Ultimate ENUM

8/8/2019 Ultimate ENUM

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ENUM & E.164Syndicate No 5

Presented By

Harshita Yadav 0802054018

Amrti Kulshreshta 08020541004Nikhilesh Tiwari 08020541033

Samridhi Singla 08020541126

Ronak Shah 08020541043

Kartkeya Pandey 08020541128

Ravindra Rathod 08020541048



The DNS

The same service that directs emails andweb browsers to the correct destination.

This same service is the basis of ENUM

The DNS is a distributed associationdatabase that allows a query string to be

associated with a response, using thepreferences of the entity being queried todetermine the response



Why use DNS?

It already works.

It's global.

It's scales. It's fast.

It's open.



E164.arpa has been proposed as the DNS domain for use withenum.

The telephone no. is reversed because DNS reads addresses

from right to left, from the highest level to the lowest level. In thiscase, a DNS lookup would start at the .arpa domain, and itwould continue with .e164.

Under e164 it would look for the ³1´ as the country code

(for example).

It would then look up each succeeding digit in the telephonenumber until the address is fully resolved.

E.164 DNS DOMAIN NAME.



DNS COMPATIBILITY.

The DNS database structure is logicallyconstructed as a tree, with branches thatextend from a center point called the root.

The various domains, such as .com, .int,and so on.

One of these branches is .ARPA (from the

Advanced Research Project Agency, theU.S. Government agency that fundedmuch of the early Internet development),and under .ARPA is a branch designed for

E.164-compatible numbers, designated



Why e164.arpa ?

DNS Resolvers can only search a single treebranch of the DNS

.ARPA

root

.e164

4.4. (UK)

.JP.INT

6.4. (SE)

.UK

1.4. (CH)

3.2.4.5.3.4.5. 2.2.

3.3. (FR)

.COM

.CO .IT

U



Varieties of ENUM



Varieties of ENUM

Public

Original version of ENUM

This is also referred to as User ENUM

Private

VOIP operators may use this technique withtheir own network

Carrier

carrier themselves control subscriber information

This is also referred to as Infrastructure ENUM



e.164.arpa Domain

e164.arpa is a second level domain that was designated specificallyfor providing ENUM service.

The Internet Architecture Board (I AB) is responsible for thee164.arpa domain.

± The I AB has outsourced the registry operations to an organizationcalled RIPE, i.e., RIPE runs the ³technical operations´ for the domain

Telephone number country codes will be delegated from this domain ± For example, country code +1 will become the domain 1.e164.arpa ± Since it is the ITU that administers country codes, they have a role in

the delegation process



Public ENUM

Public ENUM is generally defined as the administrative policies andprocedures surrounding the use of the e164.arpa domain for TN toURI resolution. ± Policy for branches of the tree are Nation State issues as Directed by

I AB-ITU agreements

± All records are visible on theInternet

Global Government policy has been to encourage consumer OPT-IN. Which is generally assumed to be the number holder asopposed to the carrier of record is the only entity permitted to createrecords in e164.arpa.

How will you register your Phone Number? ± Nation State Issue.Registration Model much like Domain Names« ± Registrars be also be Service Provider or Telecom Equipment Vendor

or Independent ³Registrar



Private ENUM

Private ENUM is generally regarded as one or moretechnologies (DNS ± SIP Redirect- LDAP? ) that permitone or more entities to exchange phone number to URI data. Usually in a private secure manner .

Use of any mutually agreed upon domain ± Could be one or more service providers ± Could be one or more enterprises ±

PBX to PBX inter or intra domain

± Could be private dialing plans

Principally used by wireless carriers to enable MMSrouting

Could be used by IP network elements to retrieve LNPdata



Limits of ENUM

DNS is very different than the PSTN¶s intelligent networkinfrastructure:

± Anyone can query the DNS; Vulnerable to privacy abuses; users can ³mine´ the DNS acquiring all

available records

± Every query to the DNS gets the same answer; noauthentication or authorization of query originator

± For the most part the DNS is not secure; digitalsignatures and encryption has not been widelydeployed



Alternatives to ENUM

Private ENUM is a service that utilizes ENUM technology but in adomain other than e164.arpa

Private ENUM typically creates a closed user group in a restricteddomain to avoid many of the limitations of public ENUM (i.e., ENUM

in the e164.arpa domain)

Recently there is an effort to address the specific needs of telecomcarriers within public ENUM. This effort is called carrier ENUM.

