Ultra Wideband IEEE 802.15.4a
System Simulation
Mohammad Alkhodary 200806080Ali Assaihati 200350130
Supervised by: Dr. Samir Alghadhban
EE 578 Simulation Communication SystemsCase Study (101) Final Phase
KFUPMU l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n 1/39
Introduction UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity Data transmissionUWB FCC Emission MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramGeneral UWB Transmitter and ReceiverSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake ReceiverBER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Outlines
2/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Technology Introduction
3/39
FrequencyModulation 2.4
GHz
Narrowband Communication
0 1 0 1
Time-domain behavior Frequency-domain behavior
ImpulseModulation
3 10 GHzfrequency
Ultra wideband Communication
time
1 0 1
(FCC Min=1500Mhz)
•Extremely short pulses, no frequency carrier
Outlines Introduction UWB Features
Spatial and Spectral Capacity Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Technology Introduction
4/39
UWB-generic term describing radio systems having very large bandwidthAny signal
fractional bandwidth Bf , > 20% of its center frequency
fH is upper 10dB and fL is the lower 10dB cutoff frequencies of the signal spectrum
RF bandwidth > 0.5 GHz
20.02
LH
LHf ff
ffB
Outlines Introduction UWB Features
Spatial and Spectral Capacity Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
Compared to narrowband RF and spread spectrum, UWB uses extremely wide bandwidth, if the emission power is not well controlled, UWB devices might cause interference with other existing systems.
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Frequency Allocation
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1.6 1.9 2.4
Bluetooth,802.11b WLANCordless PhonesMicrowave Ovens
PCS
5
802.11a WLANCordless Phones
-41 dBm/Mhz“FCC Part 15 Limit”
Frequency (Ghz)
EmittedSignalPower
10.63.1Note: not to scale
UWB Spectrum
U-N
II ba
nd
ISM
ban
d
GPS
Outlines Introduction UWB Features
Spatial and Spectral Capacity Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
High data rate capability for communicationsMultipath immunityLow power consumptionPenetration characteristics
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Unique Features
6/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Spatial and Spectral Capacity
7/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Data transmission
8/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Indoor FCC Emissiona Mask
9/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Outdoor FCC Emissiona Mask
10/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Gaussian derivatives and PSD
11/39
Gaussian derivative provide excellent radiation propertiesAs the order of the derivative increases, the energy is
moving to higher frequenciesHigher order Gaussian derivative do not need frequency
shift to fit the FCC mask, but not in a power efficient manner
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Modulation Methods
12/39
Time based techniques
Pulse Position
Shape-based Techniques
Bi-Phase On-Off Keying Pulse Amplitude General Pulse Shape e.g. OPM
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Modulation Methods
13/39
Pulse position modulation (PPM) where each pulse is delayed or sent in advance of a regular time scale.
Bi-phase modulation create a pulse with opposite phase.
Orthogonal Pulse Modulation, which requires special pulse shapes to be generated that are orthogonal to each other.
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Comparison of PPM vs. BPM
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Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB System Model Block Diagram
15/39
Binary Stream Modulation Pulse
generatorFading
Channel
Detector Demodulator Remapping Binary Stream
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
General UWB Transmitter
16/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
General UWB Receiver
17/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
18/39
-10 -5 0 5 100
0.5
1Gaussian
Time in nanoseconds
ampl
itude
(lin
ear)
0 1 2 3 4-400
-200
0
200Frequency of Pulse
Frequency in GHz
Spe
ctru
m (d
B)
-10 -5 0 5 10-2
-1
0
1
21st derviative of Gaussian
Time in nanoseconds
ampl
itude
(lin
ear)
0 1 2 3 4-2000
-1000
0
1000Frequency of Pulse
Frequency in GHz
Spe
ctru
m (d
B)
-10 -5 0 5 10-0.5
0
0.5
12nd derviative of Gaussian
Time in nanoseconds
ampl
itude
(lin
ear)
0 1 2 3 4-400
-200
0
200Frequency of Pulse
Frequency in GHz
Spe
ctru
m (d
B)
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
19/39
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Indoor LOS UWB signal
Time (nano Second)
Mag
nitu
de
Transmitted PulseReceived Pulse
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
20/39
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Indoor NLOS UWB signal
Time (nano Second)
Mag
nitu
de
Transmitted PulseReceived Pulse
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
21/39
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 1010
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Indoor UWB spectrum after the antennaWith 1st Gaussian Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation ResultReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
22/39
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 1010
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Indoor UWB spectrum after the antennaWith 1st Gaussian Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
23/39
