UN Human Rights Protection System

8/13/2019 UN Human Rights Protection System

1/32

UN Human Rights

Protection System

International Human Rights Law I

Ateneo Law School


2/32

UN CHARTER-BASERI!HTS


3/32

UN CHARTERARTICLE 1(3)

The Purposes o the Un!te" Nat!ons are#

3$ To ach!e%e !nternat!onal cooperat!on !n $$$$

pro&ot!n' an" encoura'!n' respect or

Hu&an R!'hts an" or un"a&ental ree"o&sor all w!thout "!st!nct!on as to race se

lan'ua'e or rel!'!on$*

Call for Respect, Realization and Observance of Human Rights

Non-Discrimination


4/32

Human Rights were recognized as internationalas opposed to mere domestic concern.

UN authority to define/codify Human Rights.

Clarified scope of Member States obligation to

promote and protect human rights.

UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C '()*

+"he ,urposes of the United Nations are-

). "o achiee international cooperation in ....promoting and encouraging respect forHuman Rights and for fundamental freedomsfor all without distinction as to race se0language or religion.1


5/32

UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C 22

+"he United Nations shall promote-

Uniersal respect for and obserance ofhuman rights and fundamental freedomsfor all without distinction as to race se0language or religion.1

UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C 23

+!ll members pledge themseles to ta4e5oint and separate action for theachieement of the purposes set forth

in !rticle 22.1


6/32

UN CHARTER-BASE

"#NIT#RIN! "ECHANIS"S


7/32

"onitoring $y Political Bo%ies

+ UN ,eneral Asse&-l.+ UN Hu&an R!'hts Counc!l

+ UN Secur!t. Counc!l


8/32

re%!ew o the hu&anr!'hts recor"s o all 1/0

UN e&-er States once

e%er. our .ears$

HU"AN RI!HTS C#UNCIL

&' UNI(ERSALPERI#IC RE(IE)

*UPR+

!s an !nter2'o%ern&ental -o". &a"e up o 4 States

respons!-le or stren'then!n' the pro&ot!on an"protect!on o hu&an r!'hts$ The Counc!l was create"

-. the UN ,eneral Asse&-l.on 15 arch 0667 w!th

the &a!n purpose o a""ress!n' s!tuat!ons o hu&an

r!'hts %!olat!ons an" &a8e reco&&en"at!ons on

the&$
http://www.un.org/ga/http://www.un.org/ga/


9/32

A"%!sor. Co&&!ttee ser%es as the Counc!l9s th!n8

tan8* pro%!"!n' !t w!th epert!se an" a"%!ce on the&at!c

hu&an r!'hts !ssues an" the re%!se"Co&pla!nts Proce"ure&echan!s& wh!ch allows

!n"!%!"uals an" or'an!:at!ons to -r!n' co&pla!nts a-out

hu&an r!'hts %!olat!ons to the attent!on o the Counc!l$

Two "!st!nct wor8!n' 'roups 2 the )or,ing !rou

on Communications *)!C+ an" the )or,ing

!rou on Situations *)!S+ 2 are esta-l!she" w!th

the &an"ate to ea&!ne the co&&un!cat!ons an"to -r!n' to the attent!on o the Counc!l cons!stent

patterns o 'ross an" rel!a-l. atteste" %!olat!ons o

hu&an r!'hts an" un"a&ental ree"o&s$
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/advisorycommittee.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/advisorycommittee.htm


10/32

International Protection o. Human Rights

INTER-!#(ERN"ENTAL #R!ANI/ATI#N

UNI(ERSAL RE!I#NAL

UN

CHARTER C#N(ENTI#NS

!ENERAL

ASSE"BL0

HU"AN

RI!HTSC#UNCIL

ICCPR

ICESCR

CER

CEA)

