UHEYAD - guvenplus.com.tr · 6. APA system is used in our journal. Reference within the text should...

UHEYADULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ

INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES ON ECONOMY MANAGEMENTwww. uheyadergisi.com

Nisan / Mayıs / Haziran – İlkbahar Yaz Dönemi Sayı: 4 Yıl:2015April / May / June - Spring Summer Issue: 4 Year: 2015

ISSN Print: 2148-8207 Online 2149-2492(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No / Document No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No / Document No: 12880)

(MARKA PATENT NO: TRADEMARK)(2015/03942-2015-GE-17393)

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UHEYAD DERGİMİZ HAKKINDA GENEL BİLGİLER

1. Dergimiz hakemli ve uluslararası indeksli bir dergidir. Her yayın en az iki alan uzmanı hakem tarafından değerlendirilmektedir. İki alan hakemi tarafından olumlu “yayınlanabilir” yönünde rapor almayan yayınlar dergimizde yayınlanmaz. Bu durum karşısında hiçbir yazar(lar) dergimiz üzerinde bir hak iddiasında bulunamaz. Dergimizde yayınlanmaya hak kazanan “Etik Kurul Raporu” bulunan yayınlara dair etik kurul bilgileri yazılı olarak editörlüğe gönderilmesi ve sisteme yayın yüklenirken sisteme yüklenmesi zorunludur. Etik kurul raporu olan ve sisteme bilgisi girilmeyen ya da yazılı olarak editörlüğe bilgileri ulaştırılmayan çalışmalardan doğan her türlü sorumluluk yazar(lar)’a aittir. Dergimizin hiçbir kurulu ve yetkilisi bu konuda maddi ve manevi sorumluluk kabul etmez. Dergi kurul ve üyeleri “yetkilileri” Hukuki yükümlülük altına alınamaz. Her yazar ve yazarlar bu durumu peşinen kabul etmiştir.

2. Dergi hakem ve kurullarında yer alan akademisyen ile diğer yetkililer hakkında yazar(lar) dergi sistem işleyişi sürecine dair bir talepte bulunamaz. Bulunsalar bile herhangi bir bilgi kendilerine verilmez, sistem süreci değiştirilmez. Dergimiz ile ilgili her türlü bilgi derginin web sayfasında www.uheyadergisi.com adresinden edinilebilir.

3. Dergimiz yılda dört sayı şeklinde çıkmakta her yılın “Mart – Haziran – Eylül ve Aralık” aylarının son günü derginin sayısında bulunan tüm makaleler tek cilt halinde dergi web sistemine yüklenir. Dergi web sisteminden makaleler tüm okuyucular tarafından indirilir ve ilgili eser “makale” ve dergimize atıf yapılmak koşulu ile kullanılabilir. Dergimizin tüm sayılarına okuyucular ücretsiz olarak ulaşmaktadır.

4. Dergimizde yayınlanan tüm makaleler (ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880) kalite belgeleriyle ve (2015/03942-2015-GE-17293) Marka patent ile güvence altına alınmıştır. Yayınlanmış olan makaleler kalite, marka patent ve doi bilgileri ile ilgili çalışmanın yazarlarına eserleri hakkında her türlü hukuki hak ve uluslararası güvence sağlamaktadır.

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5. Dergimiz basılı ve e dergi olarak yayınlanmaktadır. Print ISSN NO: 2148-8207 ve Online ISSN NO:2149-2492 numarası ile T.C. Kültür Bakanlığından dergimiz hakkında her türlü bilgiye ulaşılabilir.

6. Dergimizde apa sistemi uygulanmaktadır. Metin içinde (Yılmaz, 2015: 1) veya (Yılmaz ve diğ., 2015:1) şeklinde kaynak gösterimi, kaynakçada ise YILMAZ, M., (2015). Çalışanlarda Ödüllendirmenin İş ve Performans Üzerine Etkisi, UHEYAD Uluslararası Hakemli Ekonomi Yönetimi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı: 1, Cilt: 1, ss.1-2 şeklinde gösterilir. Tüm yazarlar dergimizin son güncel sayılarını takip ederek ilgili sayılarda yayınlanan makalelerdeki yazım formatını kendi çalışmalarında uygulayabilir. İnternet kaynaklarında mutlaka erişim tarihi ve son ulaşılabilen internet linkinin tamamının başta kaynakça ve metinin kullanıldığı sayfa altında numaralandırılarak gösterilmesi bir zorunluluktur.

7. Kaynakça Türkçe alfabe sıralamasına göre düzenlenir. Tüm yazarlar için derginin son sayısındaki yazım formatı dikkate alınmak zorundadır.

8. Dergimiz uluslararası indeksli bir dergi olup dergimizde yayınlanan tüm çalışma ve makaleler derginin yayınlandığı tarih itibariyle ilgili indekslere mail yolu ile ulaştırılır.

9. Dergimizde özgün araştırma, inceleme, derleme, olgu sunumu, proje ve kitap tanıtımı “makale formatında olmak zorundadır” türünde yayınlara yer verilmektedir.

10. Dergimize gönderilen tüm çalışmalar sisteme yüklendiği şekil ve an itibariyle başka bir dergide yayınlanmamış, değerlendirmeye alınmamış ve red edilmemiş olması gerekir. Tüm sisteme yüklenen makaleler yazar(lar) tarafından bu kurallara uyulduğunu kabul etmiş sayılır. Aksi durumda ilgili yazar(lar) hakkında dergimiz hukuki haklarını saklı tutar. Oluşabilecek olumsuzluk karşısında maddi ve manevi tüm sorumluluk ilgili yazar(lar)’a aittir. Dergimiz T.C. Kanunlarına göre hareket eder.

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GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT UHEYAD JOURNAL

1. Our journal is a refereed and internationally indexed journal. Each paper is evaluated by two referees who are field experts. The articles not reported as “issuable” positively by two field referees aren’t published in our journal. None of the author(s) can lay a claim on our journal in this case. Data, concerning the ethics committe of the studies, approved to be published in our journal, having the Ethics Committee Report, should be submitted to the editors in written and uploaded to the system with the article. Author(s) should take the responsibility of their articles, having the Ethics Committee Report, which were not submitted to the editors in written and were not uploaded to the system. None of the committes and the authorities in our journal are responsible for financial and emotional damage. The committes and the authorities in our journal do not have any legal obligations. Author(s) have accepted this situation beforehand.

