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ARCL 0065 - ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEVANT - 2018-2019
Year 2/3 Option, 0.5 unit
Fridays, 11 am -1 pm, Room 209, Institute of Archaeology
Turnitin Class ID: 3884522
Turnitin Password: IoA1819
Co-ordinator: Dr Katherine (Karen) Wright [email protected]
Room 101 IoA. Tel: 020 7679 4715 (Internal: 24715)*
Tell Abu Hamid, Jordan
Byblos, Lebanon
COURSE CONTENT,
This course is an introduction to the archaeology of the Levant (modern-day Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel/Palestine,
northernmost Arabia, the Negev, Sinai & the Hatay-Gaziantep region of southern Turkey). The temporal scope is early
prehistory to the end of the Iron Age (333 BC). Topics include initial colonization, Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer
societies, human ecology & the emergence of agrarian societies & villages in the aceramic Neolithic; technological
change, craft specialization & the emergence of ceramic Neolithic & Chalcolithic cultures; the evolution of complex
societies in the fourth & third millennia BCE; (Early Bronze Age); the growth of Canaanite & Amorite civilizations &
urban cultures in the early second millennium BCE (Middle Bronze Age); relations of the Late Bronze Age Levant
with the empires of New Kingdom Egypt, Mitanni & the Hittites; the Late Bronze Age “collapse;” the emergence of
Iron Age city states, kingdoms & tribal polities after 1200 BCE (Philistia, Phoenicia, Israel, Judah, Ammon, Moab,
Edom, Arabia, Aram, the Neo-Hittites); & the impact of the Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian & Persian empires. Major
themes are social-cultural diversity, long-term cycles of culture change, regional interactions & the impact of ancient
history on present-day societies. The approach is multi-disciplinary, drawing on history, anthropology, human ecology,
materials science & archaeology. Material culture is taught in artifact labs & museum visits.
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ARCL 0065 ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEVANT (0.5 unit)
Term 2, Fridays 11-1, Room 209, Institute of Archaeology
Co-ordinator: Katherine (Karen) Wright ([email protected] ), Room 101, IoA. Tel. 0207 679 4715
*Dr Wright’s Office Hours: Tuesdays 2-5 pm; Wednesdays 4-6 pm; Fridays 4.15-5.30 pm.
If you have questions, please consult Dr Wright in person, in office hours or after class.
If you need to email me, please put the module code in the heading (ARCL 0007).
IMPORTANT: This Module Handbook is the official reading list for the module and is in Word format. The Online
Reading List for this module is being updated and may not be precisely the same as this handout. For readings: first,
check this Handbook for the suggested readings. Then, check to see whether the readings are also shown on the Online
Reading List. For readings not shown on the online list, use UCL Explore. You are not expected to read all of the
sources in this handbook. For each session, essential readings are shown. Module handbooks list many readings for
two reasons: (1) to give you a wide choice of readings for essays; and (2) to give you an overview of relevant literature
for future reference. Please read this handbook carefully. It can be useful to familiarize yourself (in a general way)
with the names of authors and their writings -- even those you do not read.
GENERAL. This handbook contains introductory information. If you have queries, please consult the Co-
ordinator. For policies & procedures, see Appendix A at end of this document. If changes need to be made to
course arrangements, these will be communicated by email; it is essential that you consult your UCL e-mail
regularly. PLEASE BRING THIS HANDOUT TO ALL SESSIONS.
AIMS, OBJECTIVES & LEARNING OUTCOMES
The aims of this course are: (1) to teach the present state of knowledge about societies of the Levant from
prehistory to the end of the Iron Age; topics include civilizations of the Canaanites, Phoenicia, Philistia,
Israel, Judah, Aram, the Neo-Hittites, Ammon, Moab, Edom & Arabia; (2) to present recent archaeological
& historical research on these periods; (3) to consider ethnohistoric & literary accounts (e.g. the Hebrew
Bible); (4) to explore the growth & collapse of empires, international exchange & interaction, ethnicity,
gender, writing systems, the development of religions. On successful completion of this course a student
should: have a command of issues, debates & evidence on the archaeology & history of the Levant; be able
to evaluate the validity of theories, methods & quality of evidence; & appreciate the effects of modern social
& political frames of reference on interpreting this region. By the end of the course students should be able
to demonstrate: an understanding & critical awareness of interpretations, analytical methods & quality of
evidence in research on the Levant; written skills in analysis & presentation; & an ability to apply
appropriate analytical methods to research for 2 essays.
TEACHING METHODS, PREREQUISITES & WORKLOAD
The course is taught via lectures & seminars. There are no pre-requisites. There are 20 hours of required
class sessions; & 4 additional hours of museum visits / artifact handling labs. Students are expected to spend
ca. 80 hours doing the reading & about 50 hours in producing assessed work ( ca. 150 hours total)..
ASSESSMENT. This course is assessed by two essays, each contributing 50% to the final mark.
MOODLE: if you have problems getting onto this course in Moodle, contact Charlotte Frearson
([email protected] )
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ARCL 0065 ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE LEVANT 2018-2019
Term 2, Fridays 11-1, Room 209 IoA
SCHEDULE
11 January 2019
Session 1 Geography, History of Research, the Palaeolithic
18 January
Session 2 The Natufian & the Aceramic Neolithic
25 January
Session 3 Ceramic Neolithic & Chalcolithic
1 February
Session 4 The Early Bronze Age
8 February
Session 5 The Middle Bronze Age
11 – 15 February READING WEEK
22 February
Session 6 The Late Bronze Age
1 March
Session 7 The LBA collapse & Philistia
8 March
Session 8 Neo-Hittites, Aramaeans, Phoenicia
15 March
Session 9 Israel & Judah
22 March
Session 10 Ammon, Moab, Edom, Arabia
ASSESSMENT DUE DATES:
Assessment 1 Turnitin deadline: (midnight) Monday 25 February
2019
Hardcopy deadline: (5 pm, Reception) Tuesday, 26 February 2019
Assessment 2: Turnitin deadline: (midnight) Monday 15 April 2019
Hardcopy deadline: (5 pm, Reception) Tuesday 16 April 2019
TURNITIN: Course Code = ARCL0065 Class ID = 3884522 Password = IoA1819
If you are not in London on hardcopy due dates, you may post the hardcopy, but make sure there is a
postmark showing posting before 5 pm on hardcopy due date. Turnitin deadlines apply in any case.
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REFERENCE WORKS Shelf numbers refer to Institute of Archaeology Library except where noted.
You are NOT expected to read everything on this list. * = an especially useful source
Recommended introductory texts: the Levant
*Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York: Cambridge University Press.
DBD100 AKK; ISSUE DESK AKK
*Doumet-Serhal, C. 2004. Decade: A Decade of Archaeology & History in the Lebanon. Beirut: The
Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum. DBD 100 Qto DOU
Institut du Monde Arabe 1998. Liban: l'Autre Rive. Paris: Flammarion. DBD 100 LIB (illustrations)
Klengel, H. 1991. Syria: 3000-300 BC: A Political History. Berlin: Akademie Verlag. DBD 100 KLE (texts)
*Levy, T. (ed) 1995. Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press. DBE
100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
*MacDonald, B., et al. 2001. The Archaeology of Jordan. Sheffield: Sheffield Univ. DBE 100 MAC
Pritchard, J. 1967. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. REFERENCE DBA 600 QTO (texts only; historic periods)
Redford, D. 1993. Egypt, Canaan & Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton. DBA100 RED
Tubb, J. 1998. The Canaanites. London: British Museum. DBE 100 TUB
Weiss, H. (ed) 1985. Ebla to Damascus. Washington: Smithsonian. DBD 300 WEI
Other introductory syntheses: the Levant & adjacent regions
Broodbank, C. 2013. The Making of the Middle Sea. London: Thames & Hudson.
Charvát, P. 2002. Mesopotamia Before History. London: Routledge. DBB 100 CHA
During, B. 2011 The Prehistory of Asia Minor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Hallo, W. & Simpson, W. 1998. The Ancient Near East: A History. New York: HBJ. DBA 200 HAL
Hole, F. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Karageorghis, V. 1982. Cyprus. London: Thames & Hudson. DAG15 KAR
Knapp, B. 1988. History & Culture of Ancient Western Asia & Egypt. Chicago. DBA 200 KNA
Kuhrt, A. 1995. The Ancient Near East, c. 3000-330 BC. London: UCL Press. DBA 100 KUH
Matthews, R. 2000. The Early Prehistory of Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols. DBB100 Qto MAT
Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames & Hudson. DBA 100 MEL
Midant-Reynes, B. 2000. The Prehistory of Egypt from the First Egyptians to the First Pharaohs. Oxford:
Blackwell Publishers.
Mieroop, M. v. d. 2003. A History of the Ancient Near East. Malden, MA: Blackwell. DBA 100 MIE
Postgate, J.N. 1992. Early Mesopotamia. London: Routledge. DBB 100 POS
Sagona, A.G., Zimansky, P.E., 2009. Ancient Turkey. Routledge, London.
Steel, L., 2004. Cyprus Before History. Duckworth, London.
Trigger, B. G. et al. 1983. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cambridge. ISSUE DESK TRI
Wengrow, D. 2006. The Archaeology of Early Egypt. Cambridge.
Encyclopedias (for specific sites or topics):
Stern, E. et al. (eds) 1993. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem.
DBE 100 Qto NEW
Meyers, E. et al. 1996. (eds) Oxford Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology. Oxford. DBE 100 Qto
Sasson, J. (ed) 1995. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York: Scribners. DBA 100 SAS
Levantine Material Culture: Selected Works
Amiran, R. 1969. Ancient Pottery of the Holy Land. Jerusalem: Massada Press. DBE 300 AMI (EBA)
Leonard, A. 1994. An Index to the LBA Aegean Pottery from Syria-Palestine. Jonsered.
Schreiber, N. 2003. The Cypro-Phoenician pottery of the Iron Age. Leiden: Brill. DAG 15 SCH
Sparks, R., 2007. Stone Vessels in the Levant. Maney, Leeds.
Wright, K. 1992. A classification system for ground stone tools from the prehistoric Levant. Paléorient 18,
53-81.
Shea, J. 2013. Stone Tools in the Palaeolithic & Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
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Session 1 Geography, History of Research, the Palaeolithic
In this session we review Levantine geography; examine the history of research; & consider the Palaeolithic
from early hominid colonization to the foragers of the Upper & Early-Middle Epipalaeolithic.
Geography, Ethnoarchaeology, Nomad-Sedentary Interaction, Site Formation (read 1)
Astour, M. 1995. Overland trade routes in ancient Western Asia. In: J. Sasson, ed. Civilizations of the
Ancient Near East. New York: Scribners. Vol. III: 1401-1420. DBA 100 SAS
Butzer, K. 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge: CUP. Ch. 6, 87-97 (“village mounds”); Ch. 7,
117-122.
Cribb, R. 1992. Nomads in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. DBA 100 CRI
*Fisher, W. 1978. The Middle East: A Physical, Social & Regional Geography. London: Methuen. Ch. 14.
Rosen, A. 1982. Cities of Clay. Chicago : Univ. Of Chicago Press. ISSUE DESK DBE 100 ROS
Simms, S. 1988. The archaeological structure of a Bedouin camp. Journ. Archaeolog. Science 15:197-211.
Wilkinson, T. J. 2003. Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press. DBA
100 WIL
History of Research (read 3)
Kramer, C. 1984 Spatial organization in contemporary SW Asian villages & archaeological sampling. In T.
Young et al. (eds) The Hilly Flanks, 347-368. Chicago. ISSUE DESK BRA 3; DBA 100 QTO BRA
Meskell, L. 1998. Archaeology under Fire. London: Routledge. AG MES (Introduction)
Moorey, P. 1991. A Century of Biblical Archaeology. Cambridge. Chapters 3-6. AG MOO. (locate what is
said about MacAlister at Gezer & Kenyon at Jericho).