Examples of private ENUM deployments: ± The wireless standards organization 3GPP has recommended private ENUM for

interoperability between home and roaming networks ± US wireless carriers use private ENUM to enable intercarrier routing of MMS

messages (MMS routing requires end-to-end IP connectivity



Some Enum Services

Web

The web ENUM service is used to map phonenumbers to webpage addresses such as

URLs ±Subtypes: http, https Example: ±NAPTR 100 3 "u"

"E2U+web:http" "!^.*$!http://www.switch.ch/!".

This ENUM service can be used to providelinks to various kinds of information, such asHTML, audio, video or executable code.



Enum Services Contd«

SIP - Session Initiation Protocol SIP is used to set up multimedia sessions, such as IP

Telephony calls, video conferences, chat Example ±NAPTR 100 1 "u" "E2U+sip"

"!^.*$!sip:[email protected]!" . ENUM and SIP is used to interconnect the PSTN with SIP

based Internet Telephony. Also SIP Telephones withnumeric keypads benefit from ENUM.

Email The email ENUM service is used to map telephone numbers

into email addresses ± Subtype: mailto Example: ± NAPTR 100 4 "u" "E2U+email:mailto"

"!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!" . Consider you only have thetelephone number of someone but want to write him an email.With ENUM it is possible to find the email address.




vCard "vCard" is a transport independent data format for the exchange of information about an

individual. It is used e.g. for exchanging address book information from/to mobile phones. ±Subtypes: Plain, RDF, XML, Sink

Example ±NAPTR 100 10 "u" "E2U+vcard:plain´´!^.*$!http://enum.at/vcard-67.vcf!´ Knowing just the phone number this service can be used to fetch all the other information

belonging to that number. A business card needs to contain only the phone number, the rest can be fetched (and kept

up-to-date) by means of ENUM. SMS / MMS / EMS The ENUM Services sms/mms/ems provides the possibility to receive SMS/MMS/EMS either

on your phone or as an e-mail ±Subtypes: tel, mailto Examples ±NAPTR 100 4 "u" "E2U+mms:mailto" "!^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!" .

±NAPTR 100 5 "u" "E2U+sms:tel" "!^.*$!tel:+41771234567!" . ENUM is one of the standardized variants for finding the target for an MMS. This is

particularly useful, if the subscriber can not receive MMS on his default device, but has analternative available.




Fax The email ENUM service is used to map telephone numbers into fax

numbers ±Subtype: tel Example ±NAPTR 100 5 "u" "E2U+fax:tel" "!^.*$!tel:+41441234567!" . The Fax ENUM Service gives you the possibility to send a fax to

someone from whom you only know the phone number. Presence / Instant Messaging The pres/im ENUM Services are used to advertise presence / instant

messaging information associated with a phone number. Example ±NAPTR 100 10 "u" "E2U+pres"

"!^.*$!pres:[email protected]!"

For presence/IM Service on the mobile phone this can be used to findthe presence/IM Identifier of your buddy knowing only his number.




H323 H323 defines a way to set upmultimedia communication services; it hasbeen mainly used for videoconferencing. Example ±NAPTR 100 3 "u" "E2U+h323""!^.*$!h323:[email protected]!" . AsH.323 lacks features for global addressresolution; ENUM is a natural way tointerconnect H.323 islands.

ft (File Transfer) ical (Calendar) ifax (Facsimile Using Internet Mail) vpim (Voice Profile for Internet Mail)

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