2. Author(s) cannot make a demand for the journal’s procedure concerning the academicians in journal’s referee board and other boards and other authorities. Even if so, they aren’t given any information, system process cannot be changed. All kinds of information about our journal can be obtained from the website of the journal www.uheyadergisi.com

3. Our journal publishes four times a year, all articles in the relevant volume of journal are uploaded to the web system of the journal in one volume on the last day of the months “Mart - June - September December”.” All readers can download the articles from the journal’s web system and the relevant paper “article” can be used on condition that our journal is cited. Readers can download all volumes of our journal for free.

4- All articles published in our journal are assured with certificate of quality (ISO 9001-2008 Doc. No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Doc. No: 12880) and trademark patent (2015/03942-2015-GE-17293). Articles published provide their authors with all kinds of legal rights and international assurance regarding their articles with quality, trademark, patent and doi information.

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5. Our journal has both printed and online version. All kinds of information about our journal can be obtained from the T.R. Ministry of Culture with the number Print ISSN NO: 2148-8207 ve Online ISSN NO:2149-2492

6. APA system is used in our journal. Reference within the text should be (Yılmaz, 2015: 1) or (Yılmaz et al. 2015:1), in the reference part “YILMAZ, M., (2015)”. It is indicated as Effect of Rewarding in Employees on Job and Performance, UHEYAD International Refereed Journal of Researches on Economy Management , Issue:1, Volume:1, pp.1-2. All authors must follow the latest volumes of our journal and apply the print format of the published articles in their own papers. It is an obligation to indicate the access date of the internet sources and the last accessed full internet link in the references and below the page by giving numbers.

7. References are arranged by the Turkish alphabet. The printing format in the last volume of the journal should be taken into account by all authors.

8. Our journal is an internationally indexed journal, and all articles and papers published in our journal are sent to relevant indices via e-mail by the publication date of the journal.

9. Original research, analysis, compilation, case study, project and book introduction “have to be in an article format” and these publications are also included.

10. All papers sent to the journal and uploaded to the system shouldn’t be previously published, not evaluated and not rejected. All articles uploaded to the system are acknowledged that author(s) conform to these rules. Otherwise, our journal keeps its legal rights reserved. All material and moral responsibility regarding a negative situation belong to author(s). Our journal acts in line with the T.R. Law.

VI

İÇİNDEKİLER

ARAŞTIRMA VE UYGULAMACOMPARATIVEFINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES 1-8Murat SAĞBAŞ

INDUSTRIAL LABOR INPUT INDICES AND EMPLOYMENT ANALYSİS 9-17Mehmet Naci EFE

GENÇLERİN SİYASİ TUTUM VE TERCİHLERİNDE SİYASİ PARTİLERİN ETKİSİ (SİVAS AK PARTİ VE CHP GENÇLİK KOLLARI ÖRNEĞİNDE) 18-57Murat TORAMAN, Ercan ŞAHBUDAK

TİCARİ ALACAK YÖNETİMİNİN NAKİT BÜTÇESİNE ETKİSİ 58-75Murat TURGUT

A SOCIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE QUALITY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SERVICES RECEIVED FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS BY THE STUDENTS AND ACADEMIC STAFF OF VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF THE FACULTIES OF ECONOMICS AND ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCES IN TURKEY 76-99Ercan ŞAHBUDAK

WORKFORCE ANALYSIS OF TURKISH INDUSTRY SECTOR: A MODEL APPLICATION 99-112Mehmet Naci EFE, Cem KARABAL, Murat SAĞBAŞ

TÜRK BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE ATM SORUNLARI VE MÜŞTERİ MEMNUNİYET ALGISININ UYGULAMALI BİR ÖRNEĞİ 113-141Murat KORKMAZ, Ali Serdar YÜCEL, Hatice Nur GERMİR, Sefer GÜMÜŞ, Ayhan AYTAÇ, Nurullah KARTA

USE OF ONLINE SOCIAL NETWORKS AMONGST RECREATION MAJORING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS 141-150Beyza Merve AKGUL, Ezgi ERTUZUN, Senol GORAL

APPLIED RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING CONDITIONS AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION IN WOMAN EMPLOYMENT 151-170Cem KARABAL, Murat SAĞBAŞ, Mehmet Naci EFE

TÜRKİYE’NİN TARIMSAL GIDA ÜRÜNLERİNİN ENDÜSTRİ-İÇİ TİCARETİNİN ANALİZİ: AB-15 ÜLKELERİ İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZ 171-193Dilek ŞAHİN

DERLEME-LİTERATÜRELEKTRONİK PARANIN FİNANSAL YÖNETİM ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ 194-215Murat TURGUT

AB’YE UYUM SÜRECİNDE KADIN VE ENGELLİ GİRİŞİMCİLERİN DESTEKLENMESİNE YÖNELİK İSTİHDAM POLİTİKALARI 216-238Hatice Nur GERMİR

SERICULTURE FOLKLORE IN TURKEY 239-247Orhan YILMAZ, Y. Erdal ERTURK, Fusun COSKUN, Mehmet ERTUGRUL

TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ VE LOJİSTİK FAALİYETLERİNİN TÜRK SPOR ENDÜSTRİSİNDE UYGULANMASI 248-265Hüseyin Çağdaş BATMAZ, Oğuzhan ZİREK, Mustafa KARADAĞ

KÜRESELLEŞMENİN ULUS DEVLET VE ULUSAL KİMLİK ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ 266-284Berna BİLGİ KARTAL

CAMEL WRESTLING CULTURE IN TURKEY 285-300Orhan YILMAZ, Mehmet ERTUĞRUL

VII

BAŞ EDİTÖR Murat KORKMAZ

BAŞ EDİTÖR YARDIMCILARI Ayhan AYTAÇYasemin KESKİN BENLİ

GENEL YAYIN YÖNETMENİ Ali Serdar YÜCEL

DERGİ SEKRETERYASI VE İLETİŞİM Ali Murat KIRIKMichael KUYUCU

TÜRKÇE DİL EDİTÖRLERİ Gülsemin HAZERYakup POYRAZ

İNGİLİZCE DİL EDİTÖRLERİ Gökşen ARASFeryal ÇUBUKÇU

ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER Murat ERCANGiray SAYNUR DERMANJudith GoldsteinKenneth SchultzMike Tomz

