubuntu thng thng c h tr trong vng 18 thng; Cc phin bn H tr di hn - Long Term Support (LTS) c h trtrong vng 3 nm i vi my tnh bn v 5 nm i vi my ch.

Hnh 2.4: Cc phin bn ca Ubuntu

Tm tt cc phin bn pht hnh:

Ubuntu 4.10 (Warty Warthog)Ubuntu 4.10 c pht hnh vo thng 10 nm 2004.

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Bn c bit?Sounder l tn ca cng ng chy th Ubuntu phin bn 4.10. Hm th chung Sounder tip tc hot ng n ngy nay,nh mt din n trao i cho cng ng. Phin bn ny c h tr ti thng 4 nm 2006.

Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)Ubuntu 5.04 l phin bn pht hnh th 2, vo thng 4 nm 2005. Phin bn ny c h tr ti thng 10 nm 2006.

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)Ubuntu 5.10 l phin bn pht hnh th 3, vo thng 10 nm 2005. c h tr ti thng 4 nm 2007.

Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Dapper Drake)Ubuntu 6.06 LTS l bn pht hnh th 4 ca Ubuntu v l bn H tr di hn u tin; n c pht hnh vo thng 6 nm 2006. Phin bnH tr di hn c m bo h tr trong 3 nm i vi my tnh bn v 5 nm i vi my ch. Tt c cc phin bn khc ch c htr 18 thng cho c my bn v my ch. Vic h tr di hn nh vy cho php trin khai h thng Ubuntu quy m ln. i vi my tnh bn, phin bn ny c h tr ti thng 6 nm 2009, v vi my ch l thng 6 nm 2011.

Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft)Ubuntu 6.10 l bn pht hnh th 5, vo thng 10 nm 2006. Phin bn ny c qu trnh khi ng c ti u ho. N c h tr ti thng4 nm 2007.

Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn)Ubuntu 7.04 pht hnh trong thng 4 nm 2007. Phin bn ny c c nhng ci tin rt ln trong tc v mng. N c h tr ti thng 10nm 2008.

Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon)Ln pht hnh th 7 ca Ubuntu, thng 10 nm 2007. Tnh nng ni tri ca phin bn ny l cc hiu ng ho mc nh, chc nngchuyn ngi dng nhanh i vi cc my c nhiu ngi s dng, chc nng t ng nhn my in, tnh nng tm kim nhanh tp tin. Nc h tr ti thng 4 nm 2009.

Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)Phin bn th 8 ca Ubuntu s ra i vo thng 4 nm 2008 v y l phin bn H tr di hn th 2 ca Ubuntu. My tnh bn s ch tr ti thng 4 nm 2011; My ch s c h tr ti thng 4 nm 2013.

2.3.3 Cc d n khc bt ngun t Ubuntu

Ubuntu c chia thnh nhiu phin bn khc nhau, nh Ubuntu, Edubuntu, Kubuntu v Xubuntu. Edubuntu l bn phn phi da trn Ubuntu,nhng ch trng ti cc ng dng phc v cng tc gio dc. Kubuntu l bn phn phi khc s dng mi trng lm vic KDE thay vGNOME. Xubuntu s dng mi trng lm vic XFCE, vn nh gn hn GNOME hay KDE, v rt ph hp vi cc my tnh cu hnh thphay yu cu tc cao.

2.3.4 S pht trin ca Ubuntu v cng ng Ubuntu

Ubuntu l mt d n lin kt gia cc thnh vin trong cng ng ngi dng Ubuntu trn khp th gii, vi s ti tr ca cng ty Canonical.T khi ra i vo nm 2004, nh c s ng gp ca hng nghn ngi tham gia vo cng ng, Ubuntu ngy cng pht trin ln mnh hn. Ccon m c hon thin dn, cng vi giao din ho cng nh ngn ng ngy cng c h tr tt hn. Qu trnh pht trin ca Ubuntuhon ton m i vi mi ngi, d l chuyn gia my tnh hay ngi mi dng. Ubuntu lun khuyn khch mi ngi tham gia vo vic citin n.

Lm sao tham gia vo vic pht trin Ubuntu?

Cng ng Ubuntu bao gm rt nhiu c nhn v nhm lm vic trn nhng lnh vc khc nhau. Nu bn l nh lp trnh, bn c th tham giavo vic pht trin h li, vit cc ng dng mi, ng gi cc phn mm mi hoc sa li cho chng. Nu bn lm trong lnh vc ngh thut,hy ng gp bng cch thit k sc thi giao din ho hoc m thanh mi cho Ubuntu. Bn cng c th tham gia t vn trc tuyn, vit tiliu, bin son cc t liu ging dy, tham gia vo din n v hm th chung ca Ubuntu. C rt nhiu cch bn tham gia vo cng ngny!

Lnh vc pht trin phn mm

Phn ny bao gm cc nh pht trin phn mm chu trch nhim to v ng gi phn mm, sa li cng nh duy tr h li ca Ubuntu. Hchu trch nhim m bo rng Ubuntu c mt h thng phn mm y v hot ng sun s, n nh. Cch hay nht bt u tham gia

vo lnh vc ny l bn th ng gi phn mm, tham gia vo MOTU xem thm https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU/GettingStarted bit thngtin chi tit.

SmithNguy

enStudio.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU/GettingStartedhttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU/GettingStarted


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ng gp tng

Nu bn c nhng tng mi l cho Ubuntu, d rng bn khng cn trin khai tng , hy ng gp n cho chng ti. Xin gi ntihttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/IdeaPool.

Dn k thut

Nu bn c mt s kin thc k thut nht nh, bn c th ng gp cho cng ng bng nhng cch sau:

Chy th cc phin bn Ubuntu tm v sa li trc khi pht hnh chnh thc.

Bo li v gip nhm pht trin tm nguyn nhn gy ra li .

Hiu chnh v phn loi cc li gp sp xp chng trc khi chng c sa.

Tham gia vo hm th chung hoc hm th h tr ca Ubuntu.

Tham gia vo din n Ubuntu v tr li cc cu hi ca ngi dng mi.

Tham gia vo knh IRC h tr ca Ubuntu.

