UCLG and Strategic Planning in Metropolitan areas:

The Case of Durban, South Africa: Dr. Michael

Sutcliffe

PART 1: OUR GENERAL

MANDATE

We live in an urbanising world

Urban Rural Total

2000 3 Billion + 3 Billion 6 Billion

2025 5.4 Billion(+Immigration)

3.1 Billion 8.5 Billion

2050 75% projected to

live in cities

10+ Billion

Where our ecological impacts

are enormous

Amount of land and

water used to

produce resources

consumed and

assimilate waste

produced by cities

Greater London 125

times its area

Ecological Footprint

Where the rates of growth are

not constant

Population growth rates are not distributed

evenly:

Structure of settlement patterns differ

enormously

Short, medium and long term prospects vary

Where our municipalities are faced with

massive infrastructural and health challenges

Diseases

HIV/AIDS and TB

Majority of our people

poorly housed without

access to water,

sanitation, electricity

Where we must be planning now

for climate change In South Africa some areas will become wetter with more

intense wind and rain and others will become drier

This will increase the vulnerability of our people given poverty, recurrent droughts, inequitable land distribution, and agriculture being overwhelmingly dependant on direct rainfall.

The interplay between poverty, climate change, political governance, conflict and HIV/AIDS is most likely to produce a daunting future scenario for the African continent.

And as the world warms, sea levels will rise

Where providing access

becomes a major challenge

Public transport

ICT

Services

Jobs

Health

Etc.

Where energy is becoming more

limited and more expensive

Issues of peak oil and the implications for

planning

Electricity

Where our past defines us

Where the gap between the rich

and poor is growing

Where there are different

communities of needs

PART 2: UCLG AND CITY

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

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United and cities and Local governments

United Nation recognizes Local Governments 2004 founding of UCLG (Unification of FMCU and IULA) More than 100 direct members

Local government association of 136 states (out of 192 UN)

8 regional sections

Africa

Asia

Europe

Euro-Asia

Latin America

Middle EastNorth America

Metrópolis

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United and cities and Local governmentsThe Urban strategic Planning committee supporting UCLG agenda

World position of cities on strategic planning

Promotion of tools to push for increased local powers in determining

development

Self-evaluation of local experiences

Integration of networks and practices in the international development

cooperation

Leadership and city-to-city cooperation

Sounding board inside the Cities Alliance

to be proactive, not just reactive

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Policy outcomes and processes:Structuring principles for Urban Strategic Planning

Understanding the city as a system: integrating

technical, environmental, political, social and

economic interests in the same territory

3 realms of Leadership, the crosscutting capacity

is crucial for success!

Policy Paper Urban

Strategic

Planning_Executive

Summary

TRENDS The insights in practices of planning in the different regions revealed some

trends:

Africa: the decentralization process is still to conclude in many

countries CDS play a frontrunner role for institutional responses

Latin America: local governments have tackled the problem of inequality

through inclusive strategies that put in practice local democracy

Europe: drastic changes in labor markets, consolidation of urban regions

and funding of service in led to new definitions of competitiveness ,

strategies help to build long term local responses

Policy Paper Urban

Strategic

Planning_Executive

Summary

TRENDSEurasia: strategies helped creating confidence with

stakeholders for the transition from centralistic

planning systems.

Asia: after focusing on economic development with a certain success on

investments, climate change and social dialogue are of outmost

importance to be addressed strategically.

Mediterranean: traditional compact city, negative impact of

urbanization along the coastline, a more (social and environmental)

balanced development model requires better intergovernmental

cooperation.

North America: financial and infrastructure crises as well as increasing poverty revive

comprehensive planning and community development

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Policy outcomes and processes:Methodology for Urban Strategic Planning

Planning Cycle: Identifying strenghts and

weakness while defining the main strategies

for local development

a. Assessing City

Development

Opportunities and Capacities

b. Strategy

Planning

c. Strategy

Implementation

c.2

c.3 (…)

b.2

b.3 (…)

a.2

a.3 (…)

Lin

ear

Ph

ases

Participation and Institutionalization:

Cross-cutting and continuous supporting activities(supporting each of the activity blocks)

Time

Acti

vit

ies

a.1.1 (…)

a.2.1 (…)

a.3.1 (…)

Su

b-a

cti

vit

ies a.4.1 (…)

b.1.1 (…)

b.2.1 (…)

b.3.1 (…)

b.4.1 (…)

c.1.1 (…)

c.2.1 (…)

c.3.1 (…)

c.4.1 (…)

a.1 b.1 c.1

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Exchange/Mentoring

UCLG facilitates sharing of results and processes

Durban’s MILE programme also supported to consolidate

capacity building on “living the lessons of Durban”.

Ongoing mentorships:

Start Mentee City Mentor City

2009 Ciudad Sur association (Chile) Rosario (Argentina)

2009 Lilongwe (Malawi) Johannesburg (South Africa)

2009 ANAM (Namibia) SALGA and Durban (South Africa)

2010 Blantyre(Malawi) Ekurhuleni (South Africa)

2010 Mzuzu (Malawi) Durban (South Africa)

2011 Mombasa (Kenya) Bergen (Norway)

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Support leadership and mentoring across cities and

Encourage inclusive and partipatory strategic planning

Participate in international city networks and projects to share resources and technical assistance for sustainable development and to facilitate decentralization.

