Ubuntu
• Ubuntu is a Linux/Unix based open source operating system
• Designed for computers, smartphones, and network servers
• Developed by a UK based company called Canonical Ltd.
• Two interfaces for Ubuntu: the GUI and the Terminal
Ubuntu Desktop
• Supports all the normal software such as Firefox, Chrome, VLC, etc.
• Supports the office suite called LibreOffice• Built-in email software called Thunderbird• Applications for users to view and edit photos• Applications to manage videos and it also allows
the users to share videos• A smart search tool• Best feature: It is a free operating system backed
by a huge open source community
Menu Bar
System Settings
File Management
Files and Folders in Home Folder
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ubuntu/ubuntu_files_and_folders.htm
LibreOffice
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/ubuntu/ubuntu_word_writer.htm
New Document
Ubuntu Versions
• Every year there are 2 releases: one in April and one in October
• The version number normally denotes the year in which the software was released.
• The version 16.04 specifies that it was released in the year 2016 and in the month of April.
• The April build every year is the more stable build, while the October build does a lot of experimentation on new features.
Ubuntu Long Term Support (LTS)
• LTS releases come approximately every 2 years and get 3 years of support
• We use LTS version 16.04, Xenial Xerus which was initially release April 21, 2016. Its end-of-life date is April 2021. (Xerus is an African ground squirel)
• The most recent LTS release is version 18.04, Bionic Beaver release April 26, 2018. Its end-of-live date is April 2023.
Opening the Terminal
• Click on Dash type terminal, then hit Enter
• Click on icon on Launcher
• Simultaneously hitting Ctrl + Alt + T
Dash / Search
Terminal / Bash Shell
Ubuntu Directory Tree
• Top level directory is the root level denoted by the slash /
• Your account is under /home/username
• In your home directory (folder) you will see directories for:– Desktop
– Documents
– Downloads
– Music
– Pictures
– Videos
Directory Content
bin Essential command binaries
boot Static files of the boot loader
dev Device files
etc Host-specific system configuration
home User home directories
lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules
media Contains mount points for replaceable media
mnt Mount point for mounting a file system temporarily
opt Add-on application software packages
proc Virtual directory for system information
root Home directory for the root user
run Run-time variable data
sbin Essential system binaries
srv Data for services provided by the system
sys Virtual directory for system information
tmp Temporary files
usr Secondary hierarchy
var Variable data
At the root directory are these system level directories:
