UK AD Biogas 2016: Day One Purple Seminar - 6 July

UK AD & BIOGAS TRADESHOW

6-7 JULY 2016NEC BIRMINGHAM

SMALL SCALE AD DEVELOPMENTCHAIR: ANGELA BYWATER, NETWORK MANAGER, ADNET

JAMES MURCOTT, DIRECTOR, METHANOGEN UK

CLARE LUKEHURST OBE, TEAM LEADER, IEA BIOENERGY TASK 37

DAVID KANER, CHIEF EXECUTIVE, ADVANCED ANAEROBICS

ALICE BAYFIELD, PROJECT COORDINATOR, QUBE RENEWABLES

ANDY BULL, ASSOCIATE PROJECT MANAGER, SEVERN WYE ENERGY AGENCY

Commercialising Small Scale AD Technology

Alice Bayfield

Introduction• QUBE Renewables Ltd designs and builds small scale

local embedded biogas energy generating systems.• Our vision is to provide Energy with out barriers -

Sustainable energy from Sanitation and Wastes

What is the Market?Global - 4 main cross-cutting sectors

– Landowners – farms wanting to utilise wastes and provide own heat, power and fuels, cut utility costs

– Waste Producers – processors or collectors want to cut disposal costs and generate energy from wastes

– Military/Infrastructure – resilience building during deployments in overseas operations, e.g. fuel in Afghanistan was $20/ litre

– Humanitarian – response to natural disasters, or for planned development and relief programmes

Our FleetModular anaerobic digestion technology providing compact biogas system packaged in multiples of standard 20ft or 40ft shipping containers

The rapidly deployed version of bioQUBE designed to sanitise waste and create biogas for energy recovery

Flexible, modular covers for lagoons or open top tanks to collect gas and intercept rainwater. Systems available in Passive or Active modes

Generate electricity and hot water from on site biogas production

Thank You

Alice [email protected]

Tel: +44 (0) 1984 624989www.quberenewables.co.uk

QUBE Renewables Limited, Higher Ford, Wiveliscombe, Somerset, TA4 2RL England

http://www.quberenewables.co.uk/

SMALL FARM ADUK AD & Biogas 2016

[email protected]

http://www.methanogen.co.uk/

[email protected]

http://www.methanogen.co.uk/

Photo: Courtesy of Bourne Valley Associates

Larger modern 80kWe digester: slurry from 120 cows, chicken manure from free range broilers & some added maize. Auto de-gritting.

Methanogen (UK) [email protected]

M: 07753 571371Twitter: BiogasUK

mailto:[email protected]

ADVANCED ANAEROBICS LIMITEDPowering the Future of Farming

Dr. David A. Kaner MBA (CEO)

SlurryGen-50

300 cows = 24 tonnes/day50kW electricity + 85kW heatFarmer’s IRR 13-20%

Woodhead Project

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHPOLICY SWITCH TO NEW NUCLEAR

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHPRELIMINARY ACCREDITATION

WITHDRAWN

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHQUARTERLY CAPS CREATE FiT QUEUE

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHNO EXPORT CONNECTIONS UNTIL 2022

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHDAIRY INDUSTRY IN CRISIS

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHACCELERATED FiT DEGRESSION

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHELECTRICITY PRICES UP 60% BY 2025

(DECC)

Woodhead Project

NEWSFLASHACCELERATED RHI DEGRESSION

SlurryGen-30

200 cows = 15 tonnes/day30kW electricity + 50kW heatFarmer’s IRR 13-20%

NEWSFLASHUK VOTES TO LEAVE THE EU

ADVANCED ANAEROBICS LIMITEDPowering the Future of Farming?

Dr. David A. Kaner MBA (CEO)

Trans-national project involving European Biogas Association and partners fromcountries that vary massively in terms of the deployment of AD technology

• AD plant suppliers• Welsh Government, Economic Development, Energy, Animal Health, Agriculture• Academics (Wales AD Centre of Excellence)• Farming Unions and CLA• Natural Resources Wales • SWEA

Main Conclusions

• AD has a lot to offer the dairy farmer in particular – but most of the advantages are not based upon energy generation

• AD on livestock farms has a lot to offer to GHG emission reduction ambitions

• There are very many dairy farms in Wales with herds of between 120 and 150 cows

• The current FiT and RHI incentives are pushing projects in the “wrong” direction.

