Aircraft Wing Structural Dynamics

UCSD

Agenda

What is Research

Project information

Overview

Lab Culture

Theoretical Methods

Experimental Methods

Cost and Budgets

Literature Survey

Our experience with

an Aircraft Wing and

structural Dynamics

applying the research

method

Conclusion

“Research is seeking through methodical processes to add to one’s own body of knowledge and, hopefully, to that of others by the discovery of non trivial facts and insites”

What is Research?

-Michelle Lowe of Beginning Research: A guide for foundation degree students

Scientific MethodState the Problem

Research About Topic

Hypothesis

Test with an

Experiment

Analyze and draw a conclusion

Report Results!

Think again!

Hypothesis is true

Hypothesis is partially true

or false

Come up with a topic to be researched

Research a subject you enjoy

Process for Conducting Research

Ask the journalistic questions who, what, when, where, why and how.

These questions provide the foundation of why the research is important.

Develop a Question

Answers to your previous questions will serve as your thesis statement.

Your thesis will be the driving force behind your research

Create Answers to your questions

Significance Thesis statement and

answers to previous questions will give the research significance.

It will serve to note if research is original work or if others have already investigated the subject.

Goals

Set goals or make blueprint to actual experimentation.

Setting goals measures 1) Dependent and independent Variables 2) What exactly will be measured 3) What relationships will be examined

Project Information Project Location: University of California,

San Diego. UCSD design lab (Aerospace Engineering). Principal Investigator: Tom Hung.

Project Goal: Measuring the strength of a Balsa Wing Structure subject to a Uniform Distributive Load.

Measured the strength of a Balsa Wing Structure by applying point load, force (sandbags) while having structure secured to a test stand.

Project Overview

4 different wings were made, each one

differed by the amount of materials it was

made of.

Each wing was put under the same amount

of force.

Project Overview

To build stiffer wings that can hold more weight.

Information gained: Which built wing is the most effective according to its stiffness to test on a wind tunnel.

This experiment was made in a micro scale and with balsa wood and other light materials.

This also can be applied to real life, with real wings and alternate compound materials.

Industry cares and will benefit from this experiment.

Project Overview

This research is important because it is a micro scale testing of the strength of a wing structure.

The beneficiaries of the research are:1)Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)2)National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)3)General Public

Abstract Overview

Lab Culture

All laboratory operations contain elements of danger

General Laboratory Safety Rules No food or drinks

allow in the

laboratory

Smoking is

prohibited

No open toe shoes

General Laboratory Rules (Cont) Use appropriate eye

protection Be familiar with the

lab Learn and know

what to do in case of an emergency

Unauthorized person(s) shall not be allowed in the lab

Laboratories shall remain locked other than office hours

Never open (remove cover) of any equipment in the labs

Report all problems to staff in charge

In case of emergency, Campus security may be called

General Laboratory Rules (Cont)

Lab Project

Teamwork

Individual Task

Time management

Results/conclusion

Theory explains 1) Equations that

will be used. 2)The physics

behind the issue. 3)If the theory is

testable.

Theory: A proposed explanation whose status is still speculative and subject to experimentation.

Theoretical Methods

Beam Theory : Provides a mean of

calculating the load-carrying and deflection

characteristic of beams

Beam: Horizontal of Vertical structure

capable of withstanding load by resisting

bending.

Deflection: Degree under which a

structural element is displaced under a

load(force)

Theoretical Methods

Beam Theory Equation: d^2y/dx^2 = M(x)/EI

Under this experiment we assume that the wings behave as beams.

Theoretical Methods (Continued)

At the Tip Deflection Formula: Y=PL^3/3EL

Theoretical Methods (Continued)

Point Load Formula: y=P/6EI (-x^3+3L^2x-2L^3) A point load is a load which is located to a

specific location on a structure.

Theoretical Methods (Continued)

Uniform Distributive Load: y=-w(x^4-4L^3x+3L^3)/24EI Uniform Distribution: When the load w per

unit length has a constant value over part of the beam

Theoretical Methods

Putting theory into practice

Plan of action for experiment – how will you get that data.

Takes into consideration time and costs.

Experimental Methods

Experiment Materials Balsa Wood Glue Exacto Knife Test Stand (Beam) Plastic cover

Experimental Methods Dependable Variables:• Christian• Michelle• Manny• Ivan

Controlled Variable:• Ribs• Wings• Chord Length • Spars • Leading edge• Some air fall

All have 3in. Ribs

All wings are 2 ft.

Chord Length

2 Sets of spars

Same air fall

Controlled Variable

How we worked…

Our Wings !

AT UCSD…

Costs and Budgets This Research Academy was made possible by:

NASA California Space Grant Consortium

Experiment Cost:

$110.00dlssStaff Salary

Literature Survey

General Subjects Airfoils and lifts

Forces and moments

Beams in bending

Cantilever of beams and

wings

Ground effect on flow past a wing with a NACA0015 cross section

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, Volume 40, July 2012, Pages 18-28 (S.C. Luo, Y.S. Chen)

Wing Ground Effect (WIG)

It generally increases lift while decreasing drag

Test in a wind tunnel

What is lift?

Wings counter act gravity by creating lift!

Bernoulli’s principle states that as velocity

goes up, pressure goes down

Wing design, wing tips!

Literature Survey

Data Analysis

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3 3.10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Flexural Stiffness (EI) vs. Weight (W)

MichelleChristianMannyIvan

Weight (ounces)

Fle

xura

l Sti

ffness (

EI=

lbs*i

n^

2)

Tip Deflection

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.20

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

f(x) = 0.494938132733408 x − 0.00787401574803183

f(x) = 0.654460478685517 x − 0.0296861126559924

f(x) = 0.563962961878836 x − 0.00200021465718311

f(x) = 0.406629004088244 x + 0.00729346564021513

Tip Deflection vs. Tip Load

christianIvanLinear (Ivan)MichelleLinear (Michelle)MannyLinear (Manny)ChristianLinear (Christian)

Tip Load (lbs)

Tip

Defl

ecti

on (

inches)

Collecting Data

Conclusion

Q AND A

  San Diego State University   Scholarships in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM) Program Web: www.csrc.sdsu.edu/s-stem.html Contact: Prof. Satchi Venkataraman at satchi@mail.sdsu.edu   Minority Access to Research Careers (MARC) Web: www.sci.sdsu.edu/casa/marc/index.php Contact: Thelma Chavez at tchavez@sunstroke.sdsu.edu   Minority Biomedical Research Support (MBRS) Web: sci.sdsu.edu/imsd/ Contact: Michelle Lopez at mlopez@mail.sdsu.edu   McNair Scholars Program Web: www.sci.sdsu.edu/mcnair/index.htm Contact: mcnair-sdsu@sciences.sdsu.edu   University of California San Diego   Doris A. Howell Foundation Research Scholarship Web: aep.ucsd.edu/?action=scholarships Contact: David Artis at dartis@ucsd.edu   Portal to Various Research Programs – aep.ucsd.edu/?action=programs students.ucsd.edu/academics/research/undergraduate-research/opportunities/index.html University of San Diego   Portal to Various Research Programs – www.sandiego.edu/ugresearch/students/on_campus/ www.sandiego.edu/academics/research_and_scholarship/undergrad_research.php  

Research Opportunities

Team Work!