Pollock, S. & Bernbeck, R. 2005. Archaeologies of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell. DBA 100 POL
(Introduction)
Said, E. 1978. Orientalism. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Silberman, N.A. 1995. Power, politics & the past: the social construction of antiquity in the Holy Land. In T.
Levy (ed) The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: University of Leicester Press, 9-23.
DBE 100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
*Wheeler, M. 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. London: Pelican. Chapter 2 (‘Historical’), pages 29-37, on
Petrie; Chapter 4 (‘Stratigraphy’ – note Near Eastern examples). ISSUE DESK AL WHE
The Palaeolithic (read 1)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York: Cambridge University Press.
(Chapter on the Palaeolithic)
Bar-Yosef, O., 1995. The origins of modern humans. In: Levy, T.E. (ed), The Archaeology of Society in the
Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 110-123.
Gilead, I., 1995. The foragers of the Upper Palaeolithic period. In: Levy, T.E. (ed), The Archaeology of
Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press,121-140.
Goren-Inbar, N., 1995. The Lower Palaeolithic of Israel. In: Levy, T.E. (ed), The Archaeology of Society in
the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 93-109.
*Goring-Morris, A.N., 1995. Complex hunter-gatherers at the end of the Palaeolithic (20,000-10,200 BP). In:
Levy, T.E. (ed), The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press, 141-
168.
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Session 2 The Natufian & the Aceramic Neolithic Natufian & early Neolithic: sedentism, plant domestication, villages, technological change, symbolism.
Overviews (read 2)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York. (Chap. 3)
Levy, T. (ed.) 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
Chapters by Valla on Natufian (pp. 169-187) and Bar-Yosef on the PPN (pp. 190-204).
Tsuneki, A., et al. 2006. The early PPNB in the north Levant. Paléorient 32(1): 47-71.
Models of Domestication (read 1)
Fuller, D., et al. 2011. Cultivation & domestication had multiple origins. World Archaeology 43(4): 628-652
Hayden, B. 2009. The proof is in the pudding. Current Anthropology 50(5): 597-601.
Hodder, I. 2001. Symbolism & the origins of agriculture. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11: 107-112.
Hodder, I. 2012. Entangled. Oxford: Wiley & Blackwell. Chapters 9-10.
Moore, A., Hillman, G. 1992 The Pleistocene-Holocene transition & human economy in SW Asia. American
Antiquity 57(3):482-494.
Zeder, M. & Smith, B. 2009. A conversation on agricultural origins. Current Anthropology 50(5): 681-690.
Social Organization, Emergence of Villages, “Collapse” (read 1)
Byrd, B. 2005. Reassessing the emergence of villages in the Near East. J. Arch. Research 13(3):231-290.
Goring-Morris, A. N. 2005. Life, death & the emergence of differential status in the Near Eastern Neolithic.
In J. Clarke (ed) Archaeological Perspectives on the Transmission & Transformation of Culture in the
Eastern Mediterranean: 89-105. Oxford: Oxbow.
Goring-Morris, N. & Belfer-Cohen, A. 2010. Great expectations of the inevitable collapse of the early
Neolithic of the Near East. In M. Bandy & J. Fox (eds) Becoming Villagers: 62-71. Tucson:
University of Arizona Press.
Kuijt, I. & Finlayson, B. 2009. Evidence for food storage and predomestication: granaries 11,000 years ago
in the Jordan Valley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106(27): 1066-1070.
Kuijt, I. 1995. Pre-pottery Neolithic A settlement variability. Journal of Mediterr. Arch. 7(1): 165-192.
Kuijt, I. & Goodale, N. 2009. Daily practice and the organization of space at the dawn of agriculture.
American Antiquity, 74(3): 403-422.
Kuijt I. & Goring-Morris N. 2002. Foraging, farming & social complexity in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of the
Southern Levant. Journal World Prehistory 16: 361-440.
Willcox, G. 2002. Charred plant remains from a 10th millennium BP kitchen at Jerf el-Ahmar. Vegetation
History & Archaeobotany, 11: 55-60.
Wright, K. 1994. Ground stone tools & hunter-gatherer subsistence in SW Asia. Amer. Antiq.59(2): 238-263.
Wright, K. 2000. The social origins of cooking & dining in early villages of western Asia. Proceedings
Prehistoric Soc. 66(1): 89-121.
Art, Symbolism, Ritual (read 1)
Bar-Yosef, O. 1985. A Cave in the Desert. Jerusalem: Israel National Museum.
Bar-Yosef, O. and Alon, D. 1988. Nahal Hemar Cave. Jerusalem: Atiqot 18.
Bar-Yosef Mayer, D. & Porat, N. 2008. Green stone beads at the dawn of agriculture. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences, 105(25): 8548-8551.
Cauvin J. 2000. The Birth of the Gods & the Origins of Agriculture. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Fletcher, A., Pearson, J. and Ambers, J. 2008. The manipulation of social and physical identity in the pre-
pottery Neolithic. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 18(3):309-325.
Goren, Y., Segal, I. and Bar-Yosef, O. 1993. Plaster artifacts and the interpretation of Nahal Hemar Cave.
Mitekufat Haeven, Journal of the Israel Prehistoric Society, 25(1):120-131.
*Goren, Y., et al.2008. The technology of skull modelling in the PPNB. J. Arch. Sci. 28(7): 671-690.
Goring-Morris, A.N. 2000. The quick and the dead. In Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: Social
Organization, Identity and Differentiation (ed I. Kuijt). New York: Kluwer /Plenum, pp. 103-136.
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Goring-Morris, N. & Horwitz, L. 2007. Funerals & feasts during the PPNB of the Near East. Antiquity
81(314): 902-919.
*Grissom, C. A. 2000. Neolithic statues from 'Ain Ghazal. American Journal of Archaeology, 104(1): 25-45.
Kuijt, I. 2000. Keeping the peace. In Kuijt (ed) Life in Neolithic Farming Communities: 137-164. New
York: Kluwer.
Stordeur, D. 2000. New discoveries in architecture & symbolism at Jerf el-Ahmar (Syria). Neo-Lithics,
2000(1): 1-4.
Wright, K. & Garrard, A. 2003. Social identities & the expansion of stone beadmaking in Neolithic western
Asia. Antiquity, 77(296): 267-284.
*Wright, K. et al. 2008. Stone bead technologies & early craft specialization. Levant, 40(2): 131-165.
Regional Interactions (read 1)
Asouti, E. 2006. Beyond the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B interaction sphere. Journ. World Prehistory 20: 87-126.
Garrard, A., et al. 1996. Emergence of crop cultivation & caprine herding in the marginal zone of the
southern Levant. In D. Harris (ed) The Origins & Spread of Agriculture & Pastoralism in Eurasia.
London: UCL, 204-226. HA HAR
Peltenburg, E. J. 2001. Agro-pastoralist colonization of Cyprus in the 10th millennium BP: initial
assessments. Antiquity, 74: 844-853.
Peltenburg, E. & Wasse, A. 2004. Neolithic Revolution. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
Watkins, T. 2008. Supraregional networks in the Neolithic of SW Asia. J. World Prehis. 21(2): 139-171.
For further reading
Akkermans, P. 1993. Villages in the Steppe. Ann Arbor, Mich: International Monographs in Prehistory.
Bar-Yosef, O., 1986. The walls of Jericho: an alternative interpretation. Current Anthropology 27: 157-162.
Bar-Yosef, O., Goring-Morris, A.N. and Gopher, A. 2010. Gilgal. Oxford: American School of Prehistoric Research
Monograph, Oxbow Books.
Bar-Yosef, O. & Valla, F. (eds) 1991. The Natufian Culture in the Levant. Madison: Prehistory Press.
Bar-Yosef, O. & Valla, F. (eds) 2013. Natufian Foragers in the Levant. Ann Arbor. Prehistory Press.
Byrd, B. F. 2005. Early Village Life at Beidha, Jordan. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Caneva, I. 2001. Beyond Tools: Redefining Pre-Pottery Neolithic Lithic Assemblages of the Levant. Berlin: Ex Oriente.
Croucher, K. 2012. Death & Dying in the Neolithic Near East. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Edwards, P. 2013. Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan. Leiden: E.J. Brill
Finlayson, B. & Mithen, S. 2011. Architecture, sedentism & social complexity at WF16, Jordan. Proceedings Nat.
Acad. of Sciences, 108: 8138-8188.
Gebel, H.G., et al. 2006. Basta II: the Architecture & Stratigraphy. Ex Oriente, Berlin.
Iwasaki, T. & Tsuneki, A. 2003. Archaeology of the Rouj Basin, Volume I. (Tell el-Kerkh) Japan: Univ. Tsukuba
Kuijt, I. 2000. Life in Neolithic Farming Communities. New York: Kluwer. (Kuijt, Goring-Morris, Rollefson)
Kuijt, I. 2009. Neolithic skull removal: enemies, ancestors & memory. Paléorient, 35(1): 91-94.
Kuijt, I. & Mahasneh, H. 1998. Dhra': an early Neolithic village. Journal Field Archaeology 25(1):153-161.
Moore, A. et al. 2000. Village on the Euphrates. Oxford: OUP. Ch. 4, 5, 12, Ch. 15.
Mellaart, J. 1975. The Neolithic of the Near East. London: Thames & Hudson. (illustrations)
Rollefson, G. et al. 1992. Neolithic cultures at 'Ain Ghazal, Jordan. Journ. of Field Archaeology 19(1): 443-470.
Shea, J. 2013. Stone Tools in the Palaeolithic & Neolithic Near East. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Verhoeven, M. 2002. Transformations of society. Paléorient, 28(1): 5-14
Verhoeven, M. & Akkermans, P. 2000. Tell Sabi Abyad II. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut .
Wright, K. 1993. Early Holocene ground stone assemblages in the Levant. Levant, 25(1): 93-111.
Zeder, M. 2011. The origins of agriculture in the Near East. Current Anthropology, 52(S4): 221-235.
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Session 3 Ceramic Neolithic & Chalcolithic
Emergence of ceramic cultures & development of complex non- urban societies
The Ceramic Neolithic: Overview (read 1)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York: CUP. (Chap. 4) (North Levant)
Gopher, A. 1995. Early pottery-bearing groups in Israel: the Pottery Neolithic period. In T. E. Levy (ed)
The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land: 205-225. Leicester: Leicester Univ. Press. (South Levant)
The Chalcolithic: Overview (read 1)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York: CUP. (Chap. 5) (North Levant)
Levy, T. 1995. Cult, metallurgy & rank societies. In T. Levy (ed) Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land,
226-243. Leicester: Leicester University Press. (South Levant)
Rowan, Y. & Golden, J. 2009. The Chalcolithic period of the southern Levant. Journal of World Prehistory
22: 1-92.
The Ceramic Neolithic: Social Organization (read 1)
Akkermans, P. 2000. Old & new perspectives on the origins of the Halaf culture, In O. Rouault & M. Wäfler
(eds)., La Djéziré et l'Euphrate syriens de la Protohistoire à la fin du IIe millénaire av.J.-C. Brepols:
Turnhout. 43-54.
Akkermans, P. 2010. Late Neolithic architectural renewal: the emergence of round houses in the northern
Levant, 6500-6000 BC. In Bolger, D. & Maguire, L.(eds) The Development of Pre-State Communities in
the Ancient Near East, 22-28. Oxford: Oxbow.
Akkermans, P. & Duistermaat, K. 1996. Of storage & nomads. Paleorient, 22(2):17-32.
Brereton, G. 2013. Cultures of infancy & capital accumulation in pre-urban Mesopotamia. World Arch.
45(2): 232-251.