The Vision

• Economies of scale with standard solutions for very similar slurry based systems

• Separation of “environmental” technology from “energy generation” in order to allow FiT/RHI eligibility

• Aggregated Power Purchase Agreement?

QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS FROM THE FLOOR

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION – ARE SECONDARY CONTAINMENT REGULATIONS APPROPRIATE FOR THE AD INDUSTRY?

JESS ALLAN, ENVIRONMENT AND REGULATION MANAGER, ADBA

DARREN LEGGE, SENIOR ADVISOR (LANDFILL ENGINEERING), THE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY

PETER STEVENS, MANAGING DIRECTOR, CQA INTERNATIONAL

DAN PURVIS, HEAD OF OPERATIONS, FUTURE BIOGAS

DAVE AUTY, BIOENERGY ENGINEERING MANAGER, CAPITA PROJEN

SECONDARY CONTAINMENT

JESS ALLANENVIRONMENT AND REGULATION MANAGER

Overview• Who’s on the panel?• What is secondary containment?• AD industry work on secondary containment• Over to the panel

Who’s on the panel?Peter Stevens, Managing Director, CQA International

Darren Legge, Senior Advisor, Environment Agency

Dan Purvis, Head of Operations, Future Biogas

Dave Auty, Bioenergy Engineering Manager, CAPITA Projen

What is secondary containment?• Considered the most important means

of preventing major incidents involving loss of inventory.

• For example, storage tanks, drums, pipework.

Primary Containment

• Minimises the consequences of a failure of the primary storage by preventing the uncontrolled spread of the inventory.

• For example, concrete or earth bunds.

Secondary Containment

• Minimises the consequences of a failure in the primary and secondary containment systems by providing an additional level of protection.

• For example, diversion tanks, lagoons, containment kerbing to roadways.

Tertiary Containment

DIGESTER

LAGOON

Primary containment

Secondary containment

Tertiary containment

BUND

Example

Industry work on secondary containmentTraining, Safety and Environment Working Group• Identified the need for specific guidance for the AD industry.• Wished to ensure that secondary containment arrangements at AD plants are

compliant, fit for purpose and proportionate to the level of risk, and help ensure consistent approach by regulators.

• Produced a risk assessment tool and accompanying guide based upon the principles in CIRIA 736.

• Visit ADBA’s website to find out more: http://adbioresources.org/.

http://adbioresources.org/

What is “appropriate” secondary containment?

CQA International Ltd

UK AD & Biogas 2016 6 - 7 July, NEC in Birmingham

Session and timingWednesday 6 July, 12.00 - 12.55

Environmental protection - How to ensure appropriate secondary containmentPresentation time: 10 Minutes (followed by Q&A with fellow panellists)

The purpose of containmentPrimary Containment

Prevents loss of material

Secondary containment

For when things go wrong

Purpose Further reduce the risk of pollution

Objective Avoid penalties, shutdowns and adverse publicity

Secondary containment is an implicit requirement

2012/10 Rules 2012/12 RulesFeedstock

Securely storedSpills contained and recovered

Impermeable (10-9m/s) surfaceSealed drainage system

Process Fit for purposeSpills contained and recovered

Impermeable surface within a bunded areaUnderground tanks shall have secondary containment

Digestate

Fit for purpose Fit for purpose

What is Fit for Purpose?Concept Well equipped or well suited for its

designated role or purpose

Design “Purpose” defined in advanceRisk-basedTechnical and economic aspectsBespoke solutions for each site

Good practice

CIRIA C736LFE guidelines, DOT specifications

Achieving compliance in containment

New projects

Containment strategies can be included in the design

Existing sites

May not have secondary containmentRetrofitting can be difficult

Design Combine procedures, natural barriers, topography and engineering

Validation

Independent certification to confirm compliance

Secondary Containment for the AD Sector – A Regulators

PerspectiveDarren LeggeSenior Advisor – Landfill and Waste Recovery TeamJuly 2016

Once you have been provided with a permit you need to refer to our guidance

We are currently reviewing our existing guidance in line with the DEFRA’s Smarter Environmental Regulation Review

Once complete this will be accessed via gov.uk

This will provide further guidance on secondary containment and will likely require the same

generic requirements

All above ground tanks containing liquids whose spillage could be harmful to the environment must be bunded.