CAT

CRC

")C

CRP

#AU C#E #AS

A1RICAN

CHARTER

#N HU"ANAN

PE#PLES2

RI!HTS

A1RICAN

C#""ISSI#N

#N H3PR

*Ban4ul5 !am$ia+

A1RICAN

C#URT

#N H3PR

*Arusha5

Tan6ania+

EUR#PEAN

C#N(ENTI#N#N HU"AN

RI!HTS

EUR#PEAN

C#URT #1

HU"AN

RI!HTS

*Stras$ourg5

1rance+

INTER-A"ERICAN

C#N(ENTI#N #1

HU"AN RI!HTS

INTER-A"ERICAN

C#""ISSI#N #1

HU"AN RI!HTS*)ashington5 'C'+

INTER-A"ERICAN

C#URT #1 HU"AN

RI!HTS *San 7os85

Costa Rica+

UHR


11/32

1//3# ASEAN ore!'n &!n!stersagreed that ASEAN should

also consider the establishment of an appropriate regional

mechanism on human rights !n support o the ;!enna

# ASEAN Charter Art!cle 1# ASEAN hu&an r!'hts -o". Art!cle 17# Ent!t!es Assoc!ate" w!th ASEAN 6 Reco'n!:e"

as ?ther Sta8ehol"ers*

066/# ASEAN Pol!t!cal2Secur!t. an" Soc!o2Cultural Co&&un!t.

@luepr!nts an" T?Rs o the ASEAN Inter'o%ern&ental

Co&&!ss!on on Hu&an R!'hts (AICHR) an" ASEAN

Co&&!ss!on on o&en an" Ch!l"ren (ACC T?R 0616)


12/32

AICHR2s T#R

Purose#To pro&ote B protect hu&an r!'htsan" un"a&ental ree"o&s

Princiles9Torespect nat!onal so%ere!'nt.non2!ntererence an" consensus

1unctioning9Consultat!%e Inter2'o%ern&ental@o".

Comosition9 16 representat!%es o ASEAN &e&-er state Three .ears ter& an" &a. -e re2appo!nte" or

onl. one &ore ter&$


13/32

Stan%ar%-Setting Instruments

1ramewor, .or "onitoring

State Comliance- "ocu&entat!on an" "ata

'ather!n'- throu'h report!n'

(State an" N,?)

In%icators

Law reor&

State Pol!c!es

State Pro'ra&s

I&ple&entat!on (Pol!t!cal !ll)

Nat!onal Hu&an R!'hts S!tuat!on

Internat!onal!:e" HRs

Co"!!cat!on o HRs

on!tor!n' &echan!s&s

0 -roa" cate'or!es#

c!%!l B pol!t!cal r!'hts

an" econo&!c soc!al

an" cultural r!'hts

ICCPR1st ?P(1/47) 0n" ?P

(1//1)

ICESCR(1/47) #PIn"$

Co&&$ Proc$

(


14/32

TREAT0-BASE RI!HTS

?CI(IL AN P#LITICAL RI!HTS?EC#N#"IC 5 S#CIAL AN CULTURAL RI!HTS

?RI!HTS A!AINST T#RTURE AN CRUEL AN

INHU"ANE TREAT"ENT AN PUNISH"ENT?RI!HT A!AINST RACIAL ISCRI"INATI#N

?RI!HTS #1 )#"EN

?RI!HTS #1 CHILREN?RI!HTS #1 "I!RANT )#R@ERS

?RI!HTS #1 PERS#NS )ITH ISABILITIES


15/32

7hat are the e0isting mechanisms

and procedures under the ariousHuman Rights treaties8

TREAT0-BASE

"#NIT#RIN! "ECHANIS"S


16/32

"reaties may proide for all or a combination ofthe following human rights mechanisms indealing with human rights iolations-

- #0amination of Country Reports (all treaties*

- %nter$state complaints (%CC,R C#R9 C!"

and M7C* :C#9!7interpretation/application;

- %n


17/32

I"P#RTANT PRINCIPLES IN

HU"AN RI!HTS TREATIES

&' STATE #BLI!ATI#N

' N#N-ISCRI"INATI#N

' E11ECTI(E RE"E0


18/32

I' STATE #BLI!ATI#N


19/32

9erogations during statesof emergency-

C!%!l an" pol!t!cal r!'hts &a. -e

"ero'ate" ro& "ur!n' a state o

e&er'enc.$


20/32

Criteria for lawful derogation

temporary derogations only= e0ceptional threat to the life of the

nation must e0ist= official proclamation of a state of

emergency must be made= notification to other states and/or

releant treaty$monitoring body=


21/32

Criteria for lawful derogation cont

reasonable proportionality betweenmeans employed and end to berealized must e0ist=

other obligations underinternational law remainapplicable=

measures ta4en to derogate mustnot be discriminatory.