Duistermaat, K. 2013. Private matters: the emergence of sealing practices in Neolithic Syria. In Interpreting
the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia (eds O.P. Nieuwenhuyse, et al), Turnhout: Brepols, 315-322.
Garfinkel, Y. & Miller, M. A. 2002. Sha'ar ha-Golan: Neolithic Art in Context. Oxford: Oxbow.
Gibbs, K. 2013. Late Neolithic pottery & ambiguous symbols in the southern Levant. Paléorient, 39: 69-84.
Nieuwenhuyse, O.P. 2013. The social uses of decorated ceramics in Late Neolithic Upper Mesopotamia. In
Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia (eds O.P. Nieuwenhuyse, R. Bernbeck, P.M.M.G.
Akkermans & J. Rogasch). Turnhout: Brepols, 315-322.
Tsuneki, A. 2011. A glimpse of human life from the Neolithic cemetery at Tell el Kerkh, northwest Syria.
Documenta Praehistorica 38.
Wright, K. I., et al. 2008. Stone bead technologies & early craft specialization. Levant, 40(2): 131-165.
The Chalcolithic: Social Organization (read 1)
Anfinsnet, N. 2011. The formation of economic systems & social institutions during the 5th-4th millennia BC
in the southern Levant. In T. Wilkinson, et al. (eds) Interweaving Worlds: 145-157. Oxford: Oxbow.
Drabsch, B. & Bourke, S. 2014. Ritual, art & society in the Levantine Chalcolithic: the ‘Processional’ wall
painting from Teleilat Ghassul. Antiquity 88 (342): 1081 - 1098
Joffe, A. H., Dessel, J. P., & Hallote, R. S. 2001. The "Gilat Woman": female iconography, Chalcolithic cult,
& the end of southern Levantine prehistory. Near Eastern Archaeology, 64(1/2): 8-23.
Namdar, D., et al. 2009. The contents of unusual cone-shaped vessels (cornets) from the Chalcolithic of the
southern Levant. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(3): 629-636.
Stein, G. 1994. Economy, ritual, & power in 'Ubaid Mesopotamia. In G. Stein & M. Rothman (eds)
Chiefdoms & Early States in the Near East. Prehistory Press: Madison (WI)., 35-45.
The Adoption of Ceramic Vessels (read 1)
*Gopher, A. & Goren, Y. 1995. The beginning of pottery. In T. E. Levy (ed) The Archaeology of Society in
the Holy Land: 224-225. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
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LeMière, M. & Picon, M. 2003. Appearance & first development of cooking & non-cooking ware concepts
in the Near East. In S. DiPierro, et al. (eds), Ceramic in the Society: 175-188. Fribourg.
*Nieuwenhuyse, O., Akkermans, P. , van der Plicht, J. 2010. Not so coarse, nor always plain – the earliest
pottery of Syria. Antiquity 84 (323): 71 - 85
Tsuneki, A. & Miyake, Y. 1996. The earliest pottery sequence of the Levant. Paléorient, 22(1): 109-123.
Metallurgy (read 1)
*Bar-Adon, P. 1980. The Cave of the Treasure. (Nahal Mishmar) Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society
Gopher, A., et al. 1996. The Nahal Qanah Cave. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
Hauptmann, A. 2007. The Archaeometallurgy of Copper. Heidelberg: Springer.
*Levy, T. E. 2007. Journey to the Copper Age. San Diego: San Diego Museum of Man.
Tadmor, M., et al. 1995. The Nahal Mishmar copper hoard. Atiqot 27: 95-148. (note conclusions)
Subsistence Economies (read 1)
Allentuck, A. 2015. Temporalities of human-livestock relationships in the late prehistory of the southern
Levant. Journal of Social Archaeology, 15(1): 94-115.
*Grigson, C. 1995. Plough & pasture in the early economy of the southern Levant. In T. Levy (ed) The
Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester. pp.245-68. ISSUE DESK DBE 100 LEV
Horwitz, L., et al. 1999. Animal domestication in the southern Levant. Paléorient, 25(2): 61-78.
Sherratt, A. 1981. Plough & pastoralism: aspects of the secondary products revolution. In A.Sherratt (ed)
Economy & Society in Prehistoric Europe. Edinburgh, pp.155-198. ISSUE DESK SHE9; DA 100 SHE
Selected Sites
Stern, E. et al. (eds) 1993. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem.
Shaar Hagolan; Ghassul; Nahal Mishmar (Cave of the Treasure); En Gedi; Gilat
Meyers, E. et al. 1996. (eds) Oxford Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology. Oxford. Byblos, Ras
Shamra (prehistoric occupations), Amuq
For further reading
Banning, E. 2002. Consensus & debate on the Late Neolithic & Chalcolithic of the southern Levant. Paléorient, 28(2):
148-155.
Blackham, M. 2002. Modelling Time & Transition in Prehistory. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Bourke, S. 2002. Teleilat Ghassul. In T. Levy & E. van den Brink (eds), Egypt & the Levant, 154-164. London.
Clarke, J. 2007. On the Margins of Southwest Asia: Cyprus during the 6th- 4th Millennia BC. Oxford: Oxbow.
Epstein, C. 2001. The Chalcolithic Culture of the Golan. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
Garfinkel, Y. & Epstein, C. 1999. Neolithic & Chalcolithic pottery of the Southern Levant. Jerusalem: Hebrew Univ.
Hijara, I. 1997. The Halaf Period in Northern Mesopotamia. Nabu: London.
Levy, T. 2006. Archaeology, Anthropology & Cult: The Sanctuary at Gilat. London: Equinox.
Lovell, J. L. & Rowan, Y. 2011. Culture, Chronology & the Chalcolithic:Theory & Transition. Oxford: Oakville.
Nieuwenhuyse, O. P. (ed) 2013. Interpreting the Late Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia. Turnhout: Brepols.
Rosen, S. A. 1997. Lithics after the Stone Age. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press.
Page 10
10
Session 4 The Early Bronze Age
Regional variations in early urbanism; north vs. south; contacts with Egypt & Mesopotamia
Historical Documents (scan 1)
Archi, A. 2003. Archival record keeping at Ebla 2400-2350 BC. In Ancient Archives & Archival Traditions
(ed M. Brosius). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 17-36.
Pritchard, J. 1967. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton: Princeton University Press. The Curse of Agade.
REFERENCE DBA 600 QTO
Overviews (read 1-2)
*Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. & 2002. The Archaeology of Syria. New York: Cambridge University Press.
(Chapters 6-9)
*Levy, T. (ed) 1995. The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester: Leicester Leicester: Leicester
University Press. (Gophna, 269-281).
MacDonald, B., et al. (eds) 2001. The Archaeology of Jordan. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic. (Philip on EBA)
The 4th millennium BCE: emergence of complexity & relations with Mesopotamia and Egypt (read 2)
Algaze, G. 1993. Expansionary dynamics of early pristine states. Amer. Anthropologist 95: 304-333.
*Brink, E. van den & Levy, T. 2002. Egypt & the Levant. New York. (Levy & Brink, 3-38; Levy & Kansa,
190-212)
Esse, D. 1989 Secondary state formation & collapse in Early Bronze Age Palestine. In P. de Miroschedji (ed)
L’urbanisation de la Palestine. 81-96. Oxford: BAR S-527. TC 992; DBE 100 Qto MIR
*Falconer, S. E. & Savage, S. H. 1995. Heartlands & hinterlands: alternative trajectories of early
urbanization in Mesopotamia & the southern Levant. Antiquity 60: 37-58.
Guyot, F. 2008. The origins of the "Nagadan expansion" & the interregional exchange mechanisms between
Lower Nubia, Upper & Lower Egypt, the south Levant & north Syria during the 1st half of the 4th
millennium B.C. In B. Midant-Reynes, et al. (eds), Egypt at its Origins 2: 707-740. Leuven: Peeters.
(also: Brink & Braun, 637-688)
Hartung, U. 2014. Interconnections between the Nile Valley & the Southern Levant in the 4th Millennium
B.C. In F. Hoflmayer & R. Eichmann (eds) Egypt & the Southern Levant in the Early Bronze Age: 107-
134. Berlin: Orient-Archäologie, Band 37.
Joffe, A. 1991. Early Bronze I & the evolution of social complexity in the southern Levant. Journal of
Mediterranean Archaeology, 4(1): 3-58.
Joffe, A.H. 2000. Egypt & Syro-Mesopotamia in the 4th millennium. Current Anthropology 41: 113-23.
*Lawrence, B. & Wilkinson, T. 2015. Hubs & upstarts: pathways to urbanism in the northern Fertile
Crescent. Antiquity 89 (344)
Paleorient special issue. 2013. The transition Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age in the southern Levant.
Paleorient 39 (1). esp. Braun & Roux, 15-22; Braun et al. 23-46; Hartung 177-191
Philip, G. 2002.Contacts between the Uruk world & the Levant during the 4th millennium BC. In J.N.
Postgate (ed) Artefacts of Complexity. Warminster: British School of Archaeology in Iraq,207-35.
Schwartz, G.M., 2001. Syria & the Uruk expansion. In: Rothman, M.S. (ed), Uruk Mesopotamia & its
Neighbors. School of American Research, Sante Fe, 233-264.
Weiss, H., et al. 1993. The genesis & collapse of third millennium BC north Mesopotamian civilization.
Science 261: 995-1004.
The Southern Levant in EB II-III . (read 1)
*Chesson, M. 2007. Remembering & forgetting in Early Bronze Age mortuary practices on the southeastern
Dead Sea plain, Jordan. In N. Laneri (ed) Performing Death: 109-141. Chicago: University of Chicago.
Chesson, M. & Philip, G. 2003. Tales of the city? Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 16(1): 3-16.
Falconer, S. & Savage, S. 2009. The Bronze Age political landscape of the southern Levant. In S. Falconer
& C. L. Redman (eds) Polities & Power: 125-151. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. AH FAL
Finkelstein, I.1991.Early Arad: urbanism of the nomads. Zeitschrift für Deutsche Palästina Vereins,106:34-
50.
Page 11
11
Harrison, T. 1997. Shifting patterns of settlement in the highlands of central Jordan in the EBA. Bull.
American Sch. of Oriental Research 306: 1-38.
Harrison, T. 2001. Early Bronze social organization as reflected in burial patterns from the southern Levant.
In: Wolff, S.R. (ed), Studies in the Archaeology of Israel & Neighboring Lands. Chicago: Univ. of
Chicago, 215-236.
*Levy, T. et al. 2002. Early Bronze Age metallurgy: a newly discovered copper manufactory in southern
Jordan. Antiquity 76, 425-437.
*Levy, T. E. 2007. Journey to the Copper Age. San Diego: San Diego Museum of Man.
Miroschedji, P. d. & Sadeq, M. 2005. The frontier in the Early Bronze Age: preliminary soundings at Tell al-
Sakan (Gaza Strip). In J. Clarke (ed) Archaeological Perspectives on the Transmission &
Transformation of Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean: 155-169. Oxford: Oxbow.
*Philip, G. 2003. The Early Bronze Age of the southern Levant: a landscape approach. Journal of
Mediterranean Archaeology, 16(1): 103-132.
*Savage, S. H., et al. 2007. The Early Bronze Age city-states of the southern Levant: neither cities nor states.
In T. E. Levy, et al. (eds) Crossing Jordan: 285-300. London: Equinox.
The Northern Levant in EB II-III (read 1)
*Espinal, A., 2002. The role of the temple of Baalat Gebal as intermediary between Egypt & Byblos during
the Old Kingdom. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 30, 103-119.
Frost, H. 2005. Byblos and the sea. In: Doumet-Serhal, C. (ed) Decade. A Decade of Archaeological
Research in Lebanon. London.
Matthiae, P. and Marchetti, N. 2013. Ebla and its Landscape. Walnut Creek, California: Left Coast Press.