Ngi dng thng thng

Mc d khng phi l dn k thut, bn vn c th gip cho cng ng bng cc cch sau:

Thit k giao din

Dch phn mm v ti liu

Bin son ti liu

Chia s Ubuntu vi mi ngi

V vic bin son gio trnh ny

Mt nhim v ca Canonical (Canonical bo tr cho Ubuntu) l cho php trin khai rng ri Ubuntu trn tht nhiu my tnh trn khp th gii.Vic hun luyn ngi dng c coi l trng tm ca nhim v ny, v gio trnh ny ra i vi mc ch cng nhn cc chuyn gia vUbuntu, gip cc i tc trin khai Ubuntu v nhng ngi dng thng thng c th s dng Ubuntu hiu qu nht c th. Thng tin chi titv cc kho hc Ubuntu v chng ch, xin xem thm ti http://www.ubuntu.com/training.

Ging nh s pht trin ca chnh phn mm, gio trnh ny cng c nhng thnh vin tch cc trong cng ng ci tin v pht trin. Chnh

cng ng ngi dng t ra ni dung v cu trc ca ti liu ging dy, bng cch xc nh c nhng yu cu t pha ngi dng; hcng h tr Canonical v nhng ngi bin son bn ngoi trong vic pht trin ni dung v sa li. Thng tin chi tit v cng ng Ging dyUbuntu, xin xem http://wiki.ubuntu.com/Training.

Ton b qu trnh pht trin ni dung ging dy cng tun theo tinh thn Ubuntu v cc thng l m ngun m ra.

2.4 Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows: Nhng khc bit c bn

M ngun m khc bit so vi m hnh phn mm s hu mt s im sau:

Khuyn khch s thay i ci tin phn mm.

Da trn c s m hnh kinh doanh dch v i km thay v kinh doanh thng qua ph bn quyn v giy php s dng. S dng c sc mnh tng hp t s hp tc a phng v ng gp cng ng, thay v cc cng trnh do mt nhm nh nhng nh pht

trin to ra.

Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows c rt nhiu im khc bit. Cc yu t nh gi thnh, phin bn, tnh bo mt, mm do v linh hot s cgii thiu di y.

Ta s cp chi tit n cc mc lit k bng trn:

Gi thnh i km: Microsoft Windows l mt h iu hnh s hu v gi thnh ca n tng ln khi bn mun thm chc nng cng nh ngdng mi. Gi thnh i km tng ln mi khi bn phi mua cc ng dng ca nh cung cp khc, ngoi Microsoft ci t ln my. Cn viUbuntu, cc phn mm ng dng v phin bn mi pht hnh u hon ton min ph.

Pht hnh phin bn mi: Lun ch c 1 bn Ubuntu mi pht hnh v do , tnh nng cung cp cho mi ngi dng u nh nhau. So snhvi Windows, phin bn Home v Professional hon ton khc bit. V d, Microsoft Windows Professional c nhiu tnh nng bo mt hn l

phin bn Home.

SmithNguy

enStudio.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/IdeaPoolhttp://www.ubuntu.com/traininghttp://www.ubuntu.com/traininghttp://wiki.ubuntu.com/Traininghttp://wiki.ubuntu.com/Traininghttp://wiki.ubuntu.com/Traininghttp://www.ubuntu.com/traininghttps://wiki.ubuntu.com/IdeaPool


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Attribute Ubuntu Microsoft Windows

Gi thnh sn phm Khng mt ph bn quyn Thu ph i vi mi c nhn v (c

th) i vi t chc

Phin bn pht hnh

Cng mt s tnh nng v phin bni vi c ngi dng thng thng

ln chuyn gia

Pht hnh phin bn mi nh k 6thng

Kh nng bo mt ca phin bnProfessional cao hn phin bn

Home

K hoch pht hnh phin bn mikhng c cng b

Mc bo mt

Kho quyn qun tr

t b tn cng bi cc phn mm gyhi v virus

D dng thc hin cc tnh nngqun tr

Thng xuyn b tn cng bi phnmm gy hi v virus

Mc tu bin

D dng thit k v chnh sa theo mnh

C th chy nhiu mi trng lmvic song song

H iu hnh c chun ho, rtt tu chn chnh sa theo mnh

Khi mun ci t thm ng dng,ngi dng phi tr thm tin

Lu tr d liu

Rt d dng nng cp hoc hcp h thng

D liu ca mi ngi dng clu ti th mc chnh ca h

D dng sao chp hoc sao lu c d

liu v cu hnh ti mt my khc

D liu ngi dng c t tinhiu v tr khc nhau

Rt kh sao lu hoc sao chp sangmy khc

Bng 2.1: c tnhSmithNguy

enStudio.


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Ubuntu c pht hnh phin bn mi mi 6 thng do vy ngi dng lun c c nhng phn mm ng dng mi nht. Vic nng cp tphin bn ny sang phin bn k tip cng hon ton min ph v c h tr y . Microsoft khng thng xuyn pht hnh phin bnWindows mi v vic cng khng c cng khai rng ri nh Ubuntu.

Vn bo mt: Ubuntu rt t b dnh malware v viruses. Cc tc v qun tr ch c thc hin bi ngi dng root, nhng theo mc nhngi dng ny c kho li. Trong khi , Microsoft Windows cung cp mi trng lm vic trong mi ngi u c th thc hin c

cc tc v qun tr mt cch trc tip.

Hnh 2.5: Ubuntu Security

Kh nng tu bin: Trong kho hc ny, bn s thy rng Ubuntu hon ton thuc v bn v bn c th tu bin n theo mnh. Bn c th cit nhiu mi trng lm vic khc nhau, nh Kubuntu (KDE) chy song song vi Ubuntu (GNOME) v la chn mi trng lm vic mnhmun dng mi khi bt my. Hn 17000 lun c sn trn mng bn ti v v ci t. Kt qu l, nu khng va vi h thng hin ti, bnlun c quyn laj chn mt h thng khc thch hp hn.

Microsoft Windows l mt h iu hnh chun vi mt s t tu chn bn chnh li theo mnh. Mc d c nhiu ng dng vit choWindows, nhng hu ht chng u l cc sn phm s hu v yu cu bn tr tin c th s dng.

Hnh 2.6: Tu bin mi trng lm vic

Lu tr d liu: D liu ca ngi dng thng c sp xp ti rt nhiu v tr trn Microsoft Windows, vic ny lm cho thao tc di chuynd liu sang my khc tr nn bt tin. Vi Ubuntu, cc thng tin c nhn ca bn c lu li trong th mc chnh ca bn. Bn ch vic chpli ton b th mc ny v ghi ln my khc di chuyn hoc sao lu d liu c nhn.

