Validation of Suitable index map using a GIS Approach; an example from a Case Study in

Selangor, Malaysia

Umi Raihana A. R. & Sharifah Norkhadijah S.I. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health,

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia

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OBJECTIVE

• To validate the site suitability index map to improve the accuracies

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INTRODUCTION

• Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become one of the global concerns in developing countries such as Malaysia

• Urbanisation and economic development lead to large waste produced

• Landfilling is the main waste disposal method utilised in the country

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• Selangor has a total of 20 landfills of which 13 are closed and 7 still operating

• Most are Level 0 (open dumping) or Level 1 (non-sanitary)

• Most of the landfills in Selangor are built and operated without proper monitoring facilities and pollution controls

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• Landfills being built near to residential area • Sharifah Norkhadijah (2011) has suggested

areas that suitable for landfill development – GIS and MCDA

• How accurate of this map?

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Study area: Selangor

Figure 1: The population of the urban areas in 2010 of Selangor (Source: Department of Statistic Malaysia, 2010).

• Selangor has a total area of 8,104 km2 with 5.4 million inhabitants in 2010. • This is approximately 20% of Malaysia’s total population

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Method used to produce suitability index map

Figure 2: The summary of overall procedure applied 7

Figure 3: The mean suitability index and standard deviation 8

Table 1: The land use of the candidate sites

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Map validation

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Map validation• Visual assessment of the map with the interpolated

water quality data. – Determine the differences between maps – Whether it were consistent with the physical

characteristic

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Figure 4: River water stations from DOE 12

Figure 6: The interpolation of BOD in the whole Selangor with

IDW

Figure 5: The interpolation of COD with IDW 13

Figure 8: The interpolation of TSS in the whole Selangor with IDW

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Figure 7: The interpolation of Coliform in the whole Selangor with

IDW

Figure 10: The interpolation of E. coli with IDW

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Figure 9: The interpolation of Cl with IDW

Figure 11: PO4 and NH3NL level in Selangor 16

MAP VALIDATION

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Overlay the maps

Figure 12: The overlay process of the map 17

The output….

Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 18

Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 19

Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 20

Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map 21

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Figure 13: The comparison of water quality parameter to the suitability index map

Table 3: The summary of candidate sites determined with high concentration of water quality parameters on the overlay map.

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CONCLUSIONS • Suitability index map in Sharifah Norkhadijah

(2011) is not consistent with the water quality parameters analysed in this study.

• Areas designated as high suitability was reported with high level of contaminants – locate landfill on these areas will worsen the environment

• Except for C8, C10, C11 & C12.

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Thank you

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