*Mazzoni, S. 2003. Ebla: crafts & power in an emergent state of 3rd millennium Syria. Journal of
Mediterranean Archaeology 16: 173-191.
Philip, G., et al. 2005. Settlement & landscape development in the Homs region, Syria. Levant 37, 21-42.
Porter, A. 2002. Communities in conflict: death & the contest for social order in the Euphrates River valley.
Near Eastern Archaeology, 65(3): 156-173.
Porter, A. 2002. The dynamics of death: ancestors, pastoralism & the origins of a 3rd millennium city in
Syria. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 325: 1-36.
Milano, L. 1995. Ebla. In Sasson, J. (ed), Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York, 1219-1230.
Schwartz, G. M. 2006. A third-millennium B.C. elite mortuary complex at Umm el-Marra, Syria. American
Journal of Archaeology, 110(4): 603-641.
Schwartz, G. 2007. Status, ideology & memory in third millennium Syria: the 'royal' tombs at Umm el-
Marra. In: Laneri, N. (ed), Performing Death. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Schwartz, G. 2012. Era of the living dead: funerary praxis & symbol in 3rd millennium BC Syria. In P.
Pfälzner et al. (eds), Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East: 59-78. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz.
The EBA ‘collapse’ (EBIV) (read 1)
Dever, W. 1992. Pastoralism & the end of the Early Bronze Age in Palestine. In Pastoralism in the Levant
(eds. O. Bar-Yosef & A. Khazanov). Madison: Prehistory Press, 83-92. DBD 100 BAR
Matthiae, P. 1989. The destruction of Ebla royal palace G. In High, Middle or Low (ed. P. Astrom).
Gothenburg: Univ. of Gothenburg, 163-169. AJ 10 AST
*Rosen, A, 1995. The social response to environmental change in EBA Canaan. Journ. Anthrop.
Archaeology 14: 26-44.
Weiss, H. 2000. Causality & chance: late 3rd millennium collapse in southwest Asia. In: O. Rouault & M.
Wafler (eds) La Djéziré et l’Euphrate syriens. Turnhout : Brepols, 207-17. DBD 100 QTO ROU
Weiss, H. & Bradley, R. S. 2001. What drives societal collapse? Science, 291(5504): 609-610.
Page 12
12
Session 5 The Middle Bronze Age
The florescence of the Amorite & Canaanite worlds; the Hyksos; Minoan contacts.
Historical Documents (scan a selection)
Pritchard, J. 1967. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. The Mari Letters; Execration Texts; Expulsion of the
Hyksos. REFERENCE DBA 600 QTO
Overviews (read 2)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. The Archaeology of Syria. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. (Ch. 9)
Ilan, D. 1995. The dawn of internationalism: the Middle Bronze Age. In The Archaeology of Society in the
Holy Land (ed. T. Levy). Leicester, 297-319.
Southern Levant (read 1)
Andreou, P. 2012, Thanatography & the contextualization of ritual activities. preliminary observations on
mortuary ritual practice at Middle Bronze Age Jericho. In: Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the
Ancient Near East. (Pfälzner, P., et al., eds.), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 137-148.
*Bietak, M. 2009. From where came the Hyksos & where did they go? In M. Marée (ed) The Second
Intermediate Period (13th-17th Dynasties): Leuven: Peeters.
Bietak, M. & Forstner-Müller, I. 2009. The Hyksos palace at Tell ed-Dab'a. Ägypten & Levante, 19: 1-28.
Cohen, S. L. 2009. Cores, peripheries & ports of power: theories of Canaanite development in the early
second millennium BCE. In J. D. Schloen (ed) Exploring the longue durée: essays in honor of
Lawrence E. Stager: 69-76. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. DBE 100 SCH
Falconer, S.E., Fall, P. and Jones, J. 2007. Life at the foundation of Bronze Age civilization: agrarian
villages in the Jordan valley. In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology
of Jordan (eds T.E. Levy, P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M. Shaer). London: Equinox, 261-
268.
Finkelstein, I. 1992. Middle Bronze Age 'fortifications.' Tel Aviv 19: 201-220.
*Goren, Y. & Cohen-Weinberger, A. 2004. Levantine - Egyptian interactions: preliminary results of the
petrographic study of the Canaanite pottery from Tell el-Dab'a. Äegypten und Levante (Egypt & the
Levant), 14: 69-100.
*Hallote, R. S. 2002. Real & ideal identities in MBA tombs. Near Eastern Archaeology, 65(2): 105-111.
Niemeier, B. & W.-D.Niemeier 2000. Aegean frescoes in Syria-Palestine: Alalakh & Tel Kabri. In S.Sherratt
(ed) The Wall Paintings of Thera. Athens: Thera Foundation, pp.763-802. ISSUE DESK SHE
11,12,13
Stager, L. E. 2001. Port power in the Early & Middle Bronze Age. In S. R. Wolff (ed) Studies in the
archaeology of Israel & neighboring lands in memory of Douglas L Esse: 625-638. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press. DBA 100 Qto WOL
Northern Levant (read 2)
Iamoni, M. 2015, The eastern palace of Qatna & the Middle Bronze Age architectural tradition of western
Syria. In: Qatna & the Networks of Bronze Age Globalism, (Pfälzner, P. & al-Maqdissi, M., eds. ),
Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 451-466.
*Marchetti, N., Nigro, L., 1997. Cultic activities in the sacred area of Ishtar at Ebla during the Old Syrian
Period. Journal of Cuneiform Studies 49, 1-44.
Pfälzner, P. 2015, Royal funerary practices & inter-regional contacts in the Middle Bronze Age Levant: new
evidence from Qatna. In: Contextualising Grave Inventories in the Ancient Near East (Pfälzner, P., et al.,
eds.), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 141-156.
Qatna (Mishrife) Project Website. http://www.qatna.org/en-index.html. See: Mishrife in the Middle Bronze
Age; Operation J; The Pottery Maufacturing Area on the Summit of the Acropolis
Ristvet, L. & Weiss, H. 2005. The Habur region in the late third & early second millennia BC. In The
History & Archaeology of Syria, Volume 1 (ed W. Orthmann). Saarbrucken: Saarbrucken.
Ristvet, L. 2008. Legal & archaeological territories of the second millennium BC in northern Mesopotamia.
Antiquity, 82(317): 585-599.
Page 13
13
Ristvet, L. 2012, Resettling Apum: tribalism & tribal states in the Tell Leilan Region, Syria. In: Looking
North, (Laneri, N., Pfälzner, P., & Valentini, S., eds.), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 37-50.
*Sader, H. 2015, Intertwined history: Lebanon's role in the transmission of Egyptian culture to inland Syria
in the Middle Bronze Age. In: Qatna & the Networks of Bronze Age Globalism (Pfälzner, P. & al-
Maqdissi, M., eds.), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 117-126.
Weiss, H., Akkermans, P., Stein, G.J., Parayre, D. & Whiting, R. 1990. 1985 Excavations at Tell Leilan,
Syria. American Journal of Archaeology, 94(4):529-581.
Weiss, H. 1985. Tell Leilan on the Habur plains of Syria. Biblical Archaeologist, 48(1):5-34.
*Ziegler, N. 2015, Qatna at the time of Samsi-Addu. In: Qatna & the Networks of Bronze Age Globalism,
(Pfälzner, P. & al-Maqdissi, M., eds. ) Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 139-148.
For further reading
South Levant
Bietak, M. (ed) 2002. The Middle Bronze Age in the Levant. Vienna.
Burke, A. 2008. Walled up to Heaven. Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, Indiana.
Cohen, S. L. 2002. Canaanites, Chronologies & Connections. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Hallote, R. 1995. Mortuary archaeology & the MBA southern Levant. Journal of Mediterranean Arch. 8(1): 93-122.
Hallote, R. 2001. Tombs, cult & chronology. In S.R. Woolf (ed) Studies in the Archaeology of Israel & Neighbouring
Lands in Memory of Douglas L. Esse. Chicago, 199-214.
Kenyon, K. M. & Holland, T. A. 1960. Excavations at Jericho, Volumes I-II: London: BSAJ
Kopetzky, K. 2015, Burial practices & mortuary rituals at Tell el-Dab'a, Egypt. In: Contextualising Grave Inventories in
the Ancient Near East: (Pfälzner, P., et al., eds.). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 123-140.
Niemeier, W.-D. 1991. Minoan artisans travelling overseas. In Thalassa (eds R. Laffineur & L. Basch). Aegaeum 7,
189-201. ISSUE DESK LAF
Oren, E. (ed) 1997. The Hyksos. Philadelphia.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1931. Ancient Gaza I-V. London: BSAE. Volume V.
Phillip, G. 1995. Warrior burials in the ancient Near Eastern Bronze Age. In S.Campbell & A. Green (eds) The
Archaeology of Death in the Ancient Near East. Oxford, 140-154. DBA 100 Qto CAM; Issue Desk
North Levant
Doumet-Serhal, C. 2004. Sidon (Lebanon): twenty Middle Bronze Age burials. Levant 36: 89-154.
Doumet-Serhal, C. 2004. Weapons from the Middle Bronze Age burials at Sidon. In C. Doumet-Serhal (ed) Decade.
154-179. Beirut: The Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum. DBD 100 QTO DOU
Frost, H. 2004. Byblos & the sea. In C. Doumet-Serhal (ed) Decade, 316-347. Beirut.
Margueron, J. 1995. Mari. Sasson (ed) Civilizations of the Ancient Near East: 885-899. New York. DBA100
Matthiae, P. 1979. Ebla in the Period of the Amorite Dynasties & the Dynasty of Akkad. Malibu: Undena.
Matthiae, P. 1980, Ebla: an Empire Rediscovered. Hodder & Stoughton, London.
Matthiae, P. 1984. New discoveries at Ebla. Biblical Archaeologist 47: 18-32.
Matthiae, P. 1990. A new monumental temple of MB II at Ebla & the unity of architectural tradition in Syria-Palestine.
Annales archéologiques arabes syriennes 40: 111-121.
Matthiae, P., et al. 1995, Ebla alle origini della civiltà urbana Electa, Milano.
Meyers, E. 1996. Oxford Encyclopedia of Near Eastern Archaeology. Alalakh, Byblos, Ebla, Mari. DBE100
Niemeier, B. & W.-D.Niemeier 2000. Aegean frescoes in Syria-Palestine: Alalakh & Tel Kabri. In E.S.Sherratt (ed) The
Wall Paintings of Thera. Athens: Thera Foundation, pp.763-802. Issue Desk SHE 12, SHE 13
Pfälzner, P. 2012, The question of deurbanisation versus reurbanisation of the Syrian Jazirah in the late third & early
second millennium BC. In: Looking North (Laneri, N., et al. eds.) Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: 51-80.
Woolley, L. 1955. Alalakh. London: Society of Antiquaries. DBC 10 WOO SITE REPORT. (Level VII)
Yener, K.A. (ed) 2010. Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh. Volume 1. Istanbul: Koç Üniversitesi.
Page 14
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Session 6 Late Bronze Age
The Levant & its relationship to the empires of the Egyptian New Kingdom, Mitanni & the Hittites.
Historical Documents (scan a selection)
Pritchard, J. (ed) 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton. The Story of Idrimi; Asiatic Campaigns of
Thutmosis III; The Battle of Megiddo; Amarna Letters; Beth-Shan Stelae of Seti I & Ramesses II;
Asiatic Campaigns of Ramesses II; The Battle of Kadesh; Ugaritic texts. DBA 600 QTO
Schloen, J. D. 2001. The House of the Father as Fact & Symbol. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Young, G. (ed) 1981. Ugarit in Retrospect. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.