İŞLETME VE YÖNETİM ORGANİZASYON Sevinç ÜRETENKürşad ZORLURamazan ERDEMFikriye TOKERCemal ZEHİRPaul ADLERArvind BHAMBRİJohn BOUDREAUDavid CARTERMihael COMMBSChristine EL HADDADFast NATHANAEL

MUHASEBE VE FİNANS YÖNETİMİ Nalan AKDOĞANHacı Arif TUNCEZSimon ARCHERGeorge ALEXANDRIDISAdrian BELL

BANKACILIK VE RİSK YÖNETİMİ Muzaffer AKSOYDavid H. PYLE

TARIM EKONOMİSİ Yener ATASEVENSilke HUTTELMartin ODENING

EKONOMETRİ Taner AKÇACIMehmet Akif ARVASRobert SHERMANRolf LARSSON

PAZARLAMA VE PAZAR EKONOMİSİ Aygül YANIKH. Yelda ŞENERMarcus MARKTANNER

İKTİSAT Nur DİLBAZ ALACAHANSuat UĞURYasemin KESKİN BENLİ

İKTİSAT TARİHİ Nurullah KARTANejla GÜNAY

İSTATİSTİK David P. HARRINGTONTirhankar DASGUPTALuke BORNEmmanuel J. CANDESSourav CHATTERJEEAmir DEMBOPersi DIACONISEmre DÜNDERSercan ALMALINaomi ALTMANMichael AKRITASLe BAODavid ALDOUSAni ADHIKARIPeter BARTLETTSandrine DUDOITChing Shui CHENGSteven EVANS

KAMU YÖNETİMİ Tamer BUDAK MALİYE Mehmet YÜCEAhmet Burçin YERELİ

ÇALIŞMA EKONOMİSİ VE ENDÜSTRİYEL İLİŞKİLER Faruk ANDAÇSuat UĞURSüleyman ÖZDEMİRAlan BEGGSBrian BELLMark ARMSTRONGJohannes ABELERBrian A’HEARNMartin BROWNINGLan CRAWFORD

SPOR EKONOMİSİ VE YÖNETİMİÇetin YAMANGülten HERGÜNERFatih ÇATIKKAŞSerdar TOKYavuz TAŞKIRANAylin ZEKİOĞLUMustafa TÜRKMENSelahattin DEVECİOĞLUMatthew T. BROWNGil FRIEDDavid K. STOTLARKenneth CORTSEN

YAYIN KURULUMurat KORKMAZAhmet Burçin YERELİTamer BUDAKAyhan AYTAÇSefer GÜMÜŞGülten HERGÜNERÇetin YAMANYavuz TAŞKIRANFaruk ANDAÇSuat UĞURSüleyman ÖZDEMİRMehmet YÜCENalan AKDOĞANGiray SAYNUR DERMANMurat ERCANBülent KILIÇTaner AKÇACIMuzaffer AKSOYSevinç ÜRETENKürşad ZORLURamazan ERDEMFikriye TOKERYener ATASEVENGökşen ARASGülsemin HAZERAli Serdar YÜCELCemal ZEHİRMustafa TALASŞengül HABLEMİTOĞLUAslı UÇARÜmran SEVİLYasemin KESKİN BENLİ

ULUSLARARASI DANIŞMA KURULUJohann KIRSTENSennye MASIKEAlvaro ANGUIXGautam SENGUPTAStephen L.VARGOHing KAI CHANMai ISMANDAR DATTAMin YOUNG LEEMarco MAFFEIJavier LIORENS MONTESDavid W. STEWARTPatrick VELTERuhei WUAlhassan BUNYAMİNUVincent OMACHONUFabio SABATINIBruna ECCHIANazrul ISLAMGrigorios L. KYRIAKOPOULOSFernando MATIAS RECHEDaniel L. RUBINFELDMark M. SPIEGELRobert S. PINDYCKVibha GABANur Adiana HİAU ABDULLAHAdigun AGBAJEKwame GYEKYEJoshua ALABİRashid SUMAİLAJohn KUADABayo OKUNDEMawutor AVOKEValentina DELLA CORTEMohsen ELHAFSIRichard F. GHISELLI

VIII

YAYIN KABUL ETTİĞİMİZ BİLİM DALLARI

³ Bankacılık ve Risk Yönetimi

³ Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstriyel İlişkiler

³ Ekonometri

³ Ekonomi

³ Kamu Yönetimi

³ Makro İktisat

³ Mali Hukuk

³ Maliye

³ Mikro İktisat

³ Muhasebe ve Finans Yönetimi

³ Para ve Politika

³ Pazarlama ve Pazar Ekonomisi

³ Sigortacılık ve Risk Yönetimi

³ Spor Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi

³ Tarım Ekonomisi

³ Uluslararası İlişkiler

³ İktisat

³ İktisat Tarihi

³ İstatistik

³ İşletme ve Yönetim Organizasyon

DISCIPLINES

³ Bankingand Risk Management

³ LabourEconomicsandIndustrialRelations

³ Econometrics

³ Economy

³ Public Administration

³ Macroeconomics

³ Financial Law

³ Finance

³ Microeconomics

³ Accounting and Financial Management

³ Money andPolitics

³ Marketing and Market Economy

³ Insuranceand Risk Management

³ Sports Economicsand Management

³ AgriculturalEconomics

³ International Relations

³ Economics

³ EconomicHistory

³ Statistics

³ Business Organisationand Management

IX

DERGİNİN TARANDIĞI İNDEKSLER

X

DİĞER DERGİLERİMİZ1. BESLENME ALIŞKANLIKLARI http://www.dbhadergisi.com2. KADIN HASTALIKLARI VE JİNEKOLOJİ http://www.jacsdergisi.com3. ORTOPEDİ TRAVMATALOJİ http://www.otshdergisi.com4. PAZARLAMA VE PAZAR ARAŞTIRMALARI http://www.uhpadergisi.com5. MÜHENDİSLİK VE FEN BİLİMLERİ http://www.hmfdergisi.com6. İKTİSAT VE EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ http://www.iibdergisi.com7. MULTİDİSİPLİNER SOSYAL BİLİMLER http://www.uhbabdergisi.com8. SPOR SAĞLIĞI TIP BİLİMLERİ http://www.sstbdergisi.com9. EDEBİYAT VE İLETİŞİM ARAŞTIRMALARI http://www.uhedergisi.com10. OKUL ÖNCESİ EĞİTİM ARAŞTIRMALARI http://www.aceddergisi.com11. HEMŞİRELİK http://www.khsdergisi.com12. MİMARLIK VE TASARIM http://www.mtddergisi.com13. PSİKİYATRİ VE PSİKOLOJİ ARAŞTIRMALARI http://www.uhpdergisi.com14. MÜZİK VE SAHNE SANATLARI http://www.uhmadergisi.com