2.4.1 Ci t


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Ci t Ubuntu Microsoft Windows

Ci t h iu hnh

C th ti v min ph t trnInternet hoc yu cu gi CD minph

C th chy trc tip ch live-CD

Yu cu mua

H iu hnh nht nh phi cci ln cng

Ci t phn mm

Rt nhiu ng dng c cung cpmc nh

Tt c cc ng dng u min ph vc th ti v v ci t t Internet.

Rt t phn mm c ci t mcnh

Ngi dng c th mua v ti vmt s phn mm t Internet, mts khc ch c th c ci t thcng.

Bng 2.2: Cc im khc bit khi ci t

Ci t: C Microsoft Windows v Ubuntu u pht hnh di dng ci t sn trn my tnh. Tuy nhin, ta c th ti Ubuntu t Internethoc yu cu CD ci t min ph, trong khi bt c phin bn Microsoft Windows no cng yu cu ngi dng tr tin.

Ubuntu chy c ch live-CD, cho php bn s dng n trc khi ci t vo cng. Bn c th xem th xem mnh c thch n haykhng trc khi quyt nh ci t. Nu bn khng thch, hy chuyn n cho bn b mnh. Ch Live-CD cn c dng trong vic phchi h thng.

Qu trnh ci t Microsoft Windows v Ubuntu u rt d dng v bt u bng vic khi ng t CD ci t. Qu trnh ci t ca chngnhanh hay chm s tu thuc vo cu hnh my tnh bn c, trung bnh l t 20 - 30 pht.

Ci t phn mm: Ta c th ci thm cc phn mm ln Ubuntu thng qua Add/Remove Application v Synaptic Package Manager.Add/Remove Application cho php ta tm ton b cc ng dng min ph Ubuntu khuyn dng v ci t v my. Trn Microsoft Windows,cc chng trnh u c phng thc ci t ring. Microsoft Vista c tnh nng Digital Locker cho php ngi dng mua phn mm quamng v ti v thng qua phng thc bo mt ring.

Hnh 2.7: Ci t cc phn mm ng dng


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2.4.2 Cc ng dng

Bng di y so snh cc ng dng chy trn Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows:

ng dng Ubuntu Microsoft Windows

Trnh duyt Web v E-mail Trnh duyt web Firefox

Qun l th in t vi Evolution

Trnh duyt Internet Explorer

Qun l th in t vi Outlook

X l vn bn B ng dng vn phng

OpenOffice.org Chng trnh WordPad

Truyn thng a phng tin

Mt s chng trnh x l videov m thanh, nh Sound Juicer,Rythmbox, Serpentine, MoviePlayer v Sound Recorder

Microsoft Windows Media Player11 (WMP) v Microsoft WindowsMedia Center (WMC)

Qun l v hiu chnh nh Trnh qun l nh F-Spot

B x l nh Gimp

ng dng Picture Gallery

Paint

Bng 2.3: So snh cc ng dng

Ta s cp n tng mc trong bng trn mt cch chi tit:

Duyt web v th in t

Vic ci t mng trn c Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows u rt d dng. Cc tnh nng duyt web tng i ging nhau trn c 2 h iu hnh.

Mozilla Firefox c dng lm trnh duyt mc nh trn Ubuntu, v Internet Explorer c chn mc nh trn Vista. Bn cng c th ci tFirefox trn Microsoft Windows.

Evolution l chng trnh xem v qun l th in t mc nh trn Ubuntu. N h tr cc giao thc POP v IMAP, rt thun tin cho cc hmth kiu UNIX v Exchange thng qua Outlook Web Access. Evolution cn c c mt Trnh qun l Thng tin c nhn (Personal InformationManager (PIM)) v b qun l lch lm vic cng nh cuc hn trong ngy ca bn. ng dng Microsoft Windows Mail trong Vista l mtphin bn c vit li ca Outlook Express, thm vo ng dng qun l lch lm vic, Microsoft Windows Calendar. Bn phi nng cp trnhOutlook nu dng trnh qun l lch lm vic thng xuyn, hoc bn cn trnh qun l thng tin c nhn. Nhng ngi dng Ubuntu hon tontho mn vi chng trnh duyt th in t v qun l lch lm vic Evolution.


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Hnh 2.8: Duyt th in t v qun l lch lm vic vi Evolution

X l vn bn: B ng dng vn phng OpenOffice.org c ci t sn trn Ubuntu c rt nhiu tnh nng tng ng vi b Microsoft

Office trn Windows. Tuy nhin, vi Windows Vista, ch c chng trnh WordPad c ci t t trc; nu mun dng bn y caMicrosoft Word (hay Office), bn s phi mt thm tin mua bn quyn.


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Hnh 2.9: OpenOffice.org Writer

Truyn thoong a phng tin: Mt s chng trnh pht nhc v phim c tch hp sn trn Ubuntu, nh Sound Juicer, Rythmbox,

Serpentine, Movie Player v Sound Recorder. Sound Juicer l ng dng pht CD m thanh mc nh. Nu bn cm mt my iPod vo Ubuntu,Rhythmbox s sp xp cc tp tin m thanh trong v to ra danh sch pht cho bn. Tnh nng ny tng t nh trong Microsoft WindowsMedia Player. Bn c th dng Serpentine ghi a CD m thanh.

pht nh dng m thanh mp3 trn Ubuntu, bn phi ci t mt b m ho mp3. Ubuntu khng c tch hp b m ho mp3 v l do bnquyn. Vic pht li cc tp tin mp3 c ci t mc nh trong mt s phin bn Microsoft Windows.

Vista c 2 chng trnh truyn thng a phng tin l Windows Media Player 11 (WMP) v Windows Media Center (WMC). WMP rt phhp trong vic pht li nhc, v WMC thng c chy khi bn dng my tnh lm h thng gii tr chnh. WMP c th cha th vin m nhcrt ln. Vi h thng tm kim thng qua ch mc trn WMP, bn c th tm kim tp tin m thanh mun pht da trn tiu chun v ca s trnhby hoc tn bi ht.

Qun l v X l nh: ng dng Picture Gallery trn Microsoft Vista cho php bn thm thng tin ph ch cho nh v ti chng ln mngInternet. Bn cng c th sp xp phn loi cc tm hnh mt cch nhanh chng nh c thng tin ph ch c th c thm vo bng vi lnbm chut. Trn Ubuntu, trnh F-Spot gip bn qun l cc tm nh c trn my mnh. N tch hp tt vi cc c s d liu nh da trn nn

Web, nh Flickr v Picasa Web.Ubuntu cn c cng c Gimp hiu nh v x l hnh nh. y l mt cng c rt mnh, ngang vi Adobe Photoshop. Microsoft WindowsVista ch cung cp cho bn ng dng Paint, vn ch c mt s chc nng x l hnh nh c bn.