Overviews (read 2)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York. (Chap. 10) ISSUE DESK AKK
Bunimovitz, S. 1995. On the edge of empires: the Late Bronze Age. In The Archaeology of Society in the
Holy Land (ed. T. Levy). Leicester, 320-331. DBE 100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
Southern Levant (read 1)
*Bonfil R, Zarzecki-Peleg A. 2007. The palace in the upper city of Hazor as an expression of a Syrian
architectural paradigm. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 348, 25-47.
Dothan, T. 1987. The impact of Egypt on Canaan during the 18th-19th dynasties in light of excavations at
Deir el-Balah. In Egypt, Israel, Sinai (ed. A. Rainey). Tel Aviv, 121-135. DBE 100 RAI
Finkelstein, I. 1993. The socio-political organization of the central hill country in the 2nd millennium. In
Biblical Archaeology Today II (eds. A. Biran & J. Aviram). Jerusalem, 119-131. DBE 100 ISR
*Goren, Y. et al 2002. Petrographic examination of Amarna tablets. Near Eastern Archaeology, 65:196-205.
Goren, Y. & et al 2003. The expansion of the kingdom of Amurru according to the petrographic
investigation of the Amarna tablets. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 329: 1-11.
Higginbotham, C. 1996. Elite emulation & Egyptian governance in Ramesside Canaan. Tel Aviv 23(2).
*Mazar, A. 1997. 4000 years of history at Tel Beth-Shean. Biblical Archaeologist 60(2).
Steel, L. 2002. Consuming passions: a contextual study of the local consumption of Mycenaean pottery at
Tell el-'Ajjul. Journal of Mediterranean Arch. 15: 25-51.
Northern Levant (read 2)
*Dassow, E. von 2005. Archives of Alalakh IV in archaeological context. Bulletin of the American Schools
of Oriental Research 338, 1-69.
Glatz, C. 2009. Empire as network: spheres of material interaction in Late Bronze Age Anatolia. Journal of
Anthropological Archaeology, 28: 127-141.
Heinz, M. 2004. Kamid el-Loz: from village to city & back to village. In C. Doumet-Serhal (ed) Decade:
562-581. Beirut: Lebanese British Friends of the National Museum. DBD 100 Qto DOU
*Lange, K. 2005. Unearthing ancient Syria's cult of the dead. National Geographic 207(2):113-123.
Macqueen, J. 1995. The history of Anatolia & the Hittite empire: an overview. In J. Sasson (ed) Civilizations
of the Ancient Near East. Vol. II, 1085-1105. DBA 100 SAS
*Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2004, The chronology of the royal palace of Qatna revisited. Egypt & the Levant,
14: 221-239.
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2015, The lower city palace at Qatna. In: Qatna & the Networks of Bronze Age
Globalism, (Pfälzner, P. & al-Maqdissi, M., eds. ), Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: p. 359-376.
*Pfälzner, P. 2012, How did they bury the kings of Qatna? In: Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the
Ancient Near East. (Pfälzner, P., et al., eds.) Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden: 205-220.
Qatna (Mishrife) Project Website. http://www.qatna.org/en-index.html. Mishrife in the Late Bronze;
Operation H; Royal Palace; Operation K; Lower City Palace
Wilhelm, G. 1995. Mitanni. In Sasson, Civilizations of the Ancient Near East., 1243-54. DBA100 SAS
*Yon, M. et al. 2000. Ugarit special issue. Near Eastern Archaeology, 63(4).
*Yon, M. 2006. The City of Ugarit at Tell Ras Shamra. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, esp. pp. 35-54; 78-97;
106-115.
Page 15
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Cyprus & the Eastern Mediterranean (read 1)
Budd, P. et al. 1995. Oxhide ingots, recycling & the Mediterranean metals trade. Journal of Mediterranean
Archaeology 8(1): 1-32. (and comments by Sherratt, Gale, Yener)
Cline, E. & Cline, M. 1991. Of shoes & ships & sealing wax. Expedition 33(3): 46-54.
*Goren, Y. 2003. The location of Alashiya. American Journal of Archaeology 107: 233-255.
*Grave, P., et al. 2014. Ceramics, trade, provenience & geology: Cyprus in the Late Bronze Age. Antiquity,
88: 1180-1200.
Keswani, P. 2012, Urban mortuary practices at Enkomi & Ugarit in the 2nd millennium BC. In:
Reconstructing Funerary Rituals in the Ancient Near East. (Pfälzner, P., et al. eds.). Harrassowitz,
Wiesbaden: p. 183-204.
Kolb, F. 2004. Troy VI: trading center & commercial city? American Journal of Archaeology 108: 577-613;
also Jablonka & Rose, 615-630.
Manning, S. 2014, Dating the Thera (Santorini) eruption: archaeological & scientific evidence supporting a
high chronology. Antiquity 88: 1164-1179.
Negbi O. 2005. Urbanism on Late Bronze Age Cyprus. BASOR 1-45.
Pulak, C. 1994. The Uluburun Shipwreck. International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 27(3): 11-224.
Sherratt, S. 2000, Circulation of metals & the end of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. In:
Metals Make the World Go Round, (Pare, C., Ed.), Oxbow, Oxford: p. 82-95. For further reading
Ben Tor, A. & Bonfil, R. 1997. Hazor V. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
Dassow, Eva.von 2008. State & Society in the Late Bronze Age. Bethesda: CDL Press.
Gale, N. 1991. Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean. London. Peltenburg; Sherratt & Sherratt; Bass.
Gonen, R. 1992. Burial Patterns & Cultural Diversity in LBA Canaan. Winona Lake. DBE 100 GON
Goren, Y. & et al 2004. Inscribed in Clay. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press. DBA 300 GOR
Hasel, M.G. 1998. Domination & Resistance. E.J. Brill, Leiden. EGYPTOLOGY B20 HAS.
Higginbotham, C. 2000. Egyptianization & Elite Emulation in Ramesside Palestine. Boston.
Liverani, M. 2001. International Relations in the Ancient Near East. Basingstoke: Palgrave. ANC HIST B61 LIV
Meyers, E. et al. 1996. Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East. Oxford. Alalakh, Ugarit, Byblos, Kamid
el-Loz, Kadesh/Nebi Mend; Carchemish; Uluburun, Enkomi, Kition DBE 100 Qto
Morandi-Bonacossi, D. & et al 2003. Tel Mishrife/Qatna. Akkadica, 124: 65-120.
Morandi-Bonacossi, D. 2006. A new royal statue from Tel Mishrife/Qatna. In Czerny, E. et al. (eds) Timelines: Studies
in Honor of Manfred Bietak. Leuven: OLA 149 Vol. 3, 53-62.
Morandi Bonacossi, D. 2008, Qatna I. Forum Editrice,
Pfälzner, P. & al-Maqdissi, M. 2015, Qatna & the Networks of Bronze Age Globalism. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.
Singer, I. 1999. A political history of Ugarit. In W. Watson & N. Wyatt (eds), Handbook of Ugaritic Studies: 603-733.
Leiden: Brill.
Soldt, W. H. van. 1995. Ugarit. in J. Sasson (eds) Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Vol. II, 1255-1266.
Stern, E. 1993. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Beth-Shean, Megiddo, Lachish,
Shechem, Hazor, Jericho, Gezer, Aphek, Deir el-Balah. DBE 100 Qto NEW
Tubb, J. 1998. The Canaanites. London: British Museum. DBE 100 TUB
Wachsmann, S. 1998. Seagoing Ships & Seamanship in the Bronze Age Levant. Dallas: Texas A&M University
Woolley, L.1953. A Forgotten Kingdom. Harmondsworth. (Ch. 7) ANC HIST H52 WOO
Woolley, L. 1955. Alalakh. London: Society of Antiquaries. DBC 10 WOO SITE REPORT. (Level IV)
Yener, K.A. (ed) 2010. Tell Atchana, ancient Alalakh. Volume 1. Istanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Yon, M. 1992. Ugarit, the urban habitat. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 286: 19-34.
Yon, M. 1992. The end of the kingdom of Ugarit. In W. Ward & M. Joukowsky (eds) The Crisis Years.
Dubuque:Kendall/Hunt, 111-122. ISSUE DESK WAR1; ANC HIST B6 WAR
Zacagnini, C. 1987 Aspects of ceremonial exchange in the Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC. In Centre &
Periphery in the Ancient World, ed. M. Rowlands et al., 57-65. Cambridge. AB ROW
Page 16
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Session 7 The LBA collapse; Philistia
The LBA collapse, the Sea Peoples & the emergence of Philistine cities.
Historical Documents (read a selection)
Pritchard, J. (ed) 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts (3rd Edition). Princeton: Princeton University Press.
DBA 600 Qto Hymn of Victory of Mernepthah - the 'Israel' stele; War Against the Sea Peoples
Overviews (read 1)
Dever, W. 1992. The Late Bronze-Early Iron I horizon in Syria-Palestine: Egyptians, Canaanites, 'Sea
Peoples' & Proto-Israelites. In The Crisis Years (eds. W. Ward & M. Joukowsky). Dubuque, 99-110.
(whole book is relevant) ISSUE DESK WAR1; ANC HIST B6 WAR
*Stager, L. 1995. The impact of the Sea Peoples in Canaan. In The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land
(ed. T. Levy). Leicester, 332-348. DBE 100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
The LBA collapse (read 1)
Drews, R. 1993. The End of the Bronze Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press. BC150 DRE.
*Nur, A. & Cline, E. 2000. Poseidon’s horses: plate tectonics & earthquake storms in the LBA Aegean &
eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Archaeological Science 27: 43-63.
Sherratt, S., 2000. Circulation of metals & the end of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Pare,
C. (ed) Metals Make the World Go Round. Oxbow, Oxford, 82-95.
Yurco, F. 1999. End of the Late Bronze Age & other crisis periods: a volcanic cause? E. Teeter & J. Larson
(eds). Gold of Praise, 455-463. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago. EGYPTOL QTO A6 WEN
*Yon, M. 1992. The end of the kingdom of Ugarit. In The Crisis Years (eds. W. Ward & M. Joukowsky).
Dubuque:Kendall/Hunt, 111- 122. ISSUE DESK WAR1; ANC HIST B6 WAR
Sea Peoples & Philistines (read 2)
Artzy, M. 1997. Nomads of the sea. In S. Swiny, R. L. Hohlfelder, & H. W. Swiny (eds), Res Maritimae:
Cyprus & the Eastern Mediterranean from Prehistory to Late Antiquity: 1-16. Atlanta: Scholars Press.
DAG 15 Qto SWI
Barako, T. 2000. The Philistine settlement as mercantile phenomenon. American Journal of Archaeology
104: 513-530.
Bauer, A. 1998. Cities of the sea: maritime trade & the origin of Philistine settlement in the early Iron Age
southern Levant. Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 17(2): 149-168.
Bunimovitz,S. 1990.Problems in ethnic identification of Philistine material culture. Tel Aviv 17:210-222.
Bunimovitz, S. & Yasur-Landau, A. 1996. Philistine & Israelite pottery. Tel Aviv 23(1).
Cline, E. H. & O'Connor, D. B. 2003. The mystery of the Sea Peoples. In D. B. O'Connor & S. Quirke (eds),
Mysterious Lands: Encounters with Ancient Egypt: London: UCL Press. EGYPTOLOGY B20 OCO;
ISSUE DESK OCO
Dothan, T. 1997. Tel Miqne-Ekron. In The Archaeology of Israel (eds. N. Silberman & D. Small). Sheffield:
Sheffield Academic Press, 98-106. DBE 100 SIL
Dothan, T. K. & Zukerman, A. 2004. A preliminary study of the Mycenaean IIIC1 pottery assemblages from
Tel Miqne-Ekron & Ashdod. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research, 333: 1-54.
Dothan, T. 1982. The Philistines & Their Material Culture. New Haven: Yale. DBE 100 DOT
Hesse, B.1986.Animal use at Tel Miqne-Ekron. Bulletin American Sch. Oriental Research 264: 17-28.
