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Travelling through history and UITP’s archives is always a rich experience as it reveals the evolution of transport modes, habits and ideas. This is also true for buses and trolleybuses. We hope that this non exhaustive material put together for the 100th meeting of the Bus Committee of UITP’s Bus Division will make you discover those invaluable archives.
BUSES AND TROLLEYBUSES IN UITP’S HISTORY… AND BEYOND
SEARCHED, SELECTED AND COMPILED FROM UITP’S ARCHIVE AT THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH BUS COMMITTEE MEETING
1885 - 17 August, foundation of the « Union Internationale Permanente de Tramways »
63 companies from 9 countries interested in the project, including 55 operators. 44 delegates participate in the first meeting in Brussels during which Gustave Michelet presents for the first time the objectives of the new association.
1886 - First Congress takes place in Berlin, with 110 participants from 6 countries.
Gustave MICHELET (Tramways Bruxellois) is elected as the first President with J FISCHER-DICK (Grosse Berliner Pferde-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft) as Vice-President and Fernand NONNENBERG as the first Secretary General. Rules are adopted as well as the official languages, French and German. Brussels selected as the official location of the association
1914 - The 18th Congress that was planned to take place in Budapest is cancelled due to the outbreak of the First World War. No other congress will take place until 1922 and the activities of the association will be reduced.
1922 - A new association is founded with members of allied and neutral nations. A new name is chosen “Union internationale des tramways, de chemins de fer d'intér t local et de transports publics automobiles" to take into account the rapid emergence of the bus.
UITP’S MILESTONES
CONTENTS
32
1. UITP’S MILESTONES
2. BUS AND TROLLEYBUS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BEGINNINGS
3. BUSES WITHIN THE ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE BUS COMMITTEE
• CONGRESS REPORTS AND ARTICLES 1885-1960
4. BUS COMMITTEE – THE ROUTE FROM 1960 TO 2016
• BUS CONFERENCES
• CONGRESS REPORTS SINCE 1961
5. BUS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN
6. HISTORY LIST OF ALL BUS COMMITTEE MEETING PLACES
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1830 (since) – United Kingdom, France… use of steam buses
1886 - Karl BENZ patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile, the “Benz Patent Motorwagen” (built for the first time in 1885) and designs its first truck in 1889
1890’s - Rudolf Diesel develops a high-speed compression ignition engine
1895 – An adapted Benz truck is used by the “Netphener Omnibus-Gesellschaft”
1898 - First internal combustion engine-powered buses in operation (United Kingdom 1898, Germany 1903, New York 1905, Paris 1906…)
1902 - First trolleybus line in operation in Germany
1920-21 - Pneumatic tires used for buses and first Diesel motors for bus propulsion
1929 - The first articulated bus enters in service
BUS AND TROLLEYBUS TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTS FROM THE BEGINNINGS…
4 5
1927 - An important meeting is held in Basel (Switzerland) during which members of the Union and members of the ”Internationaler Strassenbahn- und Kleinbahn- Verein” (the nations excluded post-war) decide to reconstitute the association to its pre-1914 status. The German language is reintroduced as an official language and the decision is also taken to open communications and published reports to other languages (mainly English).
The 50th anniversary of the Union is celebrated during a special meeting held in Brussels in 1935. The meeting is held in the presence of HM King Leopold III of Belgium in the presence of some 1,500 delegates.