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Hnh 2.10: GIMP

2.5 Tng kt bi ging

Trong bi ny, bn tm hiu v:

Cc khi nim c bn v m ngun m

Mi lin h gia Phn mm t do, M ngun m v Linux

Ubuntu gn lin vi m ngun m nh th no

Ubuntu c pht trin nh th no

Cc phin bn Ubuntu

So snh gia Ubuntu v Microsoft Windows

2.6 Cu hi n tp

Cu hi 1

ngha ca thut ng phn mm t do l g?

Cu hi 2

Ubuntu cam kt nhng g?

Cu hi 3

So khp cc phin bn Ubuntu vi thi gian pht hnh ca chng.

1) 7.04 a) Thng 6 nm 20062) 4.10 b) Thng 10 nm 20073) 6.06 c) Thng 4 nm 20074) 7.10 d) Thng 10 nm 2004

Cu hi 4

Lit k ba cch m nhng ngi dng thng thng c th tham gia ng gp cho s pht trin ca Ubuntu.

Cu hi 5


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Trnh duyt web mc nh m Ubuntu s dng l _________________.

Cu hi 6

Trnh xem v qun l th in t mc nh trn Ubuntu l __________________.

Cu hi 7

Li ch ca vic Ubuntu pht hnh nh k 6 thng 1 ln?


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Chng 3

Tm hiu mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu

Trng tm

Trong phn ny, bn s hc v:

Mi trng lm vic GNOME trn Ubuntu

Lm cch no chuyn i ngn ng mc nh

Lm sao to mt ti khon ngi dng mi v chuyn i nhanh gia cc ti khon ngi dng

Thm v bt cc ng dng nh th no

Hiu ng 3D

Cng c tm kim trn Ubuntu

Phn ny ng vai tr mt bi tng quan v mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu. Trong cc bi sau, cc thng tin chi tit s c cp ti.

3.1 Cc thnh phn trn mi trng lm vic GNOME

GNOME

Mi trng lm vic GNOME c chn lm mi trng lm vic mc nh cho Ubuntu 7.10. GNOME (GNU Network Object ModelEnvironment) l mt mi trng lm vicgiao din ho ngi dng trong h thng my tnhhon chnh c rt nhiu ngi trn thgii xy dng, hon ton da trn cc phn mm t do. GNOME bao gm khung pht trin phn mm ngi dng c th vit mi cc ngdng trn n, cc tin ch la chn v chy cc ng dng, cng nh x l cc tp tin v qun l tc v trong h thng. Cc thnh vin cacng ng trn khp th gii ng gp cc bn dch v cc tin ch cho mi trng GNOME n h tr rt nhiu ngn ng khc nhau.(Tham kho: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME)

Cc thnh phn chnh trong mi trng lm vic trn Ubuntu 7.10

Khi bt my tnh, mn hnh u tin Ubuntu hin th l mn hnh ng nhp bn g tn ngi dng v mt khu. Mn hnh xut hin sau l mn hnh mi trng lm vic ca Ubuntu. Khng ging nh cc h iu hnh khc, Ubuntu c sn mt mn hnh nn mc nh trngkhng, khng c biu tng no c.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOMEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME


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Hnh 3.1: Mn hnh nn mc nh ca Ubuntu

Bn c th sp xp cc biu tng nv tp tin ln mn hnh nn d dng m hoc truy cp vo th mc hay dng n. Nu mt a CD, cng hay cc thit b bn ngoi c kt ni ti my tnh ca bn, Ubuntu s hin th biu tng ca n bn d dng truy cp vo ni dungbn trong cc thit b .


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Hnh 3.2: Cc biu tng trn mn hnh nn

Trn mn hnh lm vic, c 2 thanh ngang nm bn trn v bn di, c gi l bng.


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Hnh 3.3: Cc thanh ngang trn mn hnh lm vic

C 3 trnh n chnh nm bn tri ca thanh ngang nm trn: Applications, Places v System.

Applications: Cc trnh n ny cha tt c cc ng dng c ci t vo trong my bn, nh cc tr chi, trnh pht nhc v phim, trnhduyt web v xem th in t.

Hnh 3.4: Trnh n Application


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Places: Trnh n ny cho php bn d dng truy cp vo th mc chnh ca mnh, cc thit b bn ngoi v cc v tr trn mng ni b mmy tnh bn c kt ni.

Hnh 3.5: Trnh n Places

Ch :Th mc chnh Home c to ra cho mi ngi dng, v t ng ly theo tn ngi dng. Th mc ny cha tt c cctp tin dnh cho ngi dng. Trong mt h thng c nhiu ngi dng, d liu c nhn ca mi ngi dng s c lutrong th mc Home ca h.

System: Trnh n ny cho php bn thay i cc thit lp h thng cho my mnh. Bn c th truy cp vo h thng tr gip ca Ubuntu vtt my thng qua trnh n ny.


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Hnh 3.6: Trnh n System

C 3 biu tng li tt mc nh bn cnh cc trnh n trn thanh bn trn mn hnh nn: Mozilla Firefox, Evolution v Help. Bn c th tora cc phm tt khc ti cc ng dng trong h thng trn vng ny chy chng nhanh hn.

Hnh 3.7: Cc biu tng li tt

thm cc biu tng li tt ln trn thanh, bn:

1. Bm chut phi ln vng trng trn thanh ngang bn trn v chn Add to Panel. Hp thoi Add to Panel xut hin.

Hnh 3.8: Thm mt biu tng li tt

2. Hp thoi Add to Panel lit k tt c cc ng dng c trong h thng. Chn mt ng dng v nhn Add thm n vo vng trng trnthanh ngang. Nu bn mun chy cc chng trnh nm trong trnh n Applications, hy nhn Application Launcher.

Ch :Ngoi cch ny, bn cn c th dng thao tc ko th, ko mt biu tng trong hp thoi Add to Panel v th n lntrn thanh ngang to li tt cho ng dng .


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Hnh 3.9: Thm Application Launchers

3. Cc ng dng c nhm li theo tng hng mc tng t nh trong trnh n Applications s xut hin. Bn chn mt ng dng trongdanh sch v nhn Add.


