UN Sustainable Development Goals

Team 3bDora Frances Sullivan-González

Cassandra Fagan Kyungmin Kim

Marcelo Azagra

UN Sustainable Development Goals• Direct Water Implications:

• Indirect Water Implications:– Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote

sustainable agriculture– Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls– Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all– Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns– Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts– Goal 15: Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems,

sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation, and halt biodiversity loss

All Goals

All goals Goal 2, 5, 6

Goal 6, 14, 15

Goal 6, 12, 13, 14, 15

• Goal is to support the protection of water resources from exploitation and pollution while meeting drinking water

and sanitation needs, energy, agriculture and other uses.

• Increase water productivity • Main focus areas: Improving irrigation efficiency, hydropower, and

flood management strategies.

Water Resources

UN SDGs – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene• Achieve universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene

1. No open defecation - Elimination

2. Basic access - Achieve universal access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene at home, health facilities, and schools

3. Safely managed services - Halve % of population without access at home to safely managed drinking water and sanitation

4. Equality - Progressively eliminate inequalities in access; Disaggregation of data

(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

UN SDGs – Drinking Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

Implementation Process and Challenges

• Creating the “enabling environment” through education

• Infrastructure development• Monitoring, data, and reporting

implication– Need modified and increased

spending to cover existing and expand

– Should not overburden countries with data collection costs if they lack human and financial resources

– Need coordination between reporting agencies to expand and avoid overlap/duplication (Source: Progress on Drinking Water and

Sanitation 2012 update)

Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality-Current Situation and Issue (Necessary progress)

Sanitation Service Chain

1. Reduce wastewater pollution and

improve water quality by reducing

untreated domestic and industrial

wastewater by (x%)

2. increasing waste water reuse safely by

(y%)

3. Reducing nutrient pollution by (z%) to

maximize water resource availability and

improve water quality.

Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality-Current Situation and Issue (Necessary progress)

• Ensure the collection and treatment of used water

• Increasing the amounts of used water that are re-used or recycled for beneficial purposes

• Policies and regulations that lead to prevention of pollution and a reduction in the negative impacts of diffuse pollution, starting with, but not limited to the priority to reduce nitrogen and phosphorous pollution.Global access to sewerage connection and

sewerage connection with treatment in 2010by country income group (adapted from Baum et al., 2013)

Wastewater Pollution and Water Quality

-Strengths

1. Centralized and decentralized

2. Adopt different kinds of water treatment technologies based on a location and use-specific.

3. Locally appropriate (temperature, rainfall, human, financial, material and spatial).

-Weaknesses and challenges

1. Strong governance : lack of clear, well-thought out policy

2. Financial aspects: policies should be support effective water and wastewater pricing system ensuring long-term operation and maintenance.

3. Lack of data: Before the processing, appropriate collecting, storing, analyzing and sharing water quality data should be prepared.

WATER-RELATED DISASTERS

Damage Caused by Reported Natural Disasters

• Climatological events caused by long-lived/meso to macro scale processes (in the spectrum from intra-seasonal to multi-decadal climate variability): Extreme Temperature, Drought, Wildfire• Meteorological events caused by short-lived/small to meso scale atmospheric processes (in the spectrum from minutes to days): Storm• Hydrological events caused by deviations in the normal water cycle and/or overflow of bodies of water caused by wind set-up: Flood, Mass Movement (wet)• Geophysical events originating from solid earth: Earthquake, Volcano, Mass Movement (dry)• Biological Disaster caused by the exposure of living organisms to germs and toxic substances: Epidemic, Insect Infestation, Animal StampedeSource: EM-DAT

Target: Reduce mortality by x% and economic loss by y% from water-related disasters

• Increased knowledge and understanding about communities at risk from water-related disasters, especially those likely to arise from climate change;

• Adoption of integrated disaster risk management, including an appropriate mix of structural and non-structural approaches, to reduce mortality and economic losses from water-related disasters;

• Adoption and implementation by countries of monitoring and people-centered early warning systems for communities most at risk from water-related disasters;

• Application of an end-to-end preparedness approach to water-related disaster management which sees the needs of user communities being met, to the last mile.

Source: http://www.unwater.org/topics/water-in-the-post-2015-development-agenda/target-e-water-related-disasters/en/

“Only with strong political commitment at the highest level can real progress towards a safer, more sustainable future be made” UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon

Four Core Indicators

• Mortality due to water-related disasters• Estimate of direct economic losses from water-

related disasters• The proportion of at-risk communities with

effective people-centred early warning systems• The percentage of all countries that have assessed

their risk of water-related disasters and have set up plans and strategies for integrated disaster risk management,

Challenges

• Agreement will need to be reached on a common system for classifying the severity of water related hazards, such as floods

• Indicators for drought risk will need to consider socio-economic as well as environmental factors, and disaggregate the relative weights of these factors

• Indicators will require modeling of demographic changes and remote-sensing to determine land-use and estimate exposure to water related hazards

Economic Facts

• Economic loss risk to floods and cyclones in OECD countries is growing faster than GDP per capita

• Economic risks with costs estimated at USD 1 trillion from 2000 to 2010

• USD 55 million floodway was built to mitigate flood damage on the Red River in Canada. Since its completion in the 1960s, it has saved an estimated USD 28 billion in damages over 20 flooding events

Water Governance1. Implement integrated approaches to water management at local, basin, and

national levels including participatory decision-making2. Deliver all drinking water supply, sanitation, and hygiene services in a progressively

affordable, accountable, and financially and environmentally sustainable manner3. Ensure regulatory frameworks are in place for water resources, infrastructure and

services, and enhance the performance of responsible public authorities and their water operators

4. Strengthen knowledge transfer and skills development

(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

Challenges• Requires a concerted programme of education, knowledge, and

skills development• “Costs” of governance are difficult to measure in

economic/financial terms• Corruption impacts water, in particular in the supply of services and

hydropower– Between 10-30% finances siphoned-off through corrupt

practices

(Source: sustainabledevelopment.un.org)

UN SDGs - Summary–Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation

for all–Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas, and marine resources

for sustainable development