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 1010
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Indoor UWB spectrum bafor the antennaWith 2nd Gaussian Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
24/39
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
x 1010
-400
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Indoor UWB spectrum after the antennaWith 2nd Gaussian Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
25/39
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 1010
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
Indoor UWB spectrum bafor the antennaWith 1st Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
26/39
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
x 1010
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
Indoor UWB spectrum after the antennaWith 1st Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
27/39
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
x 1010
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
Indoor UWB spectrum bafor the antennaWith 2nd Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Simulation Result
28/39
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
x 1010
-90
-85
-80
-75
-70
-65
-60
-55
-50
-45
-40
Indoor UWB spectrum after the antennaWith 2nd Derivitive
Frequency
Pow
er (d
B)
Transmitter SpectrumFCC Mask
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Selective Rake Receiver
29/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
Channel Estimation
𝑦 (𝑡 )=∑1
𝑛
𝛽𝑛∫−∞
∞
𝑟 (𝑡−𝜏𝑛)𝑑𝑡
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
UWB Rake Receiver
30/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
0 5 10 15 20 25 3010
-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
SNR (dB)
BE
RPerformance of Rake receiver of UWB
LOS Rake 8 fingersLOS Rake 4 fingersLOS Rake 2 fingersNLOS Rake 8 fingersNLOS Rake 4 fingersNLOS Rake 2 fingers
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
BER vs. Number of Rake fingers ”Raffaello Tesi”
31/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Narrow band Interference
32/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
𝑖 (𝑡 )=√2𝑃 cos (𝜔0 𝑡+𝜃 ) ∑𝑘=−∞
∞
𝑔𝑘𝑧 (𝑡−𝑘𝑇 −𝜏 )
Average transmitted Power random phase carrier frequency randomly Symbol period
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Narrow band Interference
33/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 510
-2
10-1
100
Signal to interference ratio (dB)
BE
RPerformance of Rake receiver
in Presence of Narrow Interference
LOS Rake 8 fingers
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Time Hopping Multiple Access
34/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
Methodology Divide the time slot (determine the bit rate ) into the number of users Assign each division by a random number from a time-hopping matrix known by the transmitter and the receiver. Send the data of 100 slots Reassign the divisions numbers
AdvantageLess ComplexityDoes not interfere with other UWB devices
Disadvantage Tradeoff between number of users, data rate and the performance.Low efficiency when the user is idle
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Example TDMA
35/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
time (nsec)
Nor
mili
sed
Am
litud
eTime Division Multiple AccessReceived LOS Signal (3-Uses)
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Time Division Multiple Access
36/39
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
0 5 10 15 20 25 3010
-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
SNR
BE
RPerformence of TDMA in UWB
Indoor residential LOS
2-Users3-Users9-Users
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
Conclusion and Future work
37/39
The most significant issue of UWB is sensitivity and complexity of receiver
We can use Compressive sensing in order to reduce the number of ADC in the receiver. “UWB CS channel Estimation by Jose L. Paredes”
In case of presence of Narrowband interference, a proposed technique called Selective RAKE-minimum mean square error by: Susmita Das and Bikramaditya Das, In order to reduce the simulation time, a semi-analytich technique is proposed by : Usman Riaz, “Performance Analysis of Ultra-Wide Band Impulse Radio”;
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
U l t ra W i d e b a n d Sy s te m S i m u l a ti o n
References
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Andreas F. Molisch, Kannan Balakrishnan, Chia-Chin Chong, “IEEE 802.15.4a channel model - final report. Alexander M. Haimovich, Jason A. Dabin, “THE EFFECTS OF ANTENNA DIRECTIVITY ON PATH LOSS AND MULTIPATH PROPAGATION IN UWB INDOOR WIRELESS CHANNELS” IEEE signal process journal Jose L. Paredes, Gonzalo R. Arce, “Ultra-Wideband Channel Estimation” , IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOL. 1, NO. 3, OCTOBER 2007DAS, BIKRAMADITYA,” Narrowband Interference reduction technique in Impulse Radio (IR) UWB WPAN Communication System coexisting in WPAN Environment”. Liuqing Yang, “Ultra-Wideband Communication an Idea whose Time has to come”. Raffaello Tesi, “IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF FINGERS OF A SELECTIVE RAKE RECEIVER FOR UWB SYSTEMS IN MODIFIED SALEH-VALENZUELA CHANNEL”
Outlines Introduction
UWB FeaturesSpatial and Spectral Capacity
Data transmission
UWB FCC `MaskModulation MethodsUWB System Model Block DiagramSimulation of Pulse and spectrum Rake Receiver
BER vs. # of Rake fingers Narrow band Interference TDMAConclusion and Future workReferences
Thank You
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