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Hnh 3.10: Chn ng dng

Biu tng ca ng dng c chn s xut hin trong vng trng ca thanh ngang bn trn.


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Hnh 3.11: Thm Application Launcher

Bn c th thay i v tr ca biu tng mi to bng cch bm phi vo n v chn Move. Di chuyn biu tng sang v tr khc trn thanhv bm chut tri kt thc vic di chuyn.

Hnh 3.12: Di chuyn biu tng

Bn cnh vng trng trong thanh ngang bn trn (ni bn to cc biu tng li tt) l biu tng i nhanh ngi dng. Biu tng ny hinth tn ngi dng ang lm vic trn my. Bn c th bm ln n xem cc ngi dng khc c trong my bn v chuyn sang ti khonkhc.

Ch :Bn s bit thm v phn chuyn i ngi dng nhanh chng phn Chuyn nhanh ngi dng trong bi ny.

Hnh 3.13: Biu tng Chuyn ngi dng nhanh

Bn cnh biu tng chuyn nhanh ngi dng l biu tng cng c tm kim. Biu tng ny gip bn nhanh chng tm ra thng tin mnhcn trn my. Bm vo n, hp thoi Deskbar Applet s xut hin bn nhp t kho tm kim vo hp Search. Bn cng c th m hp

thoi ny bng phm tt F11.Hp thoi ny cng cho php bn:


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Chy cc ng dng bng cch g tn ng dng hoc tn tp tin thc thi n.

Tra cu mt t thng qua t in.

Hnh 3.14: Cng c tm kim

Nm k bn cng c tm kim l khay System. N cha biu tng mng v m thanh bn c th iu chnh cc thit lp khi truy cp Internetv m lng khi nghe nhc.

Ngy gi hin ti cng c biu din bn cnh khay System. Nu bn nhn vo ngy gi, mt ca s lch s xut hin. Ti y bn c ththay i ngy hin ti.

Biu tng cui cng trn thanh ngang pha trn l biu tng tt my, khi ng li, ng ng hoc kho my tnh v n vo ch ch.

Hnh 3.15: Cc biu tng trn thanh ngang bn trn

Biu tng u tin ca thanh ngang bn di cho php bn m nhanh vo mn hnh nn. Nhn vo n thu nh tt c cc ca s ang mtrong vng lm vic. Nu nhn thm ln na, trng thi ca cc ca s s c phc hi.


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Hnh 3.16: Xem mn hnh nn

Bn cnh biu tng thu nh cc ca s ang m l mt vng trng lit k cc ng dng ang m, tng t nh thanh tc v ca Windows.Khi bn m mt ng dng, ca s cha ng dng s c lit k trong ng ny bn d dng truy cp ti, ging nh trong hnh di y:

Hnh 3.17: Cc ng dng ang chy

Biu tng k bn, vng lm vic, cho php bn t cc ca s ang m vo cc vng lm vic khc nhau. Bn c th di chuyn gia cc vnglm vic bng t hp CTRL+ALT v mi tn tri phi. Nh vy, cc ca s s tr nn gn gng hn v bn thao tc vi chng cng d hn.

V d, bn ang chy Firefox, OpenOffice, cng c tm kim v my tnh cng mt lc

Hnh 3.18: Biu tng Vng lm vic

Bn c th di chuyn ca s Firefox sang vng lm vic khc bng cch gi phm CTRL+ALT+SHIFT v nhn mi tn tri hoc phi. Haivng lm vic c biu din gc di bn phi ca mn hnh mt vng lm vic cha ca s Firefox v vng lm vic cn li cha ccca s khc.


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Hnh 3.19: Chuyn i vng lm vic

Gi, bn c 2 vng lm vic ring bit. Lu l ca s Firefox c di chuyn ti vng lm vic ban u. V vy, tu thuc vo tc v bn thcthi, bn c th t cc ca s ra cc vng lm vic khc nhau.

Hnh 3.20: t cc ca s vo nhng vng lm vic khc nhau

Ubuntu ban u c sn 2 vng lm vic. Nu bn mun Ubuntu c thm vng lm vic, hy bm chut phi ln biu tng vng lm vic vnhn Preferences. Hp thoi Workspace Switcher Preferences xut hin.


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Hnh 3.21: To thm vng lm vic

Trong hp thoi Workspace Switcher Preferences, g hoc chn s vng lm vic t danh sch Number of workspaces v nhn Close.

Hnh 3.22: Workspace Switcher Preferences

Gi, s vng lm vic mi s c cp nht vo trong gc di bn phi ca mn hnh lm vic.

Biu tng cui cng trn thanh ngang nm di l Waste basket, tng t nh Recycle Bin trong Microsoft Windows. N cha cc tp tin c xo trn my bn. Bm phi vo biu tng ny v nhn Open m ca s Trash .


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Hnh 3.23: Biu tng Waste Basket

Bn c th xo hn khi my tnh mt mc trong ca s bng cch nhn phm DELETE sau khi chn n.

Ch :Mt cch khc, bn c th bm chut phi vo mc cn xo v nhn Delete from Trash xo hon ton n khi my tnh.

Nu bn mun khi phc cc mc xo khi mn hnh nn, hy ko mc t ca s Trash v th n vo mn hnh nn.

Hnh 3.24: Xo cc mc khi Waste basket

3.2 Thay i ngn ng mc nh

Ubuntu h tr hn 100 ngn ng. Bn c th chn ngn ng mc nh cho my mnh trong qu trnh ci dt Ubuntu hoc sau khi ci xong.

chuyn ngn ng mc nh trong khi ci t, chn ngn ng cn dng khi c hi.

chuyn ngn ng mc nh sau khi ci t xong:

1. Trong trnh n System, chn Administration v nhn Language Support. H thng s hi bn thng tin v ngn ng cn ci v ccnng cp cn thc hin i vi mi trng lm vic.


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Hnh 3.25: Cu hnh Language Support

2. Nhn Install tip tc. Sau khi hon tt vic cp nht, hp thoi Language Support xut hin.


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Hnh 3.26: Ci t cc cp nht h tr ngn ng

3. Trong hp thoi Language Support, phn Supported Languages lit k cc ngn ng c Ubuntu h tr, bn nh du ngn ng cndng.


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Hnh 3.27: Ci t H tr ngn ng mc nh

4. Nhn vo Apply v nhn OK. Ubuntu s ti v v ci t cc gi cn thit vo my bn. Ngn ng c chn s xut hin trong Default Language.

5. Chn ngn ng m bn mun dng lm mc nh, v nhn OK.

6. cc thay i c hiu lc, hy ng xut v ng nhp li.