Hesse, B. 1990. Pig lovers & pig haters. Journal of Ethnobiology, 10(2): 195-225.
Oren, E. 2000. The Sea Peoples & their World. Philadelphia: Univ. Pennsylvania. DBA 100 ORE
Stern, E. et al. (eds) 1993. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land.
Jerusalem. Ashdod (XIII & XII-X); Ashkelon; Miqne-Ekron (VII & VI-IV); Qasile (XII-X). DBE 100
Qto
Strange, J. 2000. The Philistine city-states. In M. H. Hansen (ed) A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State
Cultures: 129-139. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters.
Wachsmann, S. 1997. Were the Sea Peoples Mycenaeans? The evidence of ship iconography. In S. Swiny, et
al. (eds), Res Maritimae. Nicosia, Cyprus, 339-356. DAG 15 Qto SWI
Page 17
17
For further reading
Finkelstein, I. 1995. The date of the settlement of the Philistines in Canaan. Tel Aviv, 22(2): 213-239.
Gitin, S., Mazar, A. & Stern, E. (eds). 1998. Mediterranean Peoples in Transition. Jerusalem. DAG 100 GIT; ISSUE
DESK GIT (Ashkelon & Miqne-Ekron)
Gunneweg, J. et al. 1986. On the origin of pottery from Tel Miqne-Ekron. Bull. Amer. Schools of Oriental Research,
264: 3-16.
Killebrew, A. et al. 1996. Tel Miqne-Ekron: the Bronze & Iron ages. Jerusalem: Albright Institute of Archaelogical
Research.
Master, D. 2003. Trade & politics: Ashkelon's balancing act in the seventh century BCE. Bulletin of the American
Schools of Oriental Research, 330.
Petrie, W. M. F. 1928. Gerar. London: British school of Archaeology in Egypt.
Petrie, W. M. F., et al. 1930. Beth-pelet (Tell Fara). London: British school of archaeology in Egypt etc.
Stager, L., Schloen, D., Master, D. 2008. Ashkelon. 1.Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 ASH
Stager, L., Schloen, D., Master, D. 2008. Ashkelon 3. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 ASH
Stone, B. 1995. The Philistines & acculturation. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 298: 7-32.
Page 18
18
Session 8 Neo-Hittites, Aramaeans, Phoenicia
City-states of the northern Levant in the Iron Age
Historical Documents (read a selection)
Pritchard, J. (ed) 1969. Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton. Ben-Hadad of Damascus; Zakir of Hamat &
Lu'ath; Journey of Wen-Amon; Ahiram of Byblos; Tabnit of Sidon; Eshmunazar of Sidon
Klengel, H. 1992. Syria, 3000-300 BC. Berlin. Chapter 4.2-4.3 (pp. 187-219) DBD 100 KLE
Neo-Hittites (read 1)
Hawkins, J.D. 1981. The Neo-Hittite states in Syria & Anatolia. In The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume
III Part 1 (2nd Ed.) (ed. I.E.S. Edwards et al.). Cambridge. DBA 100 CAM
Hawkins, J. David. 1995. Karkamish & Karatepe: Neo-Hittite city-states in north Syria. In Jack M. Sasson et
al., eds., Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. II. New York, 1295-1307. DBA 100 SAS
Thuesen, I. 2002. The Neo-Hittite city-states. In M. H. Hansen (ed) A Comparative Study of Six City-State
Cultures: 43-55. Copenhagen: Danish Academy of Sciences & Letters. BC 100 Qto HAN
Aramaeans (read 1)
Akkermans, P. & Schwartz, G. 2002. Archaeology of Syria. New York. (Chap. 11) ISSUE DESK AKK
Dion, Paul E., 1995. Aramaean tribes & nations of first-millennium western Asia. In: J. Sasson (ed)
Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. New York. Vol. II: 1281-1294. DBA 100 SAS
Ward, W. & Joukowsky, M. (eds) 1996. The Crisis Years. Dubuque. (Sader, McClellan, Caubet) ISSUE
DESK WAR1 ; ANC. HIST. B6 WAR
Weiss, H. (ed) 1985. Ebla to Damascus. Washington. DBD 300 WEI (Snell & Strommenger, p. 322-9)
Phoenicians (read 1)
*Aubet, M. E. 2004. The Tyre al Bass necropolis. In C. Doumet-Serhal (ed) Decade: A Decade of
Archaeology & History in the Lebanon, 16-27. Beirut. DBD 100 Qto DOU
Bikai, P. 1992. The Phoenicians. In The Crisis Years (eds. W. Ward & M. Joukowsky). Dubuque, Iowa:
Kendall/Hunt, 132-141. ANC. HIST. B6 WAR
Gubel, E. 1999. The Phoenicians. In Binst, O. et al. 1999. The Levant: History & Archaeology in the Eastern
Mediterranean. Köln (Cologne): Könemann, 46-79.
Markoe, G. 2000. The Phoenicians. Berkeley: University of California Press. DBE100 MAR
Moscati, S. (ed) 1988. The Phoenicians. Milan/: Bompiani/John Murray. DAG Qto VEN
*Pritchard, J. 1978. Recovering Sarepta, a Phoenician City. Princeton. DBD 10 PRI
Rollig, W. 1983. On the origins of the Phoenicians. Berytus 31: 79-93.
*Stern, E. 1995. Between Persia & Greece. In The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land (ed. Thomas
Levy). Leicester: Leicester University Press, 432-445. DBE 100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
Phoenicia, Cyprus & Colonization (read 1)
Aubet, M.E. 1993. The Phoenicians & the West. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. DAG 100 AUB
*Ballard, R. D. & et al 2002, Iron Age shipwrecks in deep water off Ashkelon, Israel. American Journal of
Archaeology, 106: 151-168.
Bisi, A. 1992. Early Phoenician presence in the Mediterranean islands. American Journal of Archaeology,
96. SENATE HOUSE Classics Library
Dommelen, P. von 2005. Colonial interactions & hybrid practices: Phoenician & Carthaginian settlement in
the ancient Mediterranean. In: G. Stein (ed) The Archaeology of Colonial Encounters. Santa Fe:
School of American Research Press, 109-142. AH STE
Frankenstein, S. 1979. The Phoenicians in the far west. In M. Larsen (ed) Power & Propaganda.
Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag (Mesopotamia 7), 263-294. DBB Series MES 7
Niemeyer, H. G. 2000. The early Phoenician city-states on the Mediterranean. In M. Hansen (ed) A
Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures: 89-115. Copenhagen. BC 100 Qto HAN
Page 19
19
Schwartz, J., et al. 2012, Bones, teeth, & estimating age of perinates: Carthaginian infant sacrifice revisited.
Antiquity, 85: 859-874.
Smith, P., et al. 2011 Aging cremated infants: sacrifice at the tophet of Carthage. Antiquity, 85: 859-874.
Stieglitz, R. 1990 The geopolitics of the Phoenician littoral in the early Iron Age. Bulletin of the American
Schools of Oriental Research 279: 9-12.
Waldbaum, J. 1994. Early Greek contacts with the south Levant. Bull. Amer. Sch. Oriental Rsch 293, 53-66.
Xella, P., et al. 2012, Phoenician bones of contention. Antiquity, 87(338): 1199-1207.
*Yon, M. 1997. Kition in the 10th-4th centuries BC. Bulletin Amer. Schools Oriental Research, 308: 9-18.
Evolution & Spread of the Alphabet (read 1)
Cross, F. 1980. Old Canaanite & early Phoenician scripts. Bulletin Amer. Sch. Oriental Research, 238:1-20.
*Cross, F.M. 1985. Origins of the alphabet. In Ebla to Damascus (ed. H. Weiss). Washington, D.C.:
Smithsonian, 271-278. DBD 300 WEI
Isserlin, B. 1982. The earliest alphabetic writing. In The Cambridge Ancient History (Second Edition), Vol.
III Part 1 (ed. J. Boardman et al). Cambridge. 794-818. DBA 100 CAM Reference
Kooij, G. van der 1987. The identity of trans-Jordanian alphabetic writing in the Iron Age. Studies in the
History & Archaeology of Jordan III (ed. A. Hadidi). Amman: Department of Antiquities, 107-122.
*Millard, A. R. 1986. The infancy of the alphabet. World Archaeology, 17(3): 390-398.
Naveh, Y. 1987. Early History of the Alphabet. Jerusalem: Magness Press. HEBREW P25 NAV
For further reading
Neo-Hittites & Aramaeans
Daviau, P. M. M., et al. 2001. The World of the Aramaeans. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic. ANC HIST HK5 DAV
Lipinski, E. 2000. The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Leuven: Peeters. DBE 100 LIP
Parpola, S. & Porter, M. 2001. Helsinki Atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian Period, Helsinki.
Pitard, W. 1987. Ancient Damascus. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. (Chapters 4-6) DBD 10 PIT
Stone, E. C. & Zimansky, P. E. 1999. The Iron Age Settlement at 'Ain Dara. Oxford: J. & E. Hedges. DBD Qto STO
Winter, I. 1997. Art in empire. In Assyria 95 (eds. S. Parpola & R.Whiting). Helsinki. DBB 200 PAR
Yamada, S. 2000. The Construction of the Assyrian Empire. Boston: Brill.
Phoenicia
Anderson, W. 1988. Sarepta I. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. DBD 10 SERIES SAR
Aubet. M. 2002. Tyre al-Bass. Bulletin d’art et archeologie de Liban. (BAAL). PERIODICALS
Bettles, E. 2003, Phoenician Amphora Production & Distribution in the Southern Coastal Levant. BAR S1183, Oxford.
Bikai, P. 1992. Phoenicians. In The Crisis Years (eds. W. Ward & M. Joukowsky). Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt, 132-141.
Bikai, P. & Bikai, P. 1987. Tyre at the end of the twentieth century. Berytus 35: 67-96.
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 1990. Volume 279 (Anderson, Clifford, Markoe, Stieglitz,
Stern)
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 1997. Volume 308 (Cyprus; Buitron-Oliver, Childs, Yon)
Curvers, H. H. & Stuart, B. 2004. Beirut central district archaeology project, 1994-2003. In C. Doumet-Serhal (ed)
Decade: 248-265. Beirut. DBD 100 QTO DOU
Gras, M., et al. 1991. The Phoenicians & death. Berytus 39: 127-176. PERIODICALS B
Herrmann, G. & Millard, A. 2003. Who used ivories in the early first millennium BC? In T. Potts, M. Roaf & D. Stein
(eds) Culture through Objects. Oxford: Griffith Institute, 377-402. ISSUE DESK POT 3
Institut du Monde Arabe 1998. Liban. Paris. DBD 100 LIB section on Phoenicians –illustrations
Joukowsky, M. (ed) 1992 The Heritage of Tyre. Dubuque: Kendall-Hunt. DBD 200 JOU
Luke, J. 2003. Ports of Trade, Al Mina & Geometric Greek Pottery in the Levant. Oxford: Archaeopress.
Schreiber, N. 2003. The Cypro-Phoenician pottery of the Iron Age. Leiden: Brill. DAG 15 SCH
Stern, E.. (ed) 1993. New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land. Jerusalem. Akhziv, Dor
Stern, E. 1995. Excavations at Dor. Jerusalem: Hebrew University. DBE 10 QTO STE
Ziderman, I. 1990. Seashells & ancient purple dyeing. Biblical Archaeologist, 53(2): 98-103.
Page 20
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Session 9 Israel & Judah
South Levantine Iron Age kingdoms, between Philistia & Phoenicia
Historical Documents (read a selection)
Pritchard, J., 1967., Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DBA 600 QTO PR,
DBA 100 PRI; EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS R 80 PRI. The Moabite Stone, Samaria Ostraca; Siloam;
Lachish Ostraca
Overviews (read either the 3 articles in Levy (ed), or the Finkelstein-Silberman book)
Levy, T. (ed) The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land: 349-367. Leicester: Leicester University Press.