Impermeable/resistant to stored liquids No outlets No penetration of contained surfaces Have a capacity greater than 110% of the

largest tank or 25% of the total tankage whichever is the larger

Regular inspections

What about the specifics; We are not allowed to include specific design or

construction criteria within the permit

Needs to be fit for purpose and will be strongly dependant on the sensitivity of the proposed location

We do not insist on CIRIA C736 but as it reflects current good practice, we would encourage its use

‘Other appropriate measures’

CIRIA C736 ‘Design of containment systems for the prevention of pollution : secondary, tertiary

and other measures for industrial and commercial premises’ (2014)

Is risk based and reflects current good practice for all liquids stored on a permitted site – including AD, landfill and oil and gas sectors

Has driven the need for an AD specific Industry Code of Practice

CIRIA C736 applies the source-pathway-receptor principle;

Leads to a site risk rating which results in a recommendation for the class of containment

For both class 2 and 3 containment an impermeable membrane liner is required in conjunction with suitable ground conditions

Refers to current EA guidance LFE5 ‘Using geomembranes in landfill engineering – which should be used

Things to consider;

Suitability of location Wider impacts of tank failure Appropriate design Compatibility of liner Puncture during and post construction Protection – physical and UV Gas collection Construction Quality Assurance

Key Messages;

Early discussions with the EA recommended to determine suitability of location and design

EA will continue to rely on CIRIA C736 until ICOP is produced

ICOP relies/refers heavily towards CIRIA

Insert slides here Dan Purvis

The (DRAFT) ADBA Containment ToolAD & Biogas6th July 2016

Introductions

Dave AutyBioenergy Engineering

Manager

Why does the industry need a containment tool?

• Because it’s complicated• Clear-cut for waste• Desirable for organics

• Containment failures have occurred• Value engineering and poor design• Operator errors

• AD Industry responsibility is important• To keep the ear of government• To attract investment

What is the ADBA Containment Tool?

+Your site information = advice + knowledge

http://www.adbioresources.org/

Introduction to the tool – what do you need to do?

There are 5 steps to follow:

Identify the hazard posed to the environment

Calculate the Site Hazard Rating

Assess the likelihood of a loss of primary containment

Calculate the Site Risk Rating

Identify suitable secondary containment designs

?

Introduction to the tool – another way of looking at it

Step 1 – Identify the Hazard

Three parts to this bit: The source

The feedstock The Process Chemicals on site Fire fighting

The Pathway Runoff times Topography, geology and

hydrology Local climate Local flood risk

The Receptors Watercourses and bodies Habitation SSSI/SPA/SAC etc

• Look at your site inventory and assess the risk it poses

• Use your judgement to assign High, Medium or Low hazard ratings

• The tool provides guidance and acts as a reference document

• The tool calculates the hazard rating for each part

• The Source will almost always result in a High hazard rating

• The Pathway should be mitigated to Low hazard by the secondary containment

• The Receptors will be site specific

Step 2 – Calculate the Site Hazard Rating

The tool automatically combines the three hazard ratings to provide the Site Hazard Rating

Step 3 – Assess the likelihood of a loss of primary containment

There are three steps to follow:

1. Unmitigated likelihood The tool provides a list of risks and others can be added from

HAZOPs, etc Using the guidance provided, the user decides how often the risk will

occur E.g. a human error leading to a spill is highly likely, a lightning strike is less

likely2. Mitigated likelihood

Mitigation measures can be applied E.g. concrete bollards to prevent a vehicle impact

3. Select the overall likelihood Based on the premise that the highest likelihood gives the site’s

overall likelihood

Step 4 – Calculate the Site Risk Rating

The tool automatically combines the Site Hazard Rating and the Likelihood to provide the Site Risk Rating

The tool then converts this into the corresponding class of secondary containment that is required

Step 5 – Identify Suitable Secondary Containment Designs

The tool provides relevant diagrams, text and data

• There is a need to improve this aspect of the AD industry

• Not doing so could be very expensive

• The ADBA Containment Tool can help by:

• Providing guidance in conjunction with the ADBA Containment Guide• Improving developer/operator knowledge by assessing hazards and

risks• Defining the class of containment required• Assisting with regulator approval