In 1939, the association adopts a new name “International Union of Public Transport - UITP”
1940 - Due to war, activities of the association are reduced to a minimum. A German administrator controls the association
1945-46 – The Belgian members of the Management Committee meet in Brussels to evaluate the future of the association. Belgian, French and British members decide that the association should continue with its activities as it did before the war. No decisions will be made regarding how to approach the German members, indeed no contact will be made with them, until peace treaties are signed
1949 - Adoption of the "Ben England" motion suggesting that "the status of member is open to all public transport companies without any discrimination". This motion opened the door to the reintegration of German and Austrian members in the association and turned UITP into a real worldwide association. After World War II, UITP gradually moves from a strongly technical focus to also deal with political issues, taking on an international and regional advocacy role in support and on behalf of the collective mobility sector
1959 – Paris, organization for the first of a major exhibition of vehicles and equipment
1960 – Birth of the International Commission for the Standardization of Motorbuses
1965 – Tel Aviv, first congress outside Europe
1965 – Commission for the Standardization of Motorbuses -> Commission for the Study of Motorbuses
1977 – Montréal, first congress organized in North America
1983 - Rio de Janeiro, first congress organized in Latin America
1985 – Brussels, commemoration of the 100 years of existence of the association
1989 – Commission for the Study of Motorbuses -> UITP Bus Committee
1993 – Sydney, first congress organized in Oceania
2001 – London, statutory reform: creation Bus Division (Bus Assembly + Bus Committee)
2011 – Dubai, first congress in the MENA region
2014 – Abu Dhabi - Birth of the Trolleybus Committee
2016 – Prague – 100th Bus Committee
1967 - Development by the VÖV (Germany) of a standard urban bus (SL 1) that enters service in 1968
1973 - Development of a standard regional bus concept in Germany
1978 - Development of the dual-mode trolleybus
1983 - Second generation of standard buses developed in Germany
1986 – “O-Bahn” busway opens in Adelaide
1989 - Presentation of the concept for a low-floor standard bus
2000’s - The “Bus Rapid Transit” concept develops on a large scale, based on pioneering experiences from Curitiba (1974, 1979-1980), Ottawa (Transitway - 1983) and Adelaide (O-Bahn – 1986). Diversification of new fuels for buses; clean fuels, hybrid buses, fuel cells, electromobility … to cope with future fossil fuel shortages
2001 – European directive on buses (2001/85/EC) accessible bus and passenger safety
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1930-1950’s - The trolleybuses experiences a golden age with major developments in the UK, France, Brazil, USSR, Germany and Switzerland
1930’s - Growing importance of the bus mode revolutionizes urban services (replacing numerous tramway networks) and offers the possibility to greatly improve services in rural areas
1942 - France, definition of standard trolleybuses (type A to D according to their length)
1945 - After the war, the tramway decline continues particularly in North America although it is maintained and even developed in some European countries like Switzerland, Germany, USSR and Austria… The bus benefits as a result
After the 1950s, public transport sees a general decline due to the continued increase in private car traffic and lack of interest from public authority’s trolleybuses, which are considered too costly and insufficiently flexible, are replaced by buses
1952 - First modern articulated buses and trolleybuses
1958 – Flywheel operational tests in Léopoldville and in Switzerland
1965 - The first new standard urban buses designed by RATP and UTPUR are on the French roads
Madrid, 1953 – “Organisation of repair-shops and depots: motorbuses and trolleybuses” (L Lagarrigue) and “Rolling stock: trends in motorbus construction” (A A M Durrant)
Naples, 1955 – “Use of trailers for buses and trolleybuses; articulated vehicles” (O Miescher)
Hamburg – Berlin, 1957 – “Latest progress in motorbus construction and present trends” (L Lagarrigue)
Paris, 1959 – “Trends in motorbus construction” (E R L Fitzpayne – W M Little)
Congress reports - Bus
Congress reports - Trolleybus
Articles - Bus
Articles - Trolleybus
Congress reports and articles 1885-1960
Year RBU RTB ABU ATB
1908 1
1924 1
1926 2
1928 1
1930 3
1932 4 1
1934 4
1935 1
1937 2 1
1939 2 4
1947 1
1949 1 1
1951 1
1952 2
1953 2 1
1954 1 2
1955 2 2 1
1956 1
1957 1
1959 1
1960 1
28 12 5 3
2812
35
8 9
BUSES WITHIN THE ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE BUS COMMITTEE
Mainly based on rail activities in the first years of its existence, the association looks at the road sector for the first time in a report published for the Congress held in Munich in September 1908 entitled « Avantages et inconvénients des autobus ; leurs résultats d’exploitation » (MAUCLERE - Paris).
Between 1908 and 1960, 28 congress reports will be devoted to buses and 12 to trolleybuses.