XI

Değerli Okurlar.,

Dergimizin bu sayısında toplam 16 çalışmaya yer vermiş bulunmaktayız. Yine bu sayıda birbirinden değerli araştırma ve Uygulama çalışmaların sayıya kazandırılmasında aktif görev alan sayı hakemlerimize ve emeği geçen tüm dergi çalışanlarına teşekkür ederim. Her geçen sayıda farklı yazarlara ve araştırmacılara ait çalışmalara yer vermekten ayrıca mutluluk duyduğumuzu iletmek isterim. Dergimiz bu sayı ile birlikte yine iki uluslararası farklı indeks tarafından taranmaya başlamıştır. Uluslararası farklı indeks başvurularımız da hızla devam etmektedir. Umut ediyoruz en kısa sürede dergimiz hak ettiği yere gelecektir. Siz değerli okur ve yazarlarımızın desteği ve katkılarıyla bu inancımızın çok ivedi bir şekilde hayata geçeceğine olan inancımız tamdır. Her sayımızda olduğu gibi bu sayımızda da değerli çalışmalarını bizlerle paylaşan yazarlarımıza ayrıca teşekkür ederiz. Bir sonraki sayımız Temmuz, Ağustos ve Eylül aylarını içine alacak şekilde sistemdeki yerini alacaktır. Şimdiden tüm okur ve yazarlarımıza esenlikler diler saygılarımızı sunarız.

(Dergimizde etik kurul raporu gerektiren her türlü çalışmada yazar(lar) editörlüğe ve derginin siste-mine yayın yüklerken gerekli etik kurul rapor bilgilerini girmekle yükümlüdür. Hiçbir koşul ve şartlarda oluşan ya da oluşacak bir sorunda – problemde dergimiz, yayın kurulu, imtiyaz sahibi, yazı işleri, hakem ve bilim kurulları sorumluluk kabul etmez. Yazar(lar) bu bilgiyi dergiye yazılı olarak vermekle yükümlüdür. Bu konuda tüm sorumluluk yazar(lar) a aittir).

Basın Yayın Kanunun “5187” gereğince basılı eserler yoluyla işlenen fiillerden doğan maddi ve manevi zarar m-13-14 kapsamında dergimizde yayınlanan yayınların içeriği ve hukuki sorumluluğu tek taraflı olarak yazar(lar) a aittir. Dergimiz, yönetim, hakem, editör, bilim ve imtiyaz sahibi bu yü¬kümlülükleri kabul etmez. Dergimizde bilimsel içerikli, literatüre katkı yapan, bilimsel anlamda değer ifade eden çalışmalar kabul edilir ve yayınlanır. Bunun dışında siyasi, politik, hukuki ve ticari içerikli fikri sınai haklar kanununa aykırılık içeren yayınlara yer verilmez. Olası bir olumsuzluk durumunda yazar(lar) doğabilecek her türlü maddi ve manevi zararı peşinen kabul etmiş ve yüklenmiştir. Bu nedenle ikinci üçüncü ve diğer şahıs ile kurumlar konusunda dergimiz yönetimi ve kurulları hiçbir sorumluluğu kabul etmez. Bu yönde dergimiz ve kurulları üzerinde bir hukuki yaptırım uygulanması söz konusu olamaz. Eserlerin içeriği ve mevcut durumu yazar(lar) ait olup dergimiz bu yayınların sadece yayınlanması ve literatüre kazandırılması aşamasında görev üstlenmiştir. Tüm okuyucu, kamuoyu ve takipçilerine ilanen duyurulur.

Murat KORKMAZBaş Editör

XII

Dear Readers.,

We have included 16 papers in this volume of the journal. I thank our referees of this volume and all staff taking an active part in preparation of valuable researches and compilation studies for this volume. We feel the pleasure of giving place to the studies of different authors and researchers each day. Our journal has been indexed by two more international indices as of this volume. Our applications for other international indexes are going on. We hope that our journal will reach to the place it deserves. We believe that this will realize so fast thanks to your support and contributions. Our next volume will be in the system in a way to include the months of July, August and September. I wish all the readers and authors welfare and joy.

(In any kind of study requiring ethical board report in our journal, author(s) is/are obliged to enter the data of necessary ethical board report while uploading their publication in editorship and journal system. Our journal, publication board, grant holder, editorial office, referee and science boards do not undertake any responsibility for a problem to occur under any circumstances and conditions. Author(s) is/are obliged to give this information to journal in written. All liability in this issue belongs to author(s)).

As per the “5187” of Press Law, material and emotional damage arising from the actions via published works, the content and legal responsibility of the publications published in our journal within the scope of m-13-14 unilaterally belong to author(s). Our journal, executive board, referees, editor, science board and publisher don’t accept these obligations. The scientifically valuable papers with scientific content which contribute to literature are accepted and published in our journal. Apart from this, the papers with political, legal and commercial content which are against the intellectual property rights are not accepted. in case of a possible negative situation, author(s) is/are regarded as accepting and undertaking all kinds of possible material and emotional damage beforehand. Therefore, our journal’s management and other boards don’t accept any responsibility regarding the second, third and other persons and institutions under any condition. in this sense, a legal sanction on our journal and its boards is out of question. The content and the current status of the papers belong to author(s) and our journal only takes part in the publication of these papers and contribution to literature. Respectfully announced to all readers, public and followers by publication.