• As an industry, we can work together

Summary

It’s good to talk…

Contact:-Dave Auty – Bioenergy Engineering Manager

E-Mail: [email protected] Line: 01928 752 596

Mobile: 07961 560 104


DIGESTATE – DEVELOPMENTS IN END OF WASTE AND THE BENEFITS OF BIOFERTILISER FOR AGRICULTURE

CHAIR: NINA SWEET OBE, SPECIAL ADVISOR – ORGANICS, WRAP

THOMAS MINTER, DIRECTOR , MALABY BIOGAS

FIONA DONALDSON, NATIONAL OPERATIONS WASTE UNIT, SEPA

TIM EVANS, MANAGING DIRECTOR, BTS BIOGAS

SIMON BLACK, PRODUCT MANAGER, ANGLIAN WATER

Biosolids Recycling in the UK

Simon Black

Head of Recycling & Environmental Services

Anglian Water Services

Sewage Sludge Production and Outlets

UK untreated sewage sludge output

53 million tonnes/annum from

8,500 water recycling centres

Increasing amounts are treated and

recycled to agricultural land as biosolids

Considered the Best Practicable

Environmental Option - BPEO

Sewage Sludge TreatmentVarious treatment technologies used to produce biosolids

73% treated by AD with advanced AD treatments gradually replacing lime treatment and conventional AD

Energy production of c.850 GWh enough power for 200,000 homes

Potential for much more (> 2,000 GWh) but may be dependent on incentives

Recycling to Agricultural Land

AD biosolids product is mainly cake at 20

– 25% dry solids

It can be safely & securely stored in field

heaps before spreading & incorporation

3.6 million tonnes per annum biosolids (AD,

lime treated and granules) are recycled to

agricultural land

Applied to 146,000 hectares/annum

Equal to 1.3% of agricultural land

Recycling to Agricultural Land

Aligns with UK the Government recycling

strategy and the EC Circular Economy

Nutrient value to UK agriculture

£25m/annum - mainly Phosphate (4.5%)

and Nitrogen (4.0%) plus Sulphur, Potash

and Magnesium

Strong demand from farmers – it is worth

£170/hectare in nutrients alone

Anglian Water sell it as for

>£2.5m/annum - reduces customer water bills

Biosolids is a product with considerable value!

Waste prevention

Re-use

Recycle/compost

Energy recovery

Disposal

Recycling to land

Incineration with energy recovery

Landfill

Sludge management options

Waste Hierarchy

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjLgf769sDNAhUiJcAKHdzKB1QQjRwIBw&url=http://www.nutri-bio.co.uk/&psig=AFQjCNHge0mHSglaGRs1Jr_G8oGcPlSdAA&ust=1466866804980523

Benefits to Soil and the Environment

Improved soil structure

Increased water retention capability

Increased life in soil (from microbes to

earthworms)

Increased carbon sequestration

Less soil work and energy required

Increased crop yields

Reduced risk of yield loss

Maintain soil structure and nutrient composition

Reduced risk of diffuse pollution

Natural provision of nutrients

Greenhouse gas reduction

Biosolids Recycling to Agricultural land

Completes natural nutrient and

carbon cycles

Biosolids Assurance Scheme - BASWater Industry initiative to provide reassurance to the food chain and consumers

Brings together regulations and best practice into a single transparent Standard

Sets a minimum Standard – protects the environment & creates a level playing field

in advance of potential sludge market deregulation

Stakeholder input and support are essential to maintain validity and credibility

Third party audit by NSF Certification

Aspiration for UKAS Accreditation

Biosolids Assurance Scheme Objectives and Benefits

Biosolids Assurance

SchemeProvides information and promotes public

acceptance

Provides assurance to food chain stakeholders

Achieves operational consistency and

transparency

Combines legislative and non-legislative requirements, and

best practice

Ensures delivery of nutrient benefits to

agriculture

Protection of the environment - sustainability

P

Biosolids Recycling is Safe and SustainableUK Water Industry Research continuously investigates emerging issues

Risk Assessment on source materials, processes and products underpins the Standard

HACCP principals used to control treatment processes

Routine product testing for microbiological

parameters, elements and nutrients

Testing of soils for elements and nutrients

Safe Sludge Matrix (since 2001) defines

treatment standards and minimum periods

between application and harvest/grazing

BAS Certified Biosolids should be recognised as a product - not a waste

Simon Black

Head of Recycling & Environmental Services

Anglian Water Services

Fiona DonaldsonNational Operations Waste Unit

Proposals to change “end of waste” in Scotland

Food Waste Management Consultation

· 18 May to 29 June 2016· Available on the SEPA website· Applies across the whole food waste chain· Supports the duty to segregate food waste

and compliance with the duty of care· Proposed reduced limits on amounts of

physical contamination in compost/digestate output

Proposed Obligations (1)