Paris, 1924 – « Le moteur pratique des transports publics automobiles » (BONHOMME Paris)
Barcelona, 1926 - « Aménagement technique de l’autobus » (Chauchat) and « Disposition des carrosseries d’autobus » (De Croës – Bruxelles)
Rome, 1928 - « Agent de force motrice pour transports automobiles » (Guiffart)
Warsaw, 1930 – three reports dealing with « Emploi de moteurs huile lourde sur voies ferrées et sur routes » (H Arnold et F Eichelhardt), the « Perfectionnements apportés dans la construction du matériel roulant sur voies ferrées et sur routes en vue d’augmenter le confort des voyageurs… » (P Kremer) and the « Comparaison des transports en commun, chemins de fer d’intér t local, tramways, omnibus automobiles, entre eux et avec les transports particuliers… » (P. Nestrypke)
The Hague, 1932 – Many reports are at the menu : « Exploitation par trolleybus » (Ch Harmel - R Vente), « Horaires économiques pour tramways et lignes d’autobus sur les sections o il y a une circulation tr s dense… » (Nieuwenhuis), « Comparaison des transports en commun, chemins de fer d’intér t local, tramways, omnibus automobiles – le rail et la route » (P Jourdain), and the « Meilleures dispositions adopter pour la carrosserie des automobiles des transports en commun, tant urbains que ruraux » (Ponset - Métayer).
Berlin, 1934 – For the first, reports are translated in English : « Tramways – Autobus – Trolleybus ; essais de coordination et résultats financiers » (R Vente), « Emploi des métaux légers dans la construction du matériel roulant (tramway et autobus) » (H Zehnder - A Hugh and « Utilisation du moteur Diesel ; état actuel de la question d’apr s les derni res expériences » (M Preus - R Stuart-Pilcher)
Also published at the same congress but not translated: « Ateliers : disposition et organisation ; travaux d’entretien du matériel roulant. Tramways et autobus… » (J Devienne – Br Dziugiell) and « Rail et route »
Vienna, 1937 – « Les carburants pour moteurs d’automotrices lég res et d’autobus » (W Wilsens) and « Emploi sur les véhicules de transport en commun des moteurs huile lourde » (Vergniole)
Zürich – Bern, 1939 – “Motorbus rolling material in all countries” (Larchier) and “Working and comparison of the various means of traction: progress and development of omnibuses in Great Britain” (J L Gunn)
Stockholm, 1949 – “The designs of rolling stock for rapid services, speedy fare collection and reduced occupation of road surface: motorbuses” (J L Daubresse – R Dehon)
Edinburgh, 1951 – “Power transmission from engine to wheels in motorbuses” (M Paribeni - V Leuzzi)
1995 51st Paris The Bus Transit System - its Contribution to Promoting Mobility & Quality of Life
1997 52nd Stuttgart Propellants of the Future
1998 report of Gas Buses
1999 53rd Toronto The development of the hybrid vehicle in Europe, The drive towards the non-polluting bus, Modular systems (Alcan), Zero emission (Evobus), Think tram - use buses (IT).
2000 report of Hybrid Buses
2001 54th London CNG & FC buses, Improving bus productivity via bus priority systems, FC buses (Evobus)
2003 55th Madrid SORT, Transmilenio BRT Bogota, NEFLEET FC buses (Mercedes)
Bus evolution et standardisation /
1978
European Bus of the Future / 2006
Bus Tendenzen / 1987
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Congress reports since 1961
1961 34th Copenhagen Air Suspension
1963 35th Rome Characteristics of Standardised Motorbuses for Urban & Regional Passenger Transport Operation
1965 36th Tel Aviv Use of Light Weight Metals & Plastic Materials in Motorbus Construction
1967 37th Barcelona Measurement of Bus Noise & Air Pollution
1969 38th London Standardisation of Motorbuses
1971 39th Rome Motorbus of Tomorrow
1973 40th The Hague Motorbus & Environment
1975 41st Nice Motorbus & Man / Maintenance & Reliability of Motorbuses
1977 42nd Montreal Development of the Bus & its Integration in Modern Transport Systems, Dial-a-Bus & Taxi Services Included
1979 43rd Helsinki Technical & Economic Aspects of Articulated Buses
1981 44th Dublin Comparisons of Large Capacity Buses, Progress in Standardisation
1983 45th Rio de Janeiro Simple & Reliable Buses for Difficult Operating Conditions
1985 46th Brussels The Motorbus in the year 2000 / Recommendations 1985
1987 47th Lausanne Optimisation & Bus Maintenance by Computer, Optimum Size of Small Buses
1989 48th Budapest Buses & Environment: Reducing Exhaust Pollution Maintenance within the Undertaking?
1991 49th Stockholm Defining the Low-Floor Bus
1993 50th Sydney Thoughts on the Economics of Buses: Acquisition, Operation, Service Life
Bus Conferences
Brugge 1995 Intermediate Mode of Public Transport
Nürnberg 1998 Diesel-Electric Buses with Hybrid Drive
Maastricht 2001 Innovation in Road Public Transport
Brisbane 2004 Bus systems driving cities forward
Bogota 2007 Bus system without limits!