11

COMPARATIVEFINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT VARIABLES1

FARKLI DEĞİŞKENLERİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK FİNANSAL ANALİZİ

Murat SAĞBAŞ Turkish Armed Forces 9th MotorizedInfantry BrigadeCommand,Sarıkamış Kars / Turkey

Öz: Uygulamalı olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada ülkelerin finansal ve demografik verileribaz alınarak değişkenlerin birbirleri arasındaki ilişkinin uygulamalı olarak incelenmesi şeklindedir. Değişkenler toplam 63 ülke için belirlenmiştir. Bu araştırmadan elde edilen veriler E-Views8.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri sonucunda işgücünü en çok etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İndeks, Değişken, Finansal Analiz, Üstünlük

Abstract: This applied research aims at examining practically the relationship of variables with each other based on financial and demographical data of countries. Variables were determined for 63 countries in total. Data used in this research was analyzed with E-Views 8.0 program.Factors that affect workforce at the most were determined with the help of regression and correlation analyses.

Key Words: Index, Variable, Financial Analysis, Superiority

(1) Sorumlu Yazar: Murat SAĞBAŞ, Turkish Armed Forces 9th Motorized Infantry Brigade Command, Sarıkamış Kars / [email protected] Geliş Tarihi / Received: 13.02.2015 Kabul Tarihi/ Accepted: 17.06.2015 Makalenin Türü: Typeofarticle (Araştırma – Uygulama / Research -Application) Çıkar Çatışması / Conflict of Interest:Yok / None“Etik Kurul Raporu Yok – None of EthicsCommittee”

Doi: 10.17373/UHEYAD.2015411127

UHEYAD ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİINTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES ON ECONOMY MANAGEMENT

www.uheyadergisi.comUluslararasıHakemliEkonomiYönetimiAraştırmalarıDergisi

Nisan / Mayıs / Haziran – İlkbaharYazDönemiSayı: 4 Yıl:2015 International Refereed Journal Of Research on Economics Management

April / May / June - Spring Summer Issue: 4 Year: 2015JEL CODE: L0-L60-L61-J21-J24 ID:45 K:56



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ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ International Refereed Journal of Researches on Economy Management

Ekim / Kasım / Aralık 2014 Sayı: 02 Cilt: 01 Sonbahar Kış October / November / December 2014 Issue: 02 Volume: 01 Autumn Winter

ID:13 K:02(Ekonomi) & (Economy)

www.uheyadergisi.com

(ISO 9001-2008 Belge No: 12879 & ISO 14001-2004 Belge No: 12880)

SANAYİ VE KONUTLAR AÇISINDAN TÜKETİM ARALIKLARINA GÖRE ELEKTİRİK VE DOĞALGAZ FİYATLARININ EKONOMETRİK AÇIDAN

İNCELENMESİ

Murat KORKMAZ, Hakan AÇIKGÖZ

Güven Grup A.Ş. Finans Yönetmeni

1Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi, Elektrik-Enerji Bölümü

Özet : 2012-2014 Yılları arasındaki TUİK verileri kullanılarak hazırlanan bu çalışma, sanayi ve konutlarda kullanılan doğalgaz ile elektrik tüketiminin istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmesi şeklindedir. Farklı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışmada ANOVA modeliuygulanmıştır. Ayrıca hipotez testleri uygulanarak araştırma daha kapsamlı hale getirilmiştir. Sanayi ve konutlarda tüketim aralıklarına göre elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının tespit edilmesi yönünde hareket edilmiş olup, yapılan istatistik bulgulara göre de sonuca gidilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda; sanayi sektörü için tüketim aralığı arttıkça, elektrik ve doğalgaz fiyatlarının genel seviyesinde düşüş gözlendiği sonucuna varılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak tüketim aralığı Kw cinsinden yükseldikçe, fiyatlarda da azalma meydana gelmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler : Elektrik, Doğalgaz, Tüketim, Sanayi, Konut, Anova, TUİK, Fiyat

ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS PRICES ACCORDING TO CONSUMPTION RANGES IN TERMS OF INDUSTRY AND

HOUSES

Abstract: In this study prepared by using data of TSI belonging to the years of 2012-2014, the consumption of electricity and natural gas used in industry and houses is statistically analyzed. ANOVA model was applied to the study prepared with the use of differenttechniques for analysis. Moreover, tests of hypothesis were applied and the research was made more comprehensive. The purpose was to determine electricity and natural gas prices

INTRODUCTION

There are some variables affecting fragility factor in macro-economic balance. Private sector, public sector, judicial system, financial markets and some other factors are effective on this fragility. It is possible to assess fragility as micro and macro. In macro assessment, we can show malfunctions of international financial system while in micro assessment,we can show malfunctions of national financial system.Different financial tools such as loan rates, current account balance, short or long term borrowing are effective on this fragile balance in an active or passive way. Since the commence-ment of economic life, there have been many different financial crises. Throughout history, this situation affected developed or developing world countries. In the economy theory suggested by Hyman Minsky, it is stated that when the factors causing financial fragility are enhanced, financial fragility will be an indispensable result.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LIT-ERATURE REVIEW

Financial crises affect many world countries negatively (Filhoet al., 2005). Production of goods and service as well as labor capital entry cause many financial factors to be affected by macro or micro way (Rogers, 1989: 193).Raw material and labor capital factors which are the most important input in production process are significant indicators of how much share shall be taken from production at the end of production

process (Fontan and Gerrard, 2004: 626).Many factors should come together in order to perform production. The main factors are workforce re-garding that job, raw material, capital, economic management and stability (Lavoie, 1984: 773). Socio-demographic features of a country in terms of economy both affect economic relationship of that country with other world countries and bring about different effects within its own body (Smithin, 1994: 2). The uncertainty of future in the economy of a country causes occurrence of fluctuations in production and employment (Ar-estis, 1997: 44). Profit expectations of firms turn into loss because of occurring problems (Itohand Lapavitsas, 1999: 229). Uncertainties cause fra-gilities for financial environments and economic world as and create balancing problems because of their effect on decision mechanisms (Fontana and Gerrard, 2004: 81). The principal uncertainty is economic risks airing in financial units. This situation causes occurrence of serious risks for enterprises and financial structures (Davidson, 1991: 129, 131). Within the financial life, risk can be calculated and prevented or serious losses can take place because of arising risks (Rotheim, 1999: 91). Problems in economy have negative effect on especially employment and production systems as well as causing economic rout of that country (Ritzmann, 1999: 167). It is impossible to mention about hot money’s finding its direction in an uncertain environment (Davidson, 1994: 94-95). Therefore, it is an indispensable result that uncertainties will occur and financial units






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will perform applications to cut down on their consumptions (FilhoandConceiçao, 2005: 581). Financial system can be assessed as internal and external and it can also be shown as a liv-ing structure directing itself within the system (Minsky,1986: 325).