· Obligations on· Food waste producers:

· Present only uncontaminated food waste

· Primary packaging only by agreement· Collectors:

· Refuse to uplift contaminated food waste

Proposed Obligations (2)

· Obligations on· Food waste treatment sites

· Establish pre-acceptance and acceptance criteria

· Refuse to accept non-confirming waste

· Users of compost/digestate· Check the quality of material· Apply using appropriate equipment

Revised ‘End of Waste’ Criteria

· Compost standard- PAS100· Proposed SEPA standard = 50% by 2018

· Digestate standard- PAS110· Proposed SEPA standard = 8% by 2019

· Launch new guidance October/November 2016?

www.malabybiogas.com

ADBA

6TH JULY 2016

DIGESTATE , BIOFERTILISER & LINKS TO AGRICULTURE:

AN OPERATOR’S PERSPECTIVE

BORE HILL FARM BIODIGESTER


BORE HILL FARM BIODIGESTER

• 28,000 tpa food waste

• Excellent road connections

• Operational June 2012

• High Profile: Visitor Centre, Flexible Design, WRAP support, Centre of Excellence

• PAS110 June 2016

• Innovation: In House Odour Control System, Modular Decontamination System, Biochemical Enhancement, Gas Mixing, Integrated Development


LOCATION

Food Waste26,000 tpa71,000 ttd

Biofertiliser25,000 tpa64,000 ttdPower8m kWpa25m kWtd2,300 homes


DIGESTATE QUALITY

PAS110Physical contaminantsMaceration2mm Screen

Fully digestedMacerationRecirculation

PathogensPasteurisationWeeds & seedsFungus


MAKING THE LINK TO AGRICULTURE

Digestate Supply Agreement

Supply ChainTransportation (£1.5-£3/t)Storage (£1-2/t)Spreading (£2-3/t)Knowledge & ExperienceReliabilityContingency

Nutrient PlanningSampling & AnalysisData SharingFarmer/AgronomistSpreading set up


PRODUCTIVITY & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT

Demonstrate BenefitTrialsPromoting ValueNutrientSoil HealthEnvironmentalFinancial

Small Field Trial24 days after application

Small Field TrialFull & Half Rate

Application after 1st cut silage

Large Field Trial38 days after application

Large Field Trialafter 1st cut silage

Field Applicationafter harvest


4 year operational record

High standardsVisible & accessible siteInnovating for profitDesign for change

CONCLUSION

Control of build qualityAim to be Best in ClassCollaborationLinking academia &

commercial ops.A state-of-the-art proving

ground


THANK YOU

Thomas Minter

[email protected]




http://www.malabybiogas.com/


DIGESTATE – TURNING AN OPERATING COST INTO A PROFIT

DR DAVID TOMPKINS, BIORESOURCES DEVELOPMENT MANAGER, AQUA ENVIRO

GARY JONES, TECHNICAL DIRECTOR, LANGAGE FARM

www.aquaenviro.co.uk

Processing digestate – how can the industry reduce costs and

increase upgrading?David Tompkins, Bioresources Development Manager



Material characteristics (FW)* Digestate Cattle slurry Pig slurry

Dry matter % 3 6 4

Nitrogen (total) kg/m3 4.4 2.6 3.6

Nitrogen (ammoniacal) kg/m3 4.0 1.2 2.5

Phosphate (P2O5) kg/m3 2.9 1.2 1.8

Potash (K2O) kg/m3 2.1 3.2 2.4

Magnesium (MgO) kg/m3 0.2 0.6 0.7

Sulphur (SO3) kg/m3 2.1 0.7 1.0

*Fresh weight basis. Digestate data from FW AD site; Other data from RB209


http://www.biocow.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/030-1500x430.jpg


http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/compost-calculator

Value of readily available nutrients in food-based digestate (fresh weight)

Nitrogen (N) Phosphate (P2O5)

Potash (K2O) Total

Market price of fertilisers (£/kg) 0.74 0.59 0.44

Readily available nutrient content (kg/tonne digestate) 4.00 0.25 1.60

Financial value of readily available nutrients (£/tonne digestate) 2.94 0.15 0.71 3.80


http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/A_survey_of_the_UK_Anaerobic_Digestion_industry_in_2013.pdf

Digestate markets in 2013 (fresh tonnes)


Getting the basics right?