22/32

THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS ARENON-DEROGABLE:

the right to life= freedom from torture=

freedom from slaery= freedom frompost facto legislation

and other 5udicial guarantees=

right to recognition before the law= freedom of thought conscience and

religion.


23/32

+ 0 0 0 the Committee beliees that the term>discrimination? as used in the Coenantshould be understood to imply any distinctione0clusion restriction or preference which is

based on any ground such as race colour se0language religion political or other opinionnational or social origin property birth or otherstatus and which has the purpose or effect of

nullifying or impairing the recognitionen5oyment or e0ercise by all persons on ane


24/32

#


25/32

"hose who are disadantaged hae to catch upin order to achiee real e


26/32

Non$9iscrimination is articulated in the#


27/32

III. EFFECTI(E REMED)


28/32

The Co&&!ttee cons!"ers that the 8!ll!n' o theauthors9 son on -oar" a sh!p o the State

part.9s Na%. warrante" a spee". !n"epen"ent

!n%est!'at!on on the poss!-le !n%ol%e&ent othe Na%. !n the cr!&e$ The Co&&!ttee recalls

that the "epr!%at!on o l!e -. the author!t!es o

the State !s a &atter o ut&ost 'ra%!t. an" that

the author!t!es ha%e the "ut. to !n%est!'ate !n

'oo" a!th all alle'at!ons o %!olat!ons o the

Co%enant &a"e a'a!nst !t an" !ts author!t!es$

Fel!pe an" E%el.n PestaGo %$ The Ph!l!pp!nes

CCPRC/>


29/32

To s!&pl. state that there was no "!rect

part!c!pat!on o the State part. !n the %!olat!on

o the %!ct!&9s r!'ht to l!e alls short o ul!ll!n'such pos!t!%e o-l!'at!on un"er the Co%enant$

h!le close to15 .ears elapse" s!nce the

"eath o the %!ct!& the authors are st!ll

!'norant o the c!rcu&stances surroun"!n' the!r

son9s "eath an" the State part.9s author!t!es

ha%e .et to !n!t!ate an !n"epen"ent

!n%est!'at!on$ The Co&&!ttee has '!%en "uecons!"erat!on to the authors9 cla!& un"er

art!cle 7 that the "eath o the!r son !s "!rectl.

attr!-uta-le to the State$


30/32

hen a person "!es !n c!rcu&stances that

&!'ht !n%ol%e a %!olat!on o the r!'ht to l!e

the State part. !s -oun" to con"uct an!n%est!'at!on an" ensure that there !s no

!&pun!t.$ The State part. &ust accor"!n'l.

-e hel" to -e !n -reach o !ts o-l!'at!onun"er art!cle 7 rea" !n conJunct!on w!th

art!cle 0 para'raph 3 to properl.

!n%est!'ate the "eath o the authors9 sonprosecute the perpetrators an" ensure

re"ress$


31/32

Art *+' Each State Part. to the present Co%enant un"erta8es#

(a) To ensure that an. person whose r!'hts or ree"o&s are

%!olate" shall ha%e an eect!%e re&e". notw!thstan"!n' that the

%!olat!on has -een co&&!tte" -. persons act!n' !n an o!c!alcapac!t.K

(-) To ensure that an. person cla!&!n' such a re&e". shall

ha%e h!s r!'ht thereto "eter&!ne" -. co&petent Ju"!c!al

a"&!n!strat!%e or le'!slat!%e author!t!es or -. an. otherco&petent author!t. pro%!"e" or -. the le'al s.ste& o the

State an" to "e%elop the poss!-!l!t!es o Ju"!c!al re&e".K

(c) To ensure that the co&petent author!t!es shall enorce such

re&e"!es when 'rante"$

Article

1$ E%er. hu&an -e!n' has the !nherent r!'ht to l!e$ Th!s r!'ht

shall -e protecte" -. law$ No one shall -e ar-!trar!l. "epr!%e" o

h!s l!e$


32/32

(i$o on Trat* Bo$is

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	marcela-rae-suller
View:	225 times
Download:	0 times

UN Human Rights Protection System

Documents