Aim, Scope, Method

This research aims at examining practically the relationship of variables with each other based on financial and demographical data of countries. Variables were determined for 63 countries in total.

Analysis of Data

Data gathered from this research was analyzed with E-Views 8.0 program.Factors that affect workforce at the most were determined with the help of regression and correlation analyses.

Hypotheses of the Research

H0:There is not any relationship among variables.

H0:There is not any relationship between rule of law and other variables.

H0:There is not any relationship between freedom index and other variables.

APPLICATIONS AND ANALYSES

Summaries of Variables

• FRAGILITY: Fragility index

• GINI: Gini index

• EXDEBTPRIV: Total amount of private sec-tor external debt

• EXDEBTPUB: Total amount of public sector external debt

• LAW: Rule of law

• FREEDOM: Freedom index

CORRELATION ANALYSIS

H0: There is not any relationship among vari-ables.

Results regarding the performed correlation analysis are shown below:

• There is a low level negative relationship between fragility index and Gini index; a medium level negative relationship between fragility index and private sector external debts; a medium level negative relationship between fragility index and public debts; a high level negative relationship between fragility index and rule of law; a medium level negative relationship between fragility index and freedom index.

• There is a low level negative relationship between Gini index and private sector external debt; a low level negative relationship between Gini index and public debts; a low level negative relationship between Gini index and rule of law; a medium positive relationship between Gini index and freedom index.






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• There is a high level positive relationship be-tween private sector external debts and public debts; a medium level positive relationship between private sector external debts and rule of law; a medium level positive relationship between private sector external debts and freedom index.

• There is a medium level positive relationship between public external debts and rule of law;a medium level positive relationship between public external debts and freedom index.

• There is a medium level positive relationship between rule of law and freedom index.

Table 1. Pearson Correlation

FRAGILITY GINI EXDEBTPRIV EXDEBTPUB LAW FREEDOM

FRAGILITY -

GINI -0,0424 -

EXDEBTPRIV -0,3430 -0,0408 -

EXDEBTPUB -0,3265 -0,0533 0,7276 -

LAW -0,6914 -0,0708 0,3456 0,2554 -

FREEDOM -0,6904 0,2829 0,1767 0,1030 0,4266 -

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

H0:There is not any relationship between rule of law and other variables.

When regression analysis was assessed in which rule of law and other variables were examined all together, these results were acquired:

• One unit of change in fragility has 12 units of reducing effect on rule of law.

• One unit of change in Gini index has 0,08 units of increasing effect on rule of law.

• One in a hundred unit of change in private sector external debts has 1 unit of reducing effect on rule of law.

• One in a hundred unit of change in public external debts has 5,13 units of increasing effect on rule of law.






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Table 2. Rule of Law RegressionDependent Variable: LAW

Method: Least Squares

Date: 06/14/15 Time: 23:04

Sample: 1 63

Included observations: 62

Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob.

FRAGILITY -12.62818 2.203406 -5.731210 0.0000

GINI 0.080838 0.192997 0.418859 0.6769

LOGEXDEBTPRIV -1.018608 0.614066 -1.658793 0.1026

LOGEXDEBTPPUB 5.139330 0.924577 5.558575 0.0000

R-squared 0.438147 Mean dependent 34.17673

Adjusted R-squared 0.409085 S.D. dependent 18.27336

S.E. of regression 14.04691 Akaike info criterion 8.185023

Sum squared resid 11444.32 Schwarz criterion 8.322258

Log likelihood -249.7357 Hannan-Quinn criter. 8.238905

Durbin-Watson stat 2.481640

H0:There is not any relationship between freedom index and other variables.

When regression analysis was assessed in which rule of law and other variables were examined all together, these results were acquired:

• One unit of change in fragility has 0,38 units of reducing effect on freedom index.

• One unit of change in Gini index has 0,05 units of increasing effect on freedom index.

• One in a hundred unit of change in private sector external debts has 0,01 unit of increas-ing effect freedom index.

• One in a hundred unit of change in public external debts has 0,24 units of increasing effect on freedom index.






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Table 3. Freedom Index RegressionDependent Variable: FREEDOM

Method: Least Squares

Date: 06/14/15 Time: 23:04

Sample: 1 63

Included observations: 62


FRAGILITY -0.388126 0.147307 -2.634807 0.0108

GINI 0.054259 0.012903 4.205278 0.0001

LOGEXDEBTPRIV 0.019088 0.041053 0.464965 0.6437

LOGEXDEBTPPUB 0.247650 0.061812 4.006517 0.0002

R-squared 0.246743 Mean dependent 6.381129

Adjusted R-squared 0.207781 S.D. dependent 1.055085





CONCLUSION AND ASSESSMENT

• There is a low level negative relationship between fragility index and Gini index; a medium level negative relationship between fragility index and private sector external debts; a medium level negative relationship between fragility index and public debts; a high level negative relationship between fragility index and rule of law; a medium level nega-tive relationship between fragility index and freedom index. There is a low level negative

relationship between Gini index and private sector external debt; a low level negative relationship between Gini index and public debts; a low level negative relationship be-tween Gini index and rule of law; a medium positive relationship between Gini index and freedom index. There is a high level positive relationship between private sector external debts and public debts; a medium level positive relationship between private sector external






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debts and rule of law; a medium level positive relationship between private sector external debts and freedom index.There is a medium level positive relationship between public external debts and rule of law; a medium level positive relationship between public external debts and freedom index.There is a medium level positive relationship between rule of law and freedom index.

• One unit of change in fragility has 12 units of reducing effect on rule of law.One unit of change in Gini index has 0,08 units of increas-ing effect on rule of law.One in a hundred unit of change in private sector external debts has 1 unit of reducing effect on rule of law.One in a hundred unit of change in public external debts has 5,13 units of increasing effect on rule of law.

• One unit of change in fragility has 0,38 units of reducing effect on freedom index.One unit of change in Gini index has 0,05 units of increasing effect on freedom index.One in a hundred unit of change in private sector external debts has 0,01 unit of increasing effect freedom index.One in a hundred unit of change in public external debts has 0,24 units of increasing effect on freedom index.