• Certification fee £2,000

• Analytical costs £9,000

• Deployments £24,000

• Analytical costs £250

Assume• 30,000 tonnes digestate per year

• Spread at 30m3 per hectare• 40ha of each 50ha deployment used



0 10 20 30 40 50 60 700

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

Time

Met

hane

per

kg

VS a

dded


Residual biogas potential (L/g(VS))

ABCDEFGHI

Cow slurry 1Cow slurry 2Cow slurry 3Cow slurry 4Cow slurry 5

Pig slurry 1Pig slurry 2Pig slurry 3Pig slurry 4

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

www.aquaenviro.co.ukhttp://smallfarms.oregonstate.edu/sfn/f09Herbicide


One step beyond



http://www.lifemixfertilizer.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/diptico_en.pdf


http://www.iwarr2015.org/sites/default/files/262/Menkveld_final.pdf


http://ostara.com/nutrients/


Material characteristics (FW)* Digestate Cattle slurry Pig slurry

Dry matter % 3 6 4

Nitrogen (total) kg/m3 4.4 2.6 3.6

Nitrogen (ammoniacal) kg/m3 4.0 1.2 2.5

Phosphate (P2O5) kg/m3 2.9 1.2 1.8

Potash (K2O) kg/m3 2.1 3.2 2.4

Magnesium (MgO) kg/m3 0.2 0.6 0.7

Sulphur (SO3) kg/m3 2.1 0.7 1.0

*Fresh weight basis. Digestate data from FW AD site; Other data from RB209


http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/01/49/15/1491537_f18c239d.jpg


http://wessexwater.co.uk/uploadedFiles/Corporate_Site/Potential%20developments%20in%20the%20commercialisation%20of%20the%20sludge%20treatment%20and%20recycling%20market.pdf


http://www.aquaenviro.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Assessing-the-Costs-and-Benefits-for-Production-and-Beneficial-Application-of-Anaerobic-Digestate-to-Agricultural-Land-in-Wales-WRAP-Final-Report-2014.pdf


Eight scenarios (including baseline)

Digestate direct to land

Digestate de-watered

(centrifugation)

Residual liquor to ammonia stripping

and struvite precipitation

Residual liquor to biological NH3

oxidation

Digestate fibre to land

Residual liquor to sewer

Digestate liquor to sewer

Digestate liquor to land

Digestate liquor to ammonia stripping

and struvite precipitation


Most cost-effective scenario

• Centrifuge separation• Fibre to agricultural land• Liquor to biological ammonia

oxidation and then disposal to water course

Assumed• 25ktpa food waste @ 26%TS• Diluted to 10%TS with water

http://www.zeolite-anammox.com/#!what-is-zeolite-anammox/cst1


But…• Different dilution gave entirely different

outcome• De-watering cost ~£2.50 per tonne of

digestate (OPEX only)• Polymer represented ~50% of this

• Food-based digestates notoriously tricky to de-water

• Impacts of return liquors and VFAs?• Impacts of operating temperature?


Points to ponder


Questions for discussion• Are digestate costs really make or

break?• If we can’t get the basics right, what

hope for more advanced options?• Beyond nutrient recovery, is it worth it?

• None of these points seems to have changed in the past five years!


What would you want?• Safety?• Quality?• Predictability?• Value?

• Do you know who your customer is?• What about any constraints they

work within?

• Do you know what you’re competing against?

What does the customer want?



Thank you

[email protected] 331947


Langage Biogas Presentation ADBA, Turning operation costs into profit

Date: 6th July 2016

Presentation by: Gary Jones: Technical Director

Close the loop

• Operation is in Plymouth, Devon• Land is mostly grass for dairy and beef• Run a 499kw CHP• Opened in March 2011 PAS110 same year• Spreading 10,000M³ • 100% food waste.

A Brief HistoryClose

the loop

Issues

• Milk yields falling - £95k lost revenue • Poor grass production - £8k increase in

bought feedstock• Poor soil structure - compaction in the soil• Grass roots unable to cope with drought.• Made a move to AD to remedy the problem,

but had too digestate for the land available to us.

Close the loop

DigestateHow to get your product to market.

• Advertise.• You only get one shot. Product has to be good.• Invest in efficient clean up systems• Know your market, and know your product.• Be able to adjust your marketing to the market in

front of you.

Close the loop

Fertiliser - what to advertise?

• Ammonium Nitrate - Produced by Haber-Bosch process, uses large amounts of fuel in its manufacture, so directly linked to oil price.