Lyon 2010 Do green buses bring more customers?
Istanbul 2012 Think Bus! Cost-effectiveness of buses
Rio 2014 Grow with Bus
BUS COMMITTEE – THE ROUTE FROM 1960 TO 2016
NO. CITY DATE CHAIRMAN
1 meeting Brussels 11 October 1960 C. GUZZANTI <IT>
2 meeting Brussels 20 December 1961 C. GUZZANTI
3 meeting Brussels 21 February 1962 C. GUZZANTI
4 meeting Pisa 5 June 1962 C. GUZZANTI
5 meeting Paris 5 November 1962 C. GUZZANTI
6 meeting Edinburgh 11-12 June 1963 C. GUZZANTI
7 meeting Taormina 9-10 December 1963 C. GUZZANTI
8 meeting Brussels 20 January 1964 C. GUZZANTI
9 meeting Bern 26-27 May 1964 C. GUZZANTI
10 meeting Pisa 14-15 December 1964 C. GUZZANTI
11 meeting Hamburg 7-8 October 1965 C. GUZZANTI
12 meeting Lyon-Paris 25-28 April 1966 C. GUZZANTI
13 meeting Rome 19-21 October 1966 C. GUZZANTI
14 meeting Brussels 15-16 February 1967 C. GUZZANTI (deputy M. FLONER)
15 meeting Leyland 7-8 November 1967 C. GUZZANTI (deputy W. LITTLE)
16 meeting Hamburg 2-3 April 1968 C. GUZZANTI
17 meeting Turin 4-5 December 1968 C. GUZZANTI
18 meeting Stockholm 10-11 June 1969 C. GUZZANTI
19 meeting Madrid 15-16 October 1969 C. GUZZANTI
20 meeting Paris 5-6 May 1970 C. GUZZANTI (deputy A. FLURY)
21 meeting New York 19-22 October 1970 C. GUZZANTI (deputy A. FLURY)
22 meeting Rotterdam 22-23 June 1971 Yves SAVARY <F>
23 meeting Edinburgh 7-8 September 1971 Yves SAVARY
24 meeting Brussels 7-8 December 1971 Yves SAVARY
25 meeting Hamburg 30-31 May 1972 Yves SAVARY
26 meeting Prague 28-29 September 1972 Yves SAVARY
27 meeting Florence 19-20 June 1973 Yves SAVARY
28 meeting Geneva 27-28 November 1973 Yves SAVARY
29 meeting Paris 4-5 April 1974 Yves SAVARY
30 meeting Barcelona 8-9 October 1974 Yves SAVARY
HISTORY LIST OF ALL BUS COMMITTEE MEETING PLACES
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BUS COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN
1. C GUZZANTI – Azienda Tramvie e Autobus del Comune di Roma (ATAC) - Rome2. Yves SAVARY – Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) - Paris3. André BRECHBÜHL – Verkehrsbetriebe der Stadt Zürich (VBZ) - Zurich4. Claus LUND – Hovedstadsomradets Trafikselskab (HT) - Copenhagen5. Jean-Claude MOQUET - Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP) - Paris6. Simon BROWN – London Buses Limited – London7. Henk WALING – Noord-Zuid-Hollandse Vervoer Maatschappij (NZH) – Haarlem8. Oscar SBERT LOZANO – Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) – Barcelone9. Ezio CASTAGNA – CTM S.p.A. – Cagliari
10. Thierry WAGENKNECHT – Transports Publics Genevois (TPG) – Geneva11. Mike WESTON – Transport for London (TfL) – London
1
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2
7 8
3 4
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31 meeting Edinburgh 2-3 September 1975 Yves SAVARY
32 meeting Stockholm 1-2 June 1976 Yves SAVARY
33 meeting Rotterdam 13-14 October 1976 Yves SAVARY
34 meeting Brussels 13-14 September 1977 Yves SAVARY
35 meeting Budapest 6-7 April 1978 Yves SAVARY
36 meeting Hamburg 7-8 September 1978 Yves SAVARY
37 meeting Zürich 27-28 September 1979 André BRECHBÜHL <CH>
38 meeting Paris 27-28 March 1980 André BRECHBÜHL
39 meeting Edinburgh 23-24 October 1980 André BRECHBÜHL
