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U.N. Roles on Public Health
By Anne Whitsel and Brooke Bauman
Presenting...
ContentsCurrent Public Health System
Under U.N.
Management
Issues with Public Health
System
Solutions
1.
2.
3.
Current Public Health System Under U.N. Management
World Health Organization
• Research and Policies
● Directing and Coordinating Authority
● Focus on Improving World Wide Health
-ex: 6 point plan
Joint Programs & Organizations• United Nations
Childrens Fund (UNICEF)
• The Joint United Nations Program on HIV & AIDS (UNAIDS)
● United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)
Formation of Policies & Initiatives
• General Assembly
• Economic & Social Council (UNECOSOC)
Public Health Policies2013 to present
• UNICEF and WHO: Anti-polio Campaign in Syria
1952 to 1964● WHO: inspected
300 million for yaws, cared for affected 50 million
World Health Goals• Alma Ata Declaration of 1978
• Universal Commitment
• Financial Risk Protection
-"Everyone should have access to the
health services they need without risk of
financial ruin or impoverishment"
• Treatment for HIV/AIDS & TB
U.N. Health Budget
• $5.53 billion budget adopted○ 20 million:
children’s health
● 13 billion required: health and treatment
Issues With Public Health System
Health CoverageFactors That Determine Health Coverage:
• Population
• Percentage Affected By Disease
• Number of Health Workers
• Wealth
• Large gap between present health coverage and Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
World Health Report: 2006The Americas Sub-Saharan Africa
14 % of the world’s population 11% of the world’s population
10% of the global burden of disease 25% of the global burden of disease
42% of the world’s health workers 3% of the world’s health workers
>50% of global health expenditure < 1% of global health expenditure
Source: 2006 World Health Report, World Health Organization.
2013 World Health Report
2013 WHR (Continued)
• ⅓ of people given antiretroviral treatment (ART)
• 5 million still in need of treatment
Funding For Appeals
• Flash and Consolidated Appeals
- Natural Disasters and War Zones
• At 60% of total required funding needed
Research Coordination & Communication
• Relationship between researchers/ health workers and policy makers
- “Top Down v.s. Bottom Up Approach”
• Research conducted far away from where it will be applied
Solutions
System Management• Fair Number of Health
Workers
• Provide Healthcare to the Financially Unstable
-ex: Cash payments
• Focus on the Role of the United Nations
(UHC)
Education on Disease PreventionIn order to prevent diseases before they occur…
• More educational programs
ex: Department of Defense HIV/AIDS Prevention Program (DHAPP)
ex: United States of America International Development (USAID)’s International Mother and Child HIV Prevention Initiative
What You Need to Know on
HIV & AIDS…
1. Prevention is more effective than Treatment!
Analyzing Funding For Appeals• Difficult to raise money for
an issue that hasn’t occurred (Flash Appeal)
• Generosity of donors/ Financial Status
• Large budget
Sending Donors (not including relief groups) to areas they will be funding ???
• Studies conducted closer to affected area
• “Bottom Up Approach”
Research Coordination & Communication
ConclusionMain Problems
1) Lack of Healthcare in poor countries
2) More Focus on Prevention v.s. Treatment
3) Lack of Funding
4)Currently a “Top Down” Approach
Solutions
1)System Management
2) Education
3) Presenting Problems to Donors
4) “Bottom Up Approach”
The U.N. Can Change!
Sources Cited• "About WHO." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. <http://www.who.int/about/en/>.
• "Bodies, History, Visits, Employment, Address, Members, Budget, Information." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/index.shtml>.
• "General Assembly Adopts $5.53 Billion Budget to Fund WorldwideOperations as Main Segment of Sixty-eighth Session Concludes." UN
News Center. UN, 27 Dec. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2013/ga11479.doc.htm>.
• Gladstone, Rick. "Polio Vaccination Effort in Syria Appears to Have Some Effect." The New York Times, 9 Jan. 2014. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/10/world/middleeast/polio-in-syria-is-said-to-be-under-control.html?_r=0>.
• "Global Issues at the United Nations." UN News Center. UN, n.d. Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/en/globalissues/health/>.
• "Main Messages from World Health Report 2013: Research for Universal Health Coverage." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.who.int/whr/2013/main_messages/en/index.html>.