• Phosphate - A finite mineral resource, currently mined e.g Morocco. Recycling P is key to food production security.

• Potash – Mined from salt deposits or found in plant embers, transported globally

• Sulphur - Major nutrient now lacking due to no acid rain. Very important to arable crops. Was mined now oil based production.

• Magnesium - Crushed Dolomitic limestone or Epsom salts. Deficiency in grassland cause of staggers in cows.

Close the loop

Trace elements important to plant growth

• Copper - Livestock health e.g. swayback in lambs• Manganese – deficiency common in arable crops• Zinc - Grain ear development, livestock enzyme functions• Bicarbonate - Alkali, reduces acidification by nitrates so

decreases field liming requirement.• Sodium - Improves silage palatability and can reduce risk of

grass staggers.• Boron – Deficiency causes rot in brassicas and root crops• Cobalt – For livestock Vitamin B12 production • Molybdenum – key element for rhizobia, the N fixing bacteria in

legumes

Close the loop

Markets driven by nutrient Value £.• Ammonium Nitrate £220/t at 34.5 % = 64p per kg• Phosphate (TSP) £300/t at 46%= 65p per kg• Potash (MoP) £265 at 60% = 44p per kg• Sulphur = 36p per kg (Kieserite)• Magnesium = 36p per kg (Kieserite)• Trace elements ?• Langage AD digestate is worth £4.92 /t in NPK alone• Total nutrient £5.29• Last year £7.20.

Markets and market restrictions.

Agricultural market is the only option open at the moment ?Domestic market forming pellets and nutrient rich pots, rich in P,K S and trace elements. Quality guarantee is PAS110 good enough.Organic market perfectly suited for this material - Provides valuable nutrient source, increases yields and will reduce market place costs of organic productsEasiest outlet is to grassland. NVZ and soil indices' give limitations.Crops such as maize need to spread after germination as N is an inhibiting factor in plant germination and early development. Better done for winter crop.

Close the loop

Bottom, line anecdotal evidence is best

Sometimes all the facts and figures generated aren't enough for farmers to take on the change. We had a £145k bill the first year of operation, next year £80k then £35 and 2015 profit £8k 2016 5k to date.Our farmer outlets are asking for it to a point where demand has outstripped supply.We have farms who have been farming with traditional methods and using prill for years have had to build additional clamps to hold their increase in yield. So yes it works.

Close the loop

Any Questions

Close the loop


ODOUR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL

CHAIR: PAUL KILLOUGHERY, DIRECTOR, BIO COLLECTORS

MARTIN CHRISTMAS, GENERAL MANAGER, SALVTECH

ANDREW LYON, ENVIRONMENT AND BUSINESS ADVISOR, ENVIRONMENT AGENCY

Odour Management and ControlUnderstanding the problem

The Odour Mechanism

Basic information you need to understand the problem

• Odour source(s)

• Receptor(s)

• Strength of Smell • measured in Odour units per cubic metre

• Type of smell• measured using the Hedonic Tone scale

• Distance• i.e. how much will the smell disperse

• Sensitivity• how sensitive is the receptor?• The normal assumption is “extremely”

Extracted air Abatement

determines odour reduction rate

Air drawn into buildings by extraction system

Odour concentration in OUE/m3 in building

Odour emission rate determines OUE/s/m2 into system

Waste surface area = emitting area in m2

Uncontrolled emission to air(fugitive emissions)

Odour concentration

at stack

Controlled emission

The Odour Mechanism

Model complications

• Strength of Smell changes• With agitation• With maturation• By mixing and treating

• Type of smell changes• with maturation (compounds

alter e.g. limonene)• With concentration

(perception of the smell e.g. strong perfume)

the stages in between the upper and lower hedonic odour tone scale values.