40 meeting Stockholm 3-4 September 1981 André BRECHBÜHL
41 meeting Rotterdam 4-5 March 1982 André BRECHBÜHL
42 meeting Salzburg 13-15 October 1982 André BRECHBÜHL
43 meeting Brussels 1 December 1982 André BRECHBÜHL
44 meeting Barcelona 22-23 September 1983 André BRECHBÜHL
45 meeting Cumbria 12-13 April 1984 André BRECHBÜHL
46 meeting San Remo 13-14 September 1984 André BRECHBÜHL
47 meeting Budapest 12-13 September 1985 André BRECHBÜHL
48 meeting Brussels 17-18 April 1986 André BRECHBÜHL
49 meeting Bremen 4-5 September 1986 André BRECHBÜHL
50 meeting Venise 7-8 September 1987 Claus LUND <DK>
51 meeting Paris 24-25 March 1988 Claus LUND
52 meeting Copenhagen 01-02 September 1988 Claus LUND
53 meeting Zürich 01-02 September 1989 Claus LUND
54 meeting Rotterdam 22-23 March 1990 Jean Claude MOQUET <F>
55 meeting Milan 6-7 September 1990 Jean Claude MOQUET
56 meeting Hamburg 5-6 September 1991 Jean Claude MOQUET
57 meeting London 23-26 February 1992 Jean Claude MOQUET
58 meeting Paris 2-3 September 1992 Jean Claude MOQUET
59 meeting Salzburg 30-31 August 1993 Jean Claude MOQUET
60 meeting Utrecht 15-16 March 1994 Simon BROWN <UK>
61 meeting Budapest 24-25 October 1994 Simon BROWN
62 meeting Bruges 30-31 August 1995 Simon BROWN
63 meeting Porto 27-28 March 1996 Simon BROWN
64 meeting Copenhagen 23-24 September 1996 Simon BROWN
65 meeting Milan 11-12 September 1997 Simon BROWN
66 meeting Barcelona 19-21 March 1998 Simon BROWN
67 meeting Florence 9-11 September 1998 Simon BROWN
68 meeting Geneva 3-5 November 1999 Henk WALING <NL>
69 meeting Prague 22-23 March 2000 Henk WALING
70 meeting Avignon 19-20 October 2000 Henk WALING
71 meeting Berlin 25-26 September 2001 Henk WALING
72 meeting Belfast 21-22 March 2002 Henk WALING
73 meeting Cagliari 24-25 October 2002 Henk WALING
74 meeting Lüdenscheid 26-28 March 2003 Henk WALING
75 meeting Trieste 2-3 October 2003 Oscar SBERT LOZANO <ES>
76 meeting Amsterdam 1-2 April 2004 Oscar SBERT LOZANO
77 meeting Riga 3-5 November 2004 Oscar SBERT LOZANO
78 meeting Marseilles 20-22 April 2005 Oscar SBERT LOZANO
79 meeting London 12-14 October 2005 Oscar SBERT LOZANO
80 meeting Budapest 5-7 April Oscar SBERT LOZANO
81 meeting Vienna 11-13 October Oscar SBERT LOZANO
82 meeting Barcelona 16-17 April Oscar SBERT LOZANO
83 meeting Verona 21-23 November Ezio CASTAGNA <IT>
84 meeting Warsaw 14-16 May Ezio CASTAGNA
85 meeting Paris 1-3 October Ezio CASTAGNA
86 meeting Prague 1-3 April Ezio CASTAGNA
87 meeting Porto 23-24 September Ezio CASTAGNA
88 meeting Geneva 14-16 April Ezio CASTAGNA
89 meeting Luxemburg 13-15 October Ezio CASTAGNA
90 meeting Cagliari 28-29 April Ezio CASTAGNA
91 meeting Berlin 5-7 October Thierry WAGENKNECHT <CH>
92 meeting stanbul 18 April Thierry WAGENKNECHT
93 meeting Brussels 16 October Thierry WAGENKNECHT
94 meeting Madrid 18 April Thierry WAGENKNECHT
95 meeting Bologna 23-24 October Thierry WAGENKNECHT
96 meeting Copenhagen 22-23 May Thierry WAGENKNECHT
97 meeting Rio 7 November Thierry WAGENKNECHT
98 meeting Milan 7 June Thierry WAGENKNECHT
99 meeting Manchester 19-20 November Mike WESTON <UK>
100 meeting Prague 12-13 May Mike WESTON
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