Promote learning of the historical spatial model of the Mediterranean city (shared social and environmental spaces)

Use UCLG as the global platform to offer references and contacts

Learn also from the South’s transformation processes

Mediterranean cities: recommendations

PART 3: LOCATING

OURSELVES IN AFRICA

Africa is large

Uneven development

Durban’s Africa programmes

CIFAL DURBAN – Training programmes in sustainable urban management practice since 2003

AFRICA PEACE CENTRE – Working with ACCORD (African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes)

AFRICAN COALITION OF CITIES AGAINST RACISM - The eThekwini Municipality in partnership with UNESCO has embarked on a programme to assist cities fight against Racism and Xenophobia.

NEPAD CITIES PROGRAMME:

PLUS 30 NETWORK OF SUSTAINABLE CITIES

MILE

PART 4: THE NEW MUNICIPAL SYSTEM IN

SOUTH AFRICA

Establishing Municipal

Governance: 1994 onwards Where we are coming from: Municipal governance which is:

(i) Racially-based;

(ii) Fragmented;

(iii) Underdevelopment;

(iv) Control-oriented, and

(v) Non-accountable administrations

Where we need to go: Establishing Municipal Governance which is:

(i) Integrated

(ii) Developmental

(iii) Accountable

(iv) Representative and Participatory

(v) Delivery-oriented

OBJECTS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT

• A municipality must strive, within its financial and administrative

capacity, to achieve the following:

• To provide democratic and accountable government for local

communities

• To ensure the provision of services to communities in a

sustainable manner

• To promote social and economic development

• To promote a safe and healthy environment

• To encourage the involvement of communities and community

organisations in the matters of local government.

The Newly demarcated Municipal

System

Pre-2000 there were over 1000 racially-

based authorities, there is now a wall-to-

wall system of democratic local

government with:

6 (A Category) Metropolitan areas

46 (C category) District Municipalities

231 (B category) Local Municipalities

Since 2000 the major focus on building the

capacity of municipalities to deliver on their

legislated functions

Metros: Population Density

Municipality Population

2007

Geographical Area

(square km)

Population density

(persons/square

km)

Ethekwini (Durban) 3468086 2291.9 1513

Ekurhuleni Metro 2724229 1924.4 1416

Nelson Mandela 1050930 1958.9 536

Tshwane 2345908 2174.6 1079

Cape Town 3497097 2454.7 1425

Johannesburg 3888180 1645.0 2364

PART 5: STRATEGIC

PLANNING IN DURBAN

1. Properly locate our economic

strategy

Ensure right balance between economic, social

and environmental strategies and action plans

4.5 million people

Africa’s key port and logistics location to drive

development in Southern Africa: eThekwini-

Gauteng corridor key focal point for growth

Major manufacturing base for Africa

Key tourism and eventing destination

Could well be Africa’s first Olympics venue

City’s Developmental Approach

Projects

Vision

Values, challenges and choices

Strategic focus areas

Programmes

8 Point Plan

2. Develop clear long-term plans (20-

70 years) and stick to them!

2010 and beyond strategy

Climate Change

Energy and water

Importance of Food security

Reducing costs of labour power: (i) housing development, (ii)

Integrated public transport, (iii) Electronic connectivity

Growing logistics, manufacturing and tourism

Spatial development plans to unlock growth and densify residential

areas

• Economic

Development

• Tourism

210020502025201520102005

• Spatial Development

plan

• Bulk Infrastructure

• Energy Resource

planning

IDP: 2010 and Beyond

• Social Services

• Health Care

• Efficient and

Effective

Government

• Basic services

• Housing Delivery

• Bridging the digital

divide

• Public Transport

System

• Skills Development

• Climate

protection

Imagine Durban 70 year scenario

Poverty reduction

Job creation/ economically successful city

Caring city

Sustainable city

Equal and democratic city

Smart city

IDENTIFIED THEMATIC AREAS, GOALS

and STRATEGIES

accessibility prosperity and livelihoods

culture & diversity environmental sustainability

caring and empowering

safety

Package of Plans

2010 and beyond strategy

Strategic Input : Metropolitan Logistics Platform

New economic Node in North (N2)

Consolidation of Western Node at

Cato Ridge (N3)

Expansion of the SDB/ Port (N2)

Consolidation of Pinetown New

Germany

New node at Shongweni

Occupied Remaining

Total

HA

South 934.46 94.5 1028.96

Central 3259 297.1 3556.1

North 733.9 311.7 1045.6

Outer

West 547 908.5 1455.5

TOTAL 1611.8 7086.16

To RichardsBay

SDB/Port

Cato

Ridge

AirportCBD

Pine-

town

N2

N3

To Gauteng

Um

lazi

Um

gen

iS’

we

ni Approximately 2734 ha to be made

available med-long-term ( between 5-20

years and subject to funding for services )