C th bn cha bit?Bn c th thay i ngn ng nhiu ln, v vic ny tu thuc vo v tr ca bn. Ly v d, hy chuyn ngn ng sang tingNga khi cn trnh din bng ting Nga trong khi i cng tc ti .

3.3 To ti khon ngi dng v Chuyn nhanh ngi dng

C th my ca bn c nhiu ngi dng chung. Trong trng hp ny, d liu c th b x l nhm, gy ra hin tng hng, mt mt. trnh nguy c ny, bn c th to ra cc ti khon ngi dng cho mi ngi mun dng my, v mi ngi s c cc thit lp cho ring mnh.V d, bn cung cp cho cc con mnh ti khon ngi dng ring v mi a s c thit lp h thng ca ring mnh.

to ra mt ti khon ngi dng mi trn Ubuntu:

1. Trong trnh n System, chn Administration v nhn Users and Groups. Hp thoi User settings xut hin.


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Hnh 3.28: Thm bt ngi dng

2. Trong hp thoi User settings, nhn Add User to mt ti khon mi trn h thng. Hp thoi New user account xut hin.

Hnh 3.29: Thm ngi dng mi

3. Thit lp cc tham s c bn cho ti khon, thng tin lin h v mt khu vo trong hp thoi New user account.

a. G tn ng nhp vo trong Username.

b. G tn y vo trong Real name.

c. Chn loi ngi dng trong Profile.

d. G a ch vn phng lm vic vo trong Office location.e. G s in thoi ni lm vic vo Work phone.

f. G s in thoi nh vo trong Home phone.

g. G mt khu ca ti khon mi vo trong User password.

Ch :Nhng thng tin ny ch mang tnh lu tr, nhng ngi khc khng th xem c chng.

Nhn Close lu li cc thit lp.


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Hnh 3.30: Cu hnh ti khon mi

4. Mt ti khon ngi dng mi s xut hin trong hp thoi User settings. Hp thoi ny bo vi bn v tn y v tn ng nhp ca


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ngi dng mi. N cng cho bit v tr ca ngi dng mi c to ra.

Hnh 3.31: Ti khon ngi dng mi

Nu bn nhn vo biu tng chuyn nhanh ngi dng, s c 2 ti khon c lit k v bn cnh ti khon ngi dng ang ng nhp vomy tnh s c mt du kim bn cnh.

Hnh 3.32: Chuyn ngi dng

Tnh nng ny trnh cho bn phi ng xut ri ng nhp li mi khi mun chuyn i ngi dng. N cng cho php nhiu ngi dng cth chuyn qua li trng thi trong khi vn ng nhp. Bng cch bm chut ln biu tng chuyn nhanh ngi dng, mt danh sch cc tnngi dng s xut hin. Chn ti khon ngi dng m bn mun chuyn sang. G tn ngi dng v mt khu, v bn s ng nhp vo mnhnh lm vic ca ngi dng mi. Khi bn chuyn sang mt ngi ti khon dng khc, ti khon ngi dng trc s c kho li, cho nhng ngi khc khng th thay i cc thit lp cho ti khon .


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3.4 Thm bt cc ng dng

Dng ng dng Add/Remove Applications khi bn cn:

Dng cc phn mm khng ci t sn trong Ubuntu.

Th chy mt ng dng thay th cho phn mm m bn c trn Ubuntu.

Ubuntu c sn cc phn mm bn ci t ln my tnh khi cn. Bn c th ci t cc phn mm bng cng c Add/Remove application hoctrnh Synaptic Package Manager. m Add/Remove application, chn trnh n Applications, nhn Add/Remove.

Hnh 3.33: Chy cng c Add/Remove Applications

chy Synaptic Package Manager, trn trnh n System, chn Administration v bm vo biu tng Synaptic Package Manager.

Hnh 3.34: Chy chng trnh Synaptic Package Manager


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Synaptic cung cp mt quy trnh ci t phn mm rt tin tin. Nu bn khng th tm ra chng trnh mnh cn trong mc Add/RemoveApplications, bn c th tm n trong Synaptic. Synaptic tm kim tt c cc phn mm c trong cc kho lu trn mng, bao gm c cc thvin phn mm khng c chng trnh.

3.5 Hiu ng giao din ho- Compiz FusionCompiz Fusion l mt trnh qun l ca s 3D s dng tnh nng tng tc x l 3D m cc card ho ngy nay cung cp trn rt nhiu mytnh bn v xch tay. N cung cp mt s hiu ng th gic lm cho mi trng lm vic trn Linux vui mt hn khi bn lm vic. V d,bn c th t cc vng lm vic trn mt hnh hp, khi di chuyn t vng ny sang vng khc th hp ny s xoay.

Compiz Fusion c ci t sn trong Ubuntu 7.10 v hot ng tt vi cc card ho mnh. N bt cc hiu ng ho 3D trong mi trnglm vic ci thin mc s dng v giao din ho cho h thng. xem cc hiu ng ho trn Ubuntu:

1. Trong trnh n System, chn Preferences v nhn Appearance. Hp thoi Appearance Preferences xut hin.

Hnh 3.35: M hp thoi Appearance Preferences

2. Trong hp thoi Appearance Preferences c 3 mc hiu ng c cu hnh sn: No effects, Normal effects v Extra effects. Bn c thchn mt trong 3 mc c sn ny:


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Hnh 3.36: Cu hnh Visual Effects

Nu bn ch cn mt mi trng lm vic n gin, khng c hiu ng, hy chn None. Nu bn mun cn bng gia giao din ho pv tc x l khng b nh hng qu nhiu, hy chn Normal. Nu bn mun c tht nhiu hiu ng ho, nh ca s rung (wobblywindows), hp (desktop cube) vn vn, hy chn Extra. V d, khi bn ch cp nht xong hoc nhp cc th t c vo trong trnh qun l thin t, bn c th bt hiu ng Wobbly ln. Cc ca s s nhy ma v hin th cc hiu ng 3 chiu. Hy th xem, trng n rt p!