REFERENCES

ARESTIS, P., (1997). Money, Pricing, Distribution andEconomic Integration, MacmillanPressLtd

DAVIDSON, P., (1991). “Is ProbabilityTheo-ryRelevantforUncertainty? A Post Keynes-ianPerspective”, Journal of EconomicPer-spectives, 5, (1)

DAVIDSON, P., (1994). Post Keynesyen Macro EconomicTheory (A Foundation forSuc-cessfulEconomicPoliciesforTwenty-Firsth Century), Edward Elgar Publishing Company

FONTANA, G., et al., (2004). A Post Keynesian-Theory of DecisionMaking UnderUncertainty, Journal of EconomicPsychology, v. 25

FILHO, F., et al., (2005). TheConcept of Uncertainty in Post KeynesianTheoryand in InstitutionalEconomics, Journal of Eco-nomicIssues, 39 (3)

ITOH, M., et al., (1999). PoliticalEconomy of Money and Finance, Macmillan Pres Ltd

LAVOIE, M., (1984). TheEndogenousFlow of CreditandThe Post KeynesianTheory of Money,Journal of EconomicIssues, 18 (3)

MINSKY, H.P., (1986). Stabilizing An Un-stableEconomy, The Second Edition, Mc-GrawHillCompany, New York, USA

ROGERS, C., (1989). Money, InterestandCapital (A Study in theFoundations of Monetary-Theory), Cambridge UniversityPress

ROTHEIM, R.J., (1999). Post KeynesianEco-nomicsand Realist Philisophy, Journal of PostKeynesianEconomics, 22 (1)






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RITZMANN, F., (1999). Money, a Substi-tuteforConfidence? Vaughanto Keynes andBeyond,TheAmericanJournal of Eco-nomicsandSociology, 58 (2)

SMITHIN, J., (1994). Controversies in Mon-etaryEconomics, Edward Elgar Publishing Company

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INDUSTRIAL LABOR INPUT INDICES AND EMPLOYMENT ANALYSİS1

SANAYİ İŞGÜCÜ GİRDİ ENDEKSLERİ VE İSTİHDAM ANALİZİ

Mehmet Naci EFEChairman of the Board, EkolGrupCorp.,Istanbul / Turkey

Öz: Bu araştırma sanayi işgücü girdi endeksleri ve istihdam verileri dikkate alınarak farklı istatistik yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edilmesi şeklindedir. Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan dünya ülkelerinin dışa bağımlılığının azalması ya da azaltılmasında önemli olan sanayi gücü Türkiye açısından dünden bugüne gelişmesini devam ettirmektedir. Son on yıl içerisinde Türkiye’nin sanayi girdi ve istihdam oranlarına ba-kıldığında oldukça iyi olduğu gözlenmektedir. Her ne kadar kayıt dışı istihdamın önüne geçilememiş olsa da sanayi sektörü açısından gelişmesini devam ettirmektedir. Araştırma uygulamalı olarak gerçek-leştirilmiş ve araştırmada TUIK den elde 2002-2015 yılına ait elde edilen veriler kullanılarak E-Views8.0 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan regresyon ve korelasyon analizleri sonucunda işgücünü en çok etkileyen faktörler belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İşgücü, Girdi Endeksi, Sanayi, İstihdam, TUIK

Abstract: This study analyses the industrial labor input indices and employment data through various statistical methods. Industrial power, which plays an important role in reduced foreign dependence of developed and developing countries of the world,has continued to develop in Turkey until today. It can be observed that Turkey has performed very well in terms of industrial inputs and employment rates during the last decade. Although the problem of informal employment has not been solved yet, it continues its development in industrial sector. The study was conducted in a practical manner. The data obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) for the 2002-2015 period were analyzed through the software E-Views 8.0. The most influential factors on labor were determined through regression and correlation analyses.

Key Words: Labor, Input Index, Industry, Employ-ment, TUIK

(1) Sorumlu Yazar: Mehmet Naci EFE, Chairman of the Board, EkolGrup Corp., Istanbul / Turkey [email protected] Geliş Tarihi / Received: 17.01.2015 Kabul Tarihi/ Accepted: 23.05.2015 Makalenin Türü: Typeofarticle (Araştırma – Uygulama / Research -Application) Çıkar Çatışması / Conflict of Interest:Yok / None“Etik Kurul Raporu Yok – None of EthicsCommittee”

Doi: 10.17373/UHEYAD.2015411130

UHEYAD ULUSLARARASI HAKEMLİ EKONOMİ YÖNETİMİ ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİINTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES ON ECONOMY MANAGEMENT



April / May / June - Spring Summer Issue: 4 Year: 2015JEL CODE: L60-J21-J24 ID:43 K:56



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INTRODUCTION

Development level of a country can be only explained by its industrial labor. Developed world countries are observed to have more developed, systematic, powerful and effective labor force when compared to other countries. One of the main indicators in underdeveloped or developing countries is that they have rela-tively lower real income per capita. Another important factor in the underdeveloped and de-veloping world countries is larger rural popula-tion, lower rate of literate people, shorter life expectancy and less economic sufficiency. The most important factor of development indi-cators is the level of economic development. Competitiveness of a country with other world countries, its superiority, preferability and most importantly, its economic powerfulness are dependent on high industrial power and production rates. An industrially undeveloped world country cannot be expected to have a high level of welfare, because economic suf-ficiency is only proportional to parallelism of employment and welfare level. Employment of a country’s individuals and their level of economic income are the indicators of welfare and development for that country.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW

According to traditional foreign trade theo-ries, every country has an aspect in which it is

superior to (has advantages over) other world countries (Landmann, 2004:18).Underdevel-oped world countries are foreign-dependent (Stiglitz, 1984:42). They have to purchase goods or services from abroad in order to be able to make production. With the globaliza-tion emerging towards the end of 1980s,each world country has become a market (Pissa-rideset al.,2004:1-4).Quotas and restrictions have been eliminated by globalization, and the free market system has become dominant (Malleyand Mustacelli, 1997:96–99).The main thing to be considered at this point is that production has become globalized. We can call the movement of capital as finan-cial globalization and economic superiority (Chang etc., 2009:328-334). Before global-ization and during the times when there was no development discourse, buying and selling goods were shown as the start of economic events. Today, however, buying and selling goods and services are considered as an in-ternational activity (Petersen et al. 2007:16). Every developed world country has an aspect in which it is superior to (has advantage over) others in terms of services or goods (Cave-laars, 2005:46-48-52-54-59). It transfers this superiority to other world countries through trade, and it gets economic benefits thanks to its advantage (Wakeford, 2004:1-4-9-20).When the comparative advantages theory is taken in its traditional form,it suggests that the underdeveloped countries are required to get