T r a n s n e t – e T h e k w i n i M u n i c i p a l i t y S h a r e d V i s i o n

2050 VIEW WITH TWO PORTS, IDZ, BOP AND FREIGHT CORRIDORS

AIRPORT DIG-OUT

IDZ AND BACK OF

PORT

BAYHEAD DIG-

OUT

PORT OF DURBAN

Water 20 year plan

Public Transport Strategy

M1

M13

M13

M19M32

M25

M45

N3

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

Illovo South

Plangweni

Umlazi

Lotus Park

Ispingo

Sukuma

Umbogintwini

Durban South

Mobeni South

Himalayas

Merewent

Engen Tara

Jacobs

WoodlandsHavenside

ChatsworthRossburgh

Mayville

Bellair

Berea Park

Klaarwater

Mariannridge

Hillcrest

Waterfall

Pinetown

Umgeni Reservoir Hills

Clermont

Durban North

Parkhill

Newlands

Ntuzuma Phoenix

industrial Greenbury

Mzinyati

OttawaPhoenix North

Verulam

Moreland

Umdloti

TongaatTruroland

Planned rollout

Current

Transtel

Electrical Substations

EXAMPLE – ICT

DEVELOPMENTS

• ICT and electronic requirements being addressed

• Wireless public buildings.

• Fibre optic upgraded to carrier class and extended for business and community use

• Wireless WAN rollout covering the city

• Public Transport call centre (Dec 2008)

• CCTV, tourism kiosks and communications (2008)

• Terrestrial trunking (2009)

• Secure network

Housing delivery plans

45

Strategic Input : Metropolitan Open Space

Legend

EThekwini Municipal Area

D'MOSS

Proclaimed - EKZNW

Proclaimed - NRB

Municipal Nature Reserve

EM managed

Private/State/other managed

Conservation zones

• 50% of the municipal area has been

significantly transformed

• eThekwini Municipal Area (EMA) – 229 193

ha

• D’MOSS – 74 731 ha (33% of EMA)

• D’MOSS mapping is undertaken with 1 in 5

000 aerial photos

• To be underpinned by a systematic

conservation plan (in prep)

• Estimated conservative value of D’MOSS

ito EGS is R 3.1 billion p.a. in 2003 (excl

contribution to tourism)

• Total protected – 10.9%

• Total protected & managed – 8.4%

Strategic Input : Climate Change Risk and Vulnerability• Challenge with incorporating climate change

considerations into spatial planning is linked to the lack

of accessible and accurate down scaled climate data.

• Will need tools to be developed to assist local

government to use and interpret these data once they

become available.

• Ethekwini Municipality has pioneered the development of

an Integrated Assessment Tool.

• Key sectoral risks evaluated in detail during the

development of the tool included :

– Extreme rainfall

– Food security

– Vegetation

– Health; and

– Sea level rise

• Two time lines considered: Intermediate (2045-2065) and

Long term (2081-2100) future.

• Additional work : SEA , reserve determination

Demographic Studies to Test Spatial Development Plans

Example: climate change

mitigation

The New Urbanism

OFFICE & RETAIL

OFFICE, RETAIL& RESIDENTIAL

OFFICE, RETAIL,SERVICE INDUSTRIAL

RETAIL

RESIDENTIAL

HOTEL

TRANSPORT

URBAN SPACE

RESIDENTIAL,LIMITED RETAIL

Activity Patterns Plan

Forms of New Urbanism

New Urbanism is about the “Old Durbanism”

3. Addressing Indigence

Free Basic Services 9KL

Water (300000HH), Free

electricity, free property

rates

Food security (over 6000

community gardens)

Creating employment

Essential services to

informal settlements

4. Building Our Knowledge Base: Durban’s MILE

4 Pillars of Mile

Capacity

Enhancement

Empowering

Officials with

Tools through

Learning and

sharing

Learning

Partnerships

And

Networks

Learning,

Sharing

And Network

building

Collaborative

Research

Leveraging

Partnerships

With Tertiary

Institutions

Municipal

Technical

Support

Offering a

Municipal

Technical

Support

service

Knowledge Management

Co-ordination of Ethekwini Knowledge Management Agenda

Mile Master Classes

•Strategic Governance for the 21st Century

• Creating Financially Viable Municipalities

• Managing the Water and Waste Water Challenge

• Rethinking Solid Waste

• Climate Change for Coastal Cities

• Decent Human Settlements: Rising to the Challenge

• Effective Spatial Planning and Land Use Management for

Municipalities

• M & E made easy: Lessons from eThekwini

Capacity Enhancement

PART 6: ADDRESSING

SERVICE DELIVERY

Achieving our mandate: what to

do!

Thinking Big and Acting Small: Short terms

goals, long-term horizons

Create critical mass for sustainability

Build stronger networks

Focus on successful regions

Address our financial model (business tax,

development levy, national grants)

Unlocking development

Thank you!