• Nelson, Jane. "Business As a Partner in Strengthening Public Health Systems in Developing Countries." N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.un.org/partnerships/Docs/report_13_HEALTH%20FINAL.pdf>.
• "Prevention Programs." Prevention Programs. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.aids.gov/federal-resources/hiv-aids-programs/prevention-programs/>.
• "Providing Help for Children." Save a Child. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. <http://www.unicefusa.org/work/>.
Sources Cited (Continued)• "Research for Universal Health Coverage." World Health Report 2013. N.p., 2013. Web. 31 Jan. 2014. <
http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2013/whr2013-slides.pptx?ua=1>.
• "UN Agencies Begin Syrian Immunization Campaign after Reports of Polio Outbreak." United Nations Multimedia, Radio,
Photo and Television. N.p., 25 Oct. 2013. Web. 1 Feb. 2014. <http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2013/10/un-
agencies-start-syrian-immunization-campaign-after-reports-of-polio-outbreak/>.
• "UN Launches Middle East Anti-polio Campaign." The Times of Israel. N.p., 8 Nov. 2013. Web. 30 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-launches-middle-east-polio-campaign/>.
• "UN, Partners Seek Record $13 Billion to Bring Life-saving Aid to Millions in 2014." UN News Center. UN, 16 Dec. 2013.
Web. 21 Jan. 2014. <http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?
NewsID=46743&Cr=humanitarian+appeal&Cr1=#.UtGkRtGA3IU>.
• "UNAIDS Strategy 2011-2015." UNAIDS Strategy 2011-2015. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsstrategygoalsby2015/>.
Sources Cited (Continued)• "UNFPA in the UN System." UNFPA -. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Dec. 2013. <http://www.unfpa.org/public/home/about/pid/4629>.
• "United Nations Fund For International Partnerships." United Nations, 20 Dec. 1999. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.un.org/partnerships/Docs/children_a-54-664-add1.pdf>.
• "The United Nations System." United Nations Department of Public Information, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. <
http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/structure/pdfs/UN%20system%20chart_lettercolor>
• "WHO Called to Return to the Declaration of Alma-Ata." WHO. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2014.
<http://www.who.int/social_determinants/tools/multimedia/alma_ata/en/>.
Photo Credits• http://www.cappe.edu.au/news.htm
• http://www.medicusmundi.org/en/contributions/reports/2012/negotiating-global-health-at-the-world-health-organization-the-case-of-the-global-code-of-practice-on-the-international-recruitment-of-health-personnel
• http://www.cochrane.org/about-us/relations-world-health-organization
• http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_Health_Organization_Executive_Board_Room.JPG
• http://www.un.org/youthenvoy/un-agencies/unicef-the-united-nations-childrens-fund/
• http://ramrojob.com/org/unfpa-the-united-nations-population-fund
• https://globalhealth.duke.edu/media/news/michael-merson-comments-unaids
• http://www.consilium.europa.eu/council/photographic-library?command=PIC&pic=1&bid=61&lang=EN&rubrique=4261&dateEvent=25/09/2012&id=818&picid=a0f4fe51-2f39-4463-95db-97a7c594f84f
• https://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/untour/subeco.htm
• http://www.timesofisrael.com/un-launches-middle-east-polio-campaign/
• http://www.opensecrets.org/news/reports/moneytrail.php• http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2013/10/un-agencies-start-syrian-immunization-campaign-after-reports-of-polio-outbreak/• http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/yaws_elimination_strategy/en/index.html
• http://talkvietnam.com/2013/11/un-to-launch-major-aid-appeal-for-battered-philippines/#.UuqqJ3mO4ao
• http://technorati.com/politics/article/health-care-reform-the-sky-is/
• http://www.bestclipartblog.com
• http://coloradopeakpolitics.com/2013/08/02/follow-the-money-initiative-22-funders-in-the-spotlight/money-ii/
• http://www.clker.com/clipart-scales-of-justice-1.html
• http://nsdupdate.com/2012/novdec-topic-health-care/
• http://www.unicef.org.hk/unicefs-work/emergency-relief/emergency-news/donation-appeals/philippines-flooding/appeals
• http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45314&Cr=technology&Cr1=#.Uu2LDnmO4ao
• http://www.unicefusa.org
Thank You