3.6 Cng c tm kim

Nu bn c rt nhiu ti liu, c lu tr trong mt cng ln, c l i khi vic tm ra ti liu mnh cn s tr nn kh khn. Ubuntu 7.10 cungcp cho bn mt cng c tm kim gii quyt vn : Desktop Search, chng trnh tch hp mt cng c nh ch mc gi l tracker d dng m tp tin mnh cn. chy cng c ny, trong trnh n Applications, hy chn mc Accessories v nhn Tracker Search Tool.

Ca s Tracker Search Tool hin ra.


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Hnh 3.37: Chy chng trnh Tracker Search

Cng c tm kim tm cc thng tin quan trng trong tt c cc tp tin trong th mc h thng v dch chng ra mt c s d liu s. V th,nu bn mun tm tt c cc ti liu trn my c cha 1 t, ging nh nhc, cng c ny s gip bn tm mt cch nhanh chng tt c cc tptin c cha t nhc v hin th chng trong kt qu.


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Hnh 3.38: Tm kim ti liu

3.7 Tng kt bi hc

Trong bi ny, bn bit rng:

Ubuntu 7.10 dng GNOME lm mi trng lm vic mc nh.

Mn hnh lm vic c 2 thanh nm ngang bn trn v di, mi thanh c rt nhiu biu tng.

Bn c th t ngn ng mc nh cho my mnh trong qu trnh ci t hoc sau khi ci t xong.

Vic chuyn nhanh ngi dng cho php nhiu ngi c th dng chung my tnh m khng cn phi chia s cc tp tin ca h. Bn c th ci t cc phn mm thng qua cng c Add/Remove Applications hoc tin ch Synaptic Package Manager.

Ubuntu 7,10 c sn chng trnh Compiz Fusion cung cp cc hiu ng ho vui mt.

Ubuntu 7.10 cung cp mt cng c tm kim Desktop Search, bao gm mt chng trnh nh ch mc gi l Tracker bn d dng truycp vo tp tin mnh cn.

3.8 Cu hi n tp

Cu hi 1

trn v di mn hnh lm vic l 2 thanh, gi l _______.

Cu hi 2Nhng biu tng li tt no c ci sn trn thanh ngang bn trn?

Cu hi 3

Chuyn nhanh ngi dng ngha l th no?

Cu hi 4

Tn ca cng c tm kim c dng trong Ubuntu 7.10.

3.9 Thc hnh trn my

Bi tp:

Bn lu thng tin ti chnh ca mnh trong my v khng mun ai khc xem c chng. Nhng mt ngi bn ca bn li mun thi thongdng my tnh ny. gii quyt tnh hung ny, hy to mt ti khon mi cho bn mnh v dng tnh nng Chuyn nhanh ngi dng.


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1. M trnh n System, m tip mc Administration v chn Users and Groups. Hp thoi User settings xut hin.

2. Trong hp thoi User settings, nhn Add User. Hp thoi New user account xut hin.

3. in cc thng tin sau vo hp thoi New user account:

a. G charles vo Username.

b. Chn Desktop user trong Profile.1. G charles windsor vo Real name.2. G England trong Office location.3. G 111111 vo Work phone.4. G 99999 vo Home phone.5. G password@1 vo User password.6. Nhn nt Close lu li cc thit lp.

4. Bm chut vo biu tng Chuyn nhanh ngi dng thanh ngang nm trn. Bm vo charles. Mn hnh ng nhp s xut hin.

5. G charles vo Username v password@1 vo Password.

6. Bn ca bn gi c th lm vic trn my ny.

Tuy nhin, anh ta s khng th truy cp vo ti khon ngi dng ca bn v my tnh s yu cu anh ta cung cp mt khu. V vy, d liu cnhn ca bn hon ton c gi kn.


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Chng 4

S dng Internet

Trng tm

Ni dung ca bi hc ny:

Kt ni vo mng Internet

Duyt web

c nhiu knh tin tc khc nhau

Gi v nhn th in t

Dng nhiu cng c gi tin nhn nhanh

Gi in thoi bng in thoi mm

4.1 Truy cp vo InternetMng Internet c hng triu ngi trn th gii s dng trong cng vic v gii tr. Nh c Internet, vic tm kim chia s thng tin, gp ggia nh v bn b, tham gia cc din n, c tin tc, chi in t c din ra d dng hn bao gi ht.

Tu thuc vo c s h tng ni bn sng v lm vic, vic kt ni Internet din ra khc nhau. kt ni vo Internet, bn phi ng k dchv vi Nh cung cp dch v Internet (Internet Service Provider (ISP)) v trang b thit b vo mng (switch, router, modem). Bn cng phithc hin mt s thao tc cu hnh kt ni Internet trn h thng. Ubuntu h tr hu ht cc kiu kt ni, bao gm: Bng rng (cp truyn hocASDL), dial-up v truy cp trc tip thng qua mng cc b (Local Area Network (LAN)).

Bn c bit?Bng rng l thut ng ch cc kt ni thng qua ng dy thu bao s bt i xng (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL)) hoc kt ni thng qua cp truyn hnh (DOCSIS).

Ethernet Modem (PPPoE) dng mt modem kt ni vi my tnh v mt cp mng Ethernet. Loi kt ni ny thng c dngkt hp vi kt ni Bng rng.Dial-up dng kt ni dial-up, tc ti a l 56 kbit/s.Local Area Network (LAN) dng mng khng dy hoc Ethernet, v kiu kt ni ny cng thng kt hp vi kt ni Bng rng.in thoi di ng dng cc chc nng modem tch hp sn trong my kt ni Internet.

Kt ni Bng rng l loi kt ni n nh v nhanh nht m ngi dng ng k v tr tin theo hng thng. Cc cng ty cung cp dch v Bngrng c nhiu gi dch v khc nhau cho khch hng. Nu bn i du lch v cn dng Internet, bn c th mua kt ni Internet khng dy. Numy bn khng c card mng khng dy, bn s phi mua ly mt ci dng trong trng hp ny. Kt ni kiu ny tng t nh kt ni quav tinh, d liu c truyn qua sng v tuyn.

Kt ni Dial-up dng ng dy in thoi kt ni gia 2 my tnh vi nhau. y l kiu kt ni r tin, nhng chm. My tnh ca bn phiquay s in thoi kt ni ti nh Cung cp dch v ca bn v kt ni vo my ch ca h. Bn s khng th gi in thoi khi ang lnmng. y l kiu kt ni li thi, chm nht; bn khng nn s dng n.