(Read Finkelstein, 349-377; Holladay, 368-398; and Dever, 416-431).
Finkelstein, I. & Silberman, N. A. 2001. The Bible Unearthed. New York: Free Press. DBE 100 FIN ISSUE
DESK FIN (entire book)
The Bible & Archaeology. (read 1)
The Bible: 2 Kings 3: 4-27. http://www.biblegateway.com
Dever, W. 2001. What Did the Biblical Writers Know & When Did They Know It?. Cambridge: Eerdmans.
Chapter 4, “Getting at the History Behind the History,”, 97-157. ISSUE DESK DEV.
*Finkelstein, I. 2005. Archaeology, the Bible, & the history of the Levant in the Iron Age. In S. Pollock & R.
Bernbeck (eds) Archaeologies of the Middle East. Oxford: Blackwell, pp.207-222. ISSUE DESK
van Seters, J. 1997. In Search of History. (esp. Ch. 7). Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ANCIENT HISTORY A8
VAN; SENATE HOUSE HISTORY 6th Floor (63) L43 Van; SOAS QB907.2 /482462.
State Formation (read 1)
Finkelstein, I. 1996. The archaeology of the United Monarchy: an alternative view. Levant, 28: 177-187.
Master, D. 2001. State formation theory & the kingdom of ancient Israel. Journal of Near Eastern Studies,
60: 117-131.
Chronology Debate (read 1 by each author)
Finkelstein, I., 2005. A Low Chronology update: archaeology, history & the Bible. In: Levy, T.E., Higham,
T. (eds), The Bible & Radiocarbon Dating. Equinox, London, 31-42.
Finkelstein, I., 2007. King Solomon's golden age: history or myth? In: Schmidt, B.B. (ed) The Quest for the
Historical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, 107-116.
Mazar, A., 2007. The search for David & Solomon: an archaeological perspective. In: Schmidt, B.B. (ed)
The Quest for the Historical Israel. Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta, 117-139.
Mazar, A., 2005. The debate over the chronology of the Iron Age in the southern Levant. In: Levy, T.E.,
Higham, T. (eds), The Bible & Radiocarbon Dating. Equinox, London, 15-30.
Selected Sites (read 1) (see also “For further reading” for more)
Bruins, H.J., et al., 2003. C14 dates from Tel Rehov: Iron Age chronology, pharaohs, & Hebrew kings.
Science 300, 315-318.
Finkelstein, I. & Ussishkin, D. 2000. Archaeological & historical conclusions. In I. Finkelstein, D.
Ussishkin, & B. Halpern (eds), Megiddo III: the 1992-1996 seasons. Volume 2: Tel Aviv: Emery &
Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University.
Franklin, N., 2008. Trademarks of the Omride builders? In: Fantalkin, A., Yasur-Landau, A. (eds) Bene
Israel: Studies in the Archaeology of Israel & the Levant in Honour of Israel Finkelstein. Leiden, 45-54.
Halpern, B. 1994. The stela from Dan. Bulletin of American Schools of Oriental Research 296: 63-80.
Mazar, A. 1993. Beth-Shean in the Iron Age. Israel Exploration Journal, 43:201-229.
Miller, R. 2004. Identifying earliest Israel. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 333: 55-68.
Peersmann, J. 2000. Assyrian Magiddu: the town planning of stratum III. In I. Finkelstein, D. Ussishkin, &
B. Halpern (eds), Megiddo III. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. DBE 10 FIN
Stager, L. 1990. Shemer's estate. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 277: 93-107.
Page 21
21
Stern, E. et al. (eds) 1993. The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land.
Jerusalem: IES. DBE 100 Qto NEW. Izbet Sartah, Khirbet Raddanah, Masos, Hazor, Megiddo, Gezer,
Jerusalem, Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, Samaria, Lachish (III); Beersheva (II), Jemmeh, Dan
Ussishkin, D. 1982. The Conquest of Lachish by Sennacherib. Tel Aviv. DBE 10 QTO USS
For further reading
General & Sites
Ben Tor, A. & Bonfil, R. 1997. Hazor V. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Soc. DBE10 QTO SERIES HAZ 5
Finkelstein, I. & Na'aman, N. 1994. From Nomadism to Monarchy. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
Finkelstein, I. et al. 2000. Megiddo III. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. DBE 10 FIN
Finkelstein, I., et al. 2006. Megiddo IV. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University. DBE 10 FIN
Killebrew, A.E., 2005. Biblical Peoples & Ethnicity. Society of Biblical Literature, Atlanta.
Mazar, A., Mathias, G., 2001. Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel & Jordan. Sheffield. DBE 100 MAZ
Steiner, M. L. 2001. Excavations by Kathleen Kenyon in Jerusalem, 1961-1967. Volume III: The Settlement in the
Bronze & Iron Ages. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. DBE10 Qto
Tappy, R. 1992 The Archaeology of Israelite Samaria. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. DBE 10 TAP
Ussishkin, D. 2004. Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish Tel Aviv. DBE 10 USS
Iron Age I, highland settlement, ethnicity
Bloch-Smith, E. 2003. Israelite ethnicity in Iron I. Journal of Biblical Literature, 122(3).
Dever, W. 1995. Ceramics, ethnicity & the question of Israel's origins. Biblical Archaeologist, 58(4).
Dever, W. 1995. Will the real Israel please stand up? Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research, 297: 61-80.
Dever, W. 1996. Archaeology & the religions of Israel. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research, 301: 83-90.
Faust, A. 2002. Burnished pottery & gender hierarchy in Iron Age Israelite society. Journal Mediter. Arch 15: 53-73.
Faust, A. & Bunimovitz, S. 2003. The 4 room house embodying Israelite society. Near Eastern Archaeology, 66: 22-31.
Finkelstein, I. 1996. Ethnicity & the origin of the Iron I settlers in the highlands of Canaan. Biblical Arch. 59(4).
Finkelstein, I. 1988. The Archaeology of the Israelite Settlement. Tel Aviv. DBE 100 FIN; ISSUE DESK FIN 2
Finkelstein, I., et al. 1997. Highlands of Many Cultures: The Southern Samaria survey. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University.
Hadley, J. M. 2000. The Cult of Asherah in Ancient Israel & Judah. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hesse, B. 1990. Pig lovers & pig haters. Journal of Ethnobiology, 10(2): 195-225.
Kletter, R. 1996. The Judean Pillar Figurines & the Archaeology of Asherah. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum.
Nakhai, B. A. 2001. Archaeology & the Religions of Canaan & Israel. Boston: ASOR. DBE 100 NAK
State formation & early Israel
Dever, W. 1990.Recent Archaeological Discoveries & Biblical Research. Seattle.(Ch 2-5) DBE100 DEV
Faust, A. 2003. Abandonment, urbanization, resettlement & the formation of the Israelite state. Near Eastern
Archaeology 66: 147-161.
Faust, A. 2007. Rural settlements, state formation & Bible & archaeology. Near Eastern Archaeology 70(1): 4-9.
Finkelstein, I. 2005 Deformation of the Israelite state. Near Eastern Archaeology 68: 202-208.
Fritz, V. & Davies, P. 1996. The Origins of the Ancient Israelite States. Sheffield. HEBREW A15 VOL
Joffe, A. 2003. The rise of secondary states in the Iron Age Levant. Journal of the Social & Economic History of the
Orient, 45(4): 425-467.
The Assyro-Babylonian impact
Lipschitz, O. & Blenkinsopp, J. 2003. Judah & the Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian period. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
Na'aman, N. 1995. Tiglath-Pileser III's campaigns against Tyre & Israel (734-732 BC). Tel Aviv, 22(2).
Stern, E. 1990. Hazor, Dor & Megiddo in the time of Ahab & under Assyrian rule. Israel Exploration Journal 40:12-
30.
Page 22
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Session 10 Ammon, Moab, Edom, Arabia
Political entities with Aramaean affiliations in Transjordan
Historical Documents
Pritchard, J., 1967., Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Princeton: Princeton University Press. DBA 600 QTO PR,
DBA 100 PRI; EGYPTOLOGY QUARTOS R 80 PRI. The Moabite Stone
Eph'al, I. 1982. The Ancient Arabs. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Chapters 1-2. DBA 200 EPH
Overviews . (read 1)
Herr, L. & Najjar, M. 2001. The Iron Age. In: The Archaeology of Jordan (eds. B. MacDonald et al.), 323-346.
Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISSUE DESK MAC4; DBE 100 MAC
*LaBianca, O.S. & Younker, R. 1995. The kingdoms of Ammon, Moab & Edom. In The Archaeology of
Society in the Holy Land (ed. T. Levy). Leicester, 399-415. DBE 100 LEV; ISSUE DESK LEV 3
Younker, R. W. 2003. The Iron Age in the southern Levant. In S. Richard (ed) Near Eastern Archaeology: A
Reader: 367-382. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. DBA 100 RIC
Social – Political Organization. (read 2)
Bienkowski, P. & van der Steen, E. 2001. Tribes, trade & towns: a framework for the Iron Age in southern
Jordan & the Negev. Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 323.
Daviau, P.M.M. and Dion, P.E. 2007. Independent and well connected: the Ammonite territorial kingdom in
Iron Age II. In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology of Jordan (eds
T.E. Levy, P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M. Shaer). London: Equinox, 301-308.
Finkelstein, I. 1988. Arabian trade & socio-political conditions in the Negev, 12th-11th centuries. JNES 47:
241-252.
Levy, T.E., Higham, T. and Najjar, M. 2006. Response to van der Steen and Bienkowski. Antiquity, 80(307).
Levy, T.E. 2009. Ethnic identity in Biblical Edom, Israel and Midian: some insights from mortuary contexts
in the lowlands of Edom. In Exploring the longue durée: essays in honor of Lawrence E. Stager (ed
J.D. Schloen). Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 251-263.
Routledge, B. 2000. The politics of Mesha: segmented identities & state formation in Iron Age Moab.
Journal of Economic & Social History of the Orient, 43(3): 221-256.
Routledge, B. 2004. Moab in the Iron Age: Hegemony, Polity, Archaeology. Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press. DBE 100 ROU
Selected Sites (read 2)
Bienkowski, P. 2003. Busayra. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DBE 10 Qto BIE
*Daviau, P.M.M. and Chadwick, R. 2007. Shepherds and weavers in a global economy: Moab in late Iron
Age II - Wadi ath-Thamad project (Khirbet al-Mudayna). In Crossing Jordan: North American
contributions to the archaeology of Jordan (eds T.E. Levy, P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M.
Shaer). London: Equinox, 309-314.
Geraty, L.T. 2007. How crossing Jordan made the difference: the case of the Madaba Plains project 1967-
2007. In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology of Jordan (eds T.E.
Levy, P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M. Shaer). London: Equinox, 107-110.
Harrison, T.P., Foran, D. and Graham, A. 2007. Investigating 5000 years of urban history: the Tell Madaba
Archaeological Project. In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology of
Jordan (eds T.E. Levy, et al.). London: Equinox, 143-152.
Levy, T.E., Adams, R.B. & Shafiq, R. 1999. The Jabal Hamrat Fidan Project: excavations at the Wadi Fidan
40 Cemetery, Jordan (1997). Levant 31: 293-308. (Edom)
*Levy, T.E., Adams, R., Najjar, M., Hauptmann, A., Anderson, J., Brandl, B., Robinson, M. and Higham, T.
2004. Reassessing the chronology of Biblical Edom: new excavations and 14C dates from Khirbet
en-Nahas (Jordan). Antiquity, 78:865-879.