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specialized in the production of food, mine and agricultural raw materials, to export such goodsand to import many of their industrial products from developed countries due to their factor endowment and technological struc-ture (Yusopet, at al., 2005:97-100).In Turkish industry, the employment rate has increased by 0.5%, total hours of work by 0.5% and the gross income level by 3.6% since 2014. We can suggest that Turkey’s foreign dependence has decreased in each year in parallel with the development of its industrial power. In the 3rd quarter of 2014,the seasonal calendar effect has decreased by 0.5% compared to the previous quarter. It is observed that employ-ment index has increased by 2.2% compared to the previous year. Informal employment is one of the most important problems in Tur-key1 (Pazarlıoğlu, Çevik, 2007:1- 12-15).The income and wage policies cause many en-terprises to continue informal employment, and this leads many individuals not to have social security, which in turn results in re-duced economic input in public sector (Bau-mol, 1994:205-206; Cohen, 2001:29; Solow, 2004:269; Kaldor, 2007:116).Employment policies are negatively affected by the strict attitude in current wages policiesand by the fact that the real wages policies are below liv-ing standards (Tunç, 2007:3-4-86-88).One of the most important factors leading employers

1 http : / /w w w.paraana l i z . com/m/? id=1507 Accessed 11 March 2015

and employees to informal employment is that the current minimum wage is still below the level of quality living standards (Hall, et al.,2007:1-2-11-13-21-23). The problems in the labor market and informal employment have been heavily focused on in recent years (Şahin, 2006: 375). Employment, which is one of the important indicators of economic growth,constitute the most important indi-cator between the qualified labor force and required labor force (Malleyand Mustacelli, 1997:96–99). There are many problems re-sulting from the high number of unemployed young people and the insufficient level of women employment (Yusof, 2007:153–155-159).Productivity in labor and industrial sec-tor can be only achieved through the improve-ment of wages policies (Gali,1999:258-269). Therefore, we can suggest that productivity and employment are parallel to each other (Dibooğluand Enders, 2001: 495–496–507). Fair waging for properly employed workers and granting all the rights they deserve will enhance qualified labor and increase produc-tivity and performance (MalleyandMustacel-li, 1997:96–99).

Aim, Scopeand Method

This study examined in a practical manner the relation among the basic variables of la-bor based on TUIK-Press Releases / Industri-al Labor Input Indices. Variables were deter-mined for the period between 2002 and 2015.






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Data Analysis

The data acquired in this study were analyzed through the software E-Views 8. The factors with the biggest impact on the labor were de-termined through regression and correlation analyses.

Hypothesis of the study

H0:There is no relation among the vari-ables.

H0:There is no relation between employ-ment index and other variables.

H0:There is no relation between working hours and other variables.

H0:There is no relation between the wage index and other variables.

IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSES

Abbreviations of the variables

• EMP: Employment

• HW: Hours worked

• ME: Wage index

• LII: Labor input index

CORRELATION ANALYSIS

H0:There is no relation among the variables.

The results of the correlation analysis are pro-vided below.

• Employment index has a high correlation with wage index and working hours and a moderate correlation with labor.

• Working hours has a high correlation with wage index and a moderate correlation with labor index.

• Wage index has a moderate correlation with labor index.

Table 1. Pearson Correlation

EMP HW WI LII

EMP -

HW 0.94 -

WI 0.78 0.70 -

LII 0.50 0.46 0.42 -

REGRESSION ANALYSIS

H0:There is no relation between employment index and other variables.

Following results were obtained from the re-gression analysis which examined employ-ment index and other labor statistics together.






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A one-unit increase in working hours in-creases employment index by 0.80 unit.

A one-unit increase in wage index increas-es employment index by 0.07 unit.

A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es employment index by 0.10 unit.

Table 2. Employment regression

Dependent Variable: EMP

Method: Panel Least Squares

Date: 06/13/15 Time: 21:57

Sample: 2012 2015

Periods included: 4

Cross-sections included: 39

Total panel (balanced) observations: 156


HW 0.808769 0.029365 27.54217 0.0000

WI 0.077998 0.012950 6.022855 0.0000

LII 0.102803 0.022858 4.497401 0.0000

R-squared 0.913756 Mean dependent var 112.2173

Adjusted R-squared 0.912628 S.D. dependent var 9.163055





H0:There is no relation between working hour and other variables.

Following results were obtained from the re-gression analysis which examined working hours and other labor statistics together.






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A one-unit increase I wage index increases working hours by 0.26 unit.

A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es working hours by 0.61 unit.

Table 3.Working hours regression Dependent Variable: HW


Date: 06/13/15 Time: 22:03

Sample: 2012 2015

Periods included: 4




WI 0.265142 0.028398 9.336664 0.0000

LII 0.611064 0.038859 15.72513 0.0000







H0:There is no relation between wage index and other variables.

Following results were obtained from the re-gression analysis which examined wage in-dex and other labor statistics together.

A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es wage index by 1.35 units.






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Table 4. Wage index regression Dependent Variable: WI


Date: 06/13/15 Time: 22:05

Sample: 2012 2015

Periods included: 4




LII 1.355743 0.014899 90.99256 0.0000







CONCLUSION AND ASSESSMENT

• Employment index has a high correlation with working hours and wage index and a moderate correlation with labor index. Working hours has a high correlation with wage index and moderate correlation with labor index. Wage index has a moderate correlation with labor index.

• A one-unit increase in working hours in-creases employment index by 0.80 unit.

• A one-unit increase in wage index increas-es employment index by 0.07 unit.

• A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es employment index by 0.10 unit.

• A one-unit increase in wage index increas-es working hours by 0.26 unit.

• A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es working hours by 0.61.

• A one-unit increase in labor index increas-es wage index by 1.35 units.






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ECONOME

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