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4.1.1 Network Manager

The Network Manager l mt chng trnh mnh nhng d dng, cho php bn kt ni Internet thng qua mng c dy v khng dy. N nmtrong gc phi thanh ngang bn trn. Bm chut tri vo biu tng Network Manager, chng trnh s bo cho bn bit my mnh c kt nivo mng c dy hay khng dy hay khng. Nu my bn bt c mt mng khng dy nhng mng ny li c mt khu, mt hp thoi s

xut hin bn nhp mt khu vo. Mt khu ny s c chng trnh Keyring lu li v s dng li khi cn. Tuy nhin, nu bn ngxut th thng tin ny s b hu i, v ln sau bn s phi nhp li mt khu keyring.

Hnh 4.1: Network Manager

Nu bm chut phi vo biu tng Network Manager, bn c th bt hoc tt cc kt ni ang c. Thng tin kt ni cho php bn truy cp vocc tham s cu hnh ang c dng.

Hnh 4.2: Network Manager Connection

Nu trnh Network Manager khng t ng cu hnh cc kt ni ca bn, bn s phi t mnh cu hnh chng bng tay.

4.1.2 S dng kt ni thng qua cp mng

kt ni Internet bng cp mng, hy thc hin cc bc sau:


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1. Trong trnh n System, chn Administration v nhn Network. Hp thoi Network Settings s xut hin.

Hnh 4.3: M cc thit lp mng

2. Trong phn Connections, chn kt ni cn dng. Nhn Properties. Hp thoi eth0 Properties s xut hin.

Hnh 4.4: Network Settings

3. Xo du kim trong hp Enable roaming mode bt kt ni.

Ch :Bn phi nhp cc tham s m nh cung cp dch v Internet cung cp cho bn: a ch IP, mt n subnet v a chcng vo.

a. Trong hp thoi Configuration, chn tu chn Static IP address.

b. Nhp a ch IP my bn vo trong hp IP address.

c. Nhp mt n subnet ca my bn vo trong hp Subnet mask.

Ch :Mt n subnet phn chia cc a ch IP trong mng ra nhiu nhm khc nhau, h tr cho vic nh tuyn cc gid liu truyn trong mng.

d. G a ch IP ca cng vo m nh cung cp dch v a cho bn vo trong hp Gateway address.


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Ch :Cng vo l mt thit b dng kt ni ngi dng vo mng Internet, c nh cung cp dch v Internet trangb.

Hnh 4.5: eth0 Properties

4. Nhn nt OK hon tt vic cu hnh mng cp.


Gi, bn c th kt ni vo Internet thng qua ng cp mng.

4.1.3 Dng card mng khng dy

Ubuntu t ng h tr rt nhiu cc loi card mng khng dy. bit xem card mng ca bn c c Ubuntu h tr khng, hy lm cc bcsau:

1. Trong trnh n System chn Administration v bm vo Network. Hp thoi Network Settings s xut hin.

2. Nu card mng khng dy ca bn c lit k y, bn c th lm cc bc nh phn S dng kt ni thng qua cp mng ktni vo mng Internet.


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Hnh 4.7: Chn kt ni khng dy

Ngoi ra, bn cng c th bm chut tri vo Network Manager v xem cc mng khng dy m my mnh bt c.

Bn c bit? xem danh sch tt c cc card mng khng dy chy trn Ubuntu, hy xem https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/-WirelessCardsSupported

Mt s card mng khng dy khng c lit k ti y v chng khng c trnh iu khin m ngun m. V vy, nhng card mng ny khngt ng lm vic trong Ubuntu. Nu card mng ca bn khng c trnh iu khin m ngun m, bn c th phi dng cng c ndiswrapper.

Dng Ndiswrapper chy card mng khng dy

Ndiswrapper l mt module ca Linux cho php bn dng cc trnh iu khin card mng khng dy ca Microsoft Windows. Bn c th cit tin cu hnh cho ndiswrapper thng qua chng trnh Add/Remove Applications. Chng trnh Windows Wireless Drivers sau khi cci t s nm trong System Administration.

4.1.4 Kt ni Dial-up

Kt ni dial-up dng mt modem truyn d liu qua ng dy in thoi. Bn c th chy chng trnh ScanModem xc nh loimodem mnh c. Cng c ny nhn ra cc loi modem trong cm qua khe PCI trong my hoc mt thit b bn ngoi kt ni qua cng USB.

Bn c bit? ti cng c ScanModem v, xin xem thm: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/ScanModem

dng kt ni dial-up :

1. Ti v, cu hnh v ci t trnh iu khin ca modem bn c. Nu loi modem ca bn khng c trnh iu khin m ngun m, hylin h vi nh sn xut loi modem bit thm chi tit.

Ch : ci t trnh iu khin m ngun m, hy xem www.modemdriver.com.

2. Cu hnh kt ni dial-up ti nh cung cp dch v:

1. M trnh n System, chn Administration, mc Network. Hp thoi Network Settings xut hin.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupportedhttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupportedhttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/ScanModemhttp://www.modemdriver.com/http://www.modemdriver.com/http://www.modemdriver.com/https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DialupModemHowto/ScanModemhttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupportedhttps://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported


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2. Trong phn Network Settings, chn Modem connection v nhn Properties. Hp thoi ppp0 Properties xut hin.


3. Trong hp thoi ppp0 Properties, chn Enable this connection kch hot kt ni ny.

a. t cc tham s ti khon m nh cung cp Internet a cho bn.Nhp s ien thoi ca nh cung cp o trong Phone number v tin t thoi vo trong Dial prefix, y l cc thng tin mmodem dng quay s ti my ch phc v. G tn ti khon dial-up vo Username v in mt khu vo Password. Tnng nhp l tn bn ng k vi nh cung cp Internet.

b. t cc thit lp cho modem trong phn Modem. Bm vo th Modem. G hoc chn cng modem s dng trong phn Modemport. Chn kiu quay s trong Dial type. Bn c th chn kiu quay s c dng trong Dial type. Kiu quay s ph thucvo mng in thoi bn s dng, v c th l kiu Tones hoc Pulses. Nu bn khng bit kiu quay s no cn dng, hy linh vi cng ty in thoi. Trong khi quay s, modem s to ra mt s m thanh nh. Bn c th t m lng ca m quay s nytrong Volume-thng thng bn nn dng Offhoc Low.

c. Thit lp cc cu

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
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Ubuntu Desktop Course - Hoc Ubuntu 7.10 (Tiếng Việt) - Smith.N Studio

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