*Porter, B., Routledge, B., Steen, D. and al-Kawamlha, F. 2007. The power of place: the Dhiban community
through the ages. In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology of Jordan
(eds T.E. Levy, P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M. Shaer). London: Equinox, 315-322.
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Routledge, B. 2000. Seeing through walls: interpreting Iron I architecture of Khirbet al-Mudayna al-Aliya,
Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 319: 37-70.
Routledge, B. and Porter, B. 2007. A place in between: Khirbat al-Mudayna al-'Aliya in the early Iron Age.
In Crossing Jordan: North American contributions to the archaeology of Jordan (eds T.E. Levy,
P.M.M. Daviau, R.W. Younker and M. Shaer). London: Equinox, 323-332.
Smith, N.G. and Levy, T.E. 2008. The Iron Age pottery from Khirbet en-Nahas, Jordan: a preliminary study.
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 352:41-91.
MacDonald, B. & Younker, R. 1999. Ancient Ammon. Leiden: Brill. DBE 100 MAC
*Tushingham, A. & Pedrette, P. 1995. Mesha's citadel complex at Dhiban. Studies in the History &
Archaeology of Jordan V, 151-160.
Younker, R. W. 2003. The emergence of Ammon. In: B. Nakhai (ed) The Near East in the Southwest.
Boston. DBE SERIES ANN 58
*Zayadine, F. 1991. Ammonite sculpture. In P. Bienkowski (ed) Treasures from an Ancient Land: the Art of
Jordan. Liverpool. 38-51. DBE 300 BIE
For further reading
Bawden, G. & Edens, C. 1988. Tayma painted ware & the Hejaz Iron Age. Levant, 20: 197-215.
Bienkowski, P. (ed) 1992. Early Edom & Moab. Sheffield. DBE 100 BIE
Bienkowski, P. 2001. Iron Age settlement in Edom. In P. M. M. Daviau, et al. (eds), The World of the Aramaeans,
Volume II: Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ANC. HIST. HK5 DAV
Cleuziou, S. & Tosi, M. 2002. Essays on the Late Prehistory of the Arabian Peninsula. Roma: Istituto italiano per
l'Africa e l'Oriente.
Eph'al, I. 1988. Syria-Palestine under Achaemenid rule. Cambridge Ancient History IV, 139-164. DBA 100 CAM
Herr, L. G. 1997. The Iron Age II period. Near Eastern Archaeology, 60(3): 114-183.
Herr, L. G. (ed) 2002. Madaba Plains Project. Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press. DBE 10 MAD
Hoyland, R. 2001. Arabia & the Arabs: From the Bronze Age to Islam. London. DBF HOY (Iron Age)
Kuhrt, A. 1995. The Ancient Near East, London. (Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian empires) DBA 100 KUH
Miller, M. (ed) (1997). The archaeology of Moab. Biblical Archaeologist 60(4). (all articles)
Na'aman, N. 1991. Forced participation in alliances in the course of the Assyrian campaigns to the west. In Ah,
Assyria,eds. M. Cogan & R. Eph’al. Jerusalem, 80-98. ANCIENT HISTORY D6 COG
Ray, P. J., 2001. Tell Hesban & Vicinity in the Iron Age. Berrien Springs, Mich: Institute of Archaeology. DBE 10 RAY
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ASSESSMENTS (for due dates, see schedule)
In your essays, strive for the following
(1) Illustrations: use them to highlight points (give these Figure Numbers & refer to them in the text). Please
include at least 4 illustrations (they can be drawings, photos, tables or diagrams). At least one illustration
should be a site plan showing excavated trenches. Refer to these trenches in the text & comment on the
limitations of the data deriving from them.
(2) Your own direct observations of artefacts & displays in the British Museum & in the Institute (make use
of these wherever possible). Feel free to use photos you have taken, to illustrate your points.
(3) Select 2-3 sites as case studies for close analysis & specific details (you will also refer to other sites). You
only have 2500 words, so you need to be concise and to target relevant data. Give a very brief
explanation of why a case study you choose is a good one for the question you are asking (1-2 sentences
at most).
(4) Attention to site formation issues & contexts in which artefacts were found.
(5) Primary sources (ie, translations of texts & information in site reports) – as opposed to over-reliance on
others’ interpretations or conclusions. You want to analyse evidence directly, yourself.
(6) Use the most important and recent references in bibliographies. Do not rely on introductory texts.
(7) Be careful not to over-emphasize historical documents (texts) at the expense of archaeology and material
culture. Also, do not let ancient texts bias your interpretations of excavated remains.
(8) Original thinking.
(9) The Harvard system & page numbers (eg Finkelstein 1988:14).
(10) If you have problems with the word limit, use footnotes to refer make additional points (note, however,
that marking is on the main body of the essay).
(11) It is recommended that you submit a rough outline in advance – the coordinator can then advise you on
your initial approach.
ESSAY 1 (2500 words)
1.1 When, where and why did early agricultural villages in the Levant first appear? Does the archaeological
record suggest social tensions that stimulated, or resulted from, sedentary agrarian life?
1.2 How and why was art made in the aceramic Neolithic? In addition to stylistic analysis or iconography,
what do archaeological / spatial contexts and special technical analyses of the artworks tell us about how the
art was was made and used and what it may have symbolized? Focus on 3 of the following: modeled skulls,
statues, paintings, masks, figurines, beads.
1.3 What accounts for the changes in technologies that we see in the ceramic Neolithic and Chalcolithic
periods (eg, ceramics, metallurgy)? Did these changes affect social organization / hierarchy (or vice versa)?
Is there evidence for craft specialization and if so, what form does this take?
1.4 What role did animal domestication, animal herding and pastoralism play in the development of trade
systems, surplus production and the evolution of early Levantine civilizations?
1.5 On the basis of certain assumptions about trade and exchange, Levantine societies in the 4th millennium
have been characterized as “peripheries” of the “core” civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Why? Do
you think this is accurate? In the EBA, what role did trade play in Levantine interactions with Egypt and
Mesopotamia and to what degree were Levantine groups “in charge” of their own resources?
1.6 What stimulated the first formation of urban societies in the Levant? When, where and why did this first
happen in the region? How were 3rd millennium societies in the Levant organized, politically?
1.7 Who were the Hyksos? Where did they come from? Where did they go? Why? How did they acquire
power in Egypt and why did they lose it?
1.8 What is the earliest evidence for warfare in the Levant? What can we infer about the evolution of war
from the Levantine archaeological record, from prehistory to the end of the Middle Bronze Age? What role
did warfare play in the emergence of Levantine complex societies?
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ESSAY 2 (2500 words)
2.1 What does evidence from palaces and temples tell us about Levantine social and political organization in
the LBA period? You may want to consider architecture, burials, texts, art. In cases where empires expanded
into the Levant, did subordinate city-states use material culture to emulate or express subservience to other
cultures -- or to resist political domination? Which elements most clearly retained an indigenous Levantine
character?
2.2 In the Medinet Habu inscription ‘War against the Peoples of the Sea,’ Ramesses III presents a detailed
narrative of an invasion by the Sea Peoples. What is this scenario & does the archaeological evidence from
the Levant back it up? What caused the Sea Peoples phenomenon and what was its impact in the Levant?
2.3 What was the nature of indigenous Neo-Hittite and Aramaean political organization? How do these
societies illustrate Assyrian methods of imperial conquest and responses by local rulers facing conquest?
You may want to consider landscapes and texts as well as other data.
2.4 Why did the Phoenicians colonize the Mediterranean, whilst the Philistines seemingly did not? Or is this
an inaccurate statement?
2.5 The invention & spread of the alphabet is often attributed to the Phoenicians. Is this accurate? When,
how and why did the alphabet emerge? How did it spread -- and to where? On what types of artefacts and in
what archaeological contexts are alphabetic inscriptions found? What does this tell us?
2.6 Where did the early Israelites come from & when did formation of the Israelite state take place?
2.7 Using data only from Iron Age archaeology and ancient texts (but not the Bible) – to what degree did
early Israelite religion incorporate elements of older Near Eastern belief systems from the Bronze Age?
Consider architecture, burial, texts, art, iconography. (Exclude the Bible so as to maintain a purely
archaeological approach.)
2.8 Which of the three main Jordanian kingdoms in the Iron Age was the most powerful, and why do you
think so? Were these cultures linked to the Arabian peninsula and what do Assyrian sources say about them
and about the Arabs?
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APPENDIX A - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Libraries and other resources: In addition to the Library of the Institute of Archaeology, other libraries in UCL with
holdings of particular relevance to this degree are: Anthropology, Main Library and Science Library. Information for
intercollegiate and interdepartmental students: Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should obtain
the Institute’s coursework guidelines from Judy Medrington (email [email protected] ), which will also be
available on the IoA website. Health and safety: The Institute has a Health and Safety policy and code of practice
which provides guidance on laboratory work, etc. This is revised annually and the new edition will be issued in due
course. All work undertaken in the Institute is governed by these guidelines; students have a duty to be aware of them
and to adhere to them at all times.
APPENDIX B: POLICIES AND PROCEDURES (PLEASE READ CAREFULLY)
This appendix provides a short précis of policies and procedures relating to courses. It is not a substitute for the full
documentation, with which all students should be familiar. For full information on Institute policies and procedures, see
the IoA Student Administration section of Moodle: https://moodle.ucl.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=40867.
For UCL policies and procedures, see the Academic Regulations and the UCL Academic Manual:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-regulations ; http://www.ucl.ac.uk/academic-manual/
ATTENDANCE: A minimum attendance of 70% is required. A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to
attend a class, please notify the lecturer by email.
DYSLEXIA: If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in
which they can help you. Students with dyslexia should indicate it on each coursework cover sheet.
COURSEWORK
LATE SUBMISSION: Late submission will be penalized in accordance with current UCL regulations, unless formal
permission for late submission has been granted.
The UCL penalties are as follows:
The marks for coursework received up to two working days after the published date and time will incur a 10
percentage point deduction in marks (but no lower than the pass mark).
The marks for coursework received more than two working days and up to five working days after the
published date and time will receive no more than the pass mark (40% for UG modules, 50% for PGT
modules).
Work submitted more than five working days after the published date and time, but before the second week of
the third term will receive a mark of zero but will be considered complete.
GRANTING OF EXTENSIONS: Please note that there are strict UCL-wide regulations with regard to the granting of
extensions for coursework. You are reminded that Course Coordinators are not permitted to grant extensions. All
requests for extensions must be submitted on a the appropriate UCL form, together with supporting documentation,
via Judy Medrington’s office and will then be referred on for consideration. Please be aware that the grounds that are
acceptable are limited. Those with long-term difficulties should contact UCL Student Disability Services to make
special arrangements. Please see the IoA website for further information. Additional information is given here:
http://www.ucl.ac.uk/srs/academic-manual/c4/extenuating-circumstances/
RETURN OF COURSEWORK AND RESUBMISSION: You should receive your marked coursework within one
month of the submission deadline. If you do not receive your work within this period, or a written explanation, notify the
Academic Administrator. When your marked essay is returned to you, return it to the Course Co-ordinator within two
weeks. You must retain a copy of all coursework submitted.
CITING OF SOURCES and AVOIDING PLAGIARISM: Coursework must be expressed in your own words, citing
the exact source (author, date and page number; website address if applicable) of any ideas, information, diagrams,
etc., that are taken from the work of others. This applies to all media (books, articles, websites, images, figures, etc.).
Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between quotation
marks. Plagiarism is a very serious irregularity, which can carry heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to abide by
requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism. Make sure you understand definitions of
plagiarism and the procedures and penalties as detailed in UCL regulations: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/current-
students/guidelines/plagiarism
MOODLE: Please ensure you are signed up to the course on Moodle. For help with Moodle, please contact Charlotte
Frearson ([email protected] )