Table 2. Hedonic Scales (VDI3882 and H4)

Score VDI3882 Definition Hedonic Odour Tone DEFRA Definition Perceived Hedonic Tone

+4 Extremely pleasant Very pleasant +3 Pleasant +2 Moderately pleasant +1 Mildly pleasant 0 Neither pleasant nor unpleasant Neutral odour / no odour -1 Mildly unpleasant -2 Moderately unpleasant -3 Unpleasant -4 Extremely unpleasant Very unpleasant

Making a model

m2

Area

Area A 906Area B1 453Area B2 469Area C1 337Area C2 531Area D 829Area E1 373Area E2 628

Examples of data collection

Stockpile reference (refer to Figure 3)

Type Derived Surface Area (m2)

Measured Odour concentrationouEm-3

Derived Emission rate ouEs-1m-2

Derived Odour emissionsouEs-1

ST1 Recovered over size mixed waste 74 861 8.4 626ST2 Segregated 40 mm fines 72 1880 18.4 1325ST3 Recovered over size mixed waste 37 861 8.4 314ST4 Segregated glass 134 1880 18.4 2473ST5 Segregated 10 mm fines 134 1020 10 1335ST6 Segregated 10 mm fines 42 1020 10 417ST7 Segregated 15 mm fines 42 10205 10 417ST8 Recovered over size mixed waste 42 861 8.4 352SRF Secondary Recovered Fuel 669 645 6.3 4218F1 Organic Growth Medium (reject) 92 1330 13 1192F2 Mixed waste feed stock 158 2900 28.4 4476Metal Skip Segregated Aluminium 16 861 6.3 104MS1 Segregated metal 6 645 6.3 38MS2 Segregated metal 6 6457 6.3 38MS3 Segregated metal 6 6457 6.3 38

Examples of model outputs

Compare results to H4 guidance using odour concentration and hedonic tone at the receptors

Design odour systems to reduce impact at the nearest receptors

06:0008:00

10:0012:00

14:0016:00

18:0020:00

22:0000:00

02:0004:00

06:000

5001000150020002500300035004000

Simulated typical current day values(worst case number used) Air change 1

(door wind speed 0.8m/s) - ouE/Nm3

Air change 2 door wind speed 0.5m/s) - ouE/Nm3

Air change 3 door wind speed 0.3 m/s- ouE/Nm3

Thank-You for your attention

Contact:

Martin Christmas General Manager | Salvtech Ltd | 07789 583602 Salvtech LtdUnit 12 - Engineer ParkBabbage RoadSandycroftFlintshireNorth WalesCH5 2QD

Tel: 01244 638900

Odour management and control Name: Andrew LyonJob title: Environment & Business Technical Advisor Date ADBA – 06 July 2016

Odour surrounds us, it is part of daily lifePleasant / unpleasantCan be offensive, may cause annoyanceOften seen as an indication of something more dangerous

Many reasons why we perceive odours differentlyPersonal experience and circumstances Adaptation

Understanding why odour is subjective is essential to help you deal with odour issues

Odour causes an emotional response

Is odour a problem?

The Agency’s National Incidents Recording System (NIRS) records all reports receivedA primary classification code for amenity issues was added in October 2013Data from 31 October 2013 – 31 October 2015:

33,621 reports of odour pollution10,183 reports of noise pollution3,504 reports of dust pollution2,182 reports of flies

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

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10

20

30

40

50

60

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90

100

Odour Impact by Sector31/10/13 – 31/10/15

Total Odour Reports

Sites

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2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

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10

20

30

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100Odour Impact Distances by Sector90% of Reports Within (m)75% of Reports Within (m)50% of Reports Within (m)25% of Reports Within (m)Total Odour ReportsSites

Met

res

/ Tot

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orts

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Understanding risks

Always consider the risk of odour pollution:Site location – proximity to receptorsWaste types received – odour potential of old and/or putrescible wastesOdorous materials produced during the processIs the site using established practices or novel techniques?

risks

mitigation

Main sources of odour emissions

Reception buildingBuffer storageDigestate separation buildingDigestate storage (tanks or lagoons)BiofiltersDigester(s)Gas storage

Systematic approach to odour control

1. Eliminate / reduce at source

2. Containment / housekeeping (good practice)

3. Extraction and abatement (end-of-pipe)

Management is keyUnderstanding feedstocksMinimising double handlingMinimising quantitiesMinimising storage timesHousekeeping – deep cleansStaff training / competenceProcess monitoringRecording and using this information

Containment of odour emissionsMust be appropriately designed

Local extraction; building extraction; building integrity

Volume of odorous emissions – air changes per hour?Experience shows building containment doesn’t work

Extraction maintained when doors are open?

Abatement techniquesThere’s no single solution for all scenarios

If it sounds too good to be true it probably is

Must be matched to air streamHow can you treat the air if you don’t know what’s in it?

Does it work under the full range of operating conditions?Is it monitored and maintained

i.e. how do you know it’s working?

If the process changes will it still be fit for purpose?


Date post:	26-Jan-2017
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