7ADA120 102 AIR FORCE OCCUPATIONAL MEASUREMENT CENTER RANDOLPH AFB TX F/6 Ri9DENTAL LABORATORY CAREER LADDER AFS 982XO.(U)

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UNITED STATES AIR FORCE

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DENTAL LABORATORY CAREER LADDER DTlCAFS 982X0 ELE

r.L_ OCT 1 2 1982AFPT 90-982-466SEPTEMBER 1982 B

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82 10 12 067OCCUPATIONAL ANALYSIS PROGRAM

USAF OCCUPATIONAL MEASUREMENT CENTERAIR TRAINING COMMAND

RANDOLPH AFB, TEXAS 78150APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

* Ev

DISTRIBUTION FOR

AFSC 982X0 OSR AND SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS

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AFHRL/MODS 2 6 Im Im .AFMEA/MEMD 1 1 lh 1AFMPC/MIPCHS 1 1AFMPC/MPCRPQ 2ARMY OCCUPATIONAL SURVEY BRANCH 1 1CCAF/AYX I 1DEFENSE TECHNICAL INFORMATION CENTER 1 1HQ AAC/DPAT 3 3 3HQ AFCC/LMT (AFCC & MAC ) 1 1 1HQ AFCC/MPXT 3 3 3HQ AFISC/DAP I 1HQ AFLC/MPCA 3 3 3HQ AFSC/MPAT 3 3 3HQ ATC/DPAE 1 1 1HQ ATC/SGHT 1 1 1

HQ MAC/DPAT 3 3 3HQ PACAF/DPAL 1 1 1HQ PACAF/DPAT 3 3 3HQ SAC/DPAT 3 3 3HQ SAC/LGMQ (ATCLO) 1 1 1HQ TAC/DPAT 3 3 3HQ TAC/DPLATC 1 1 1HQ USAF/SGD 1 1 1HQ USAF/MPPT 1 1 1HQ USAFE/DPAT 3 3 3HQ USAFE/DPATC 1 1 1HQ USMC/OMU 1 1LMDC/AN INODAC 1 1SHCS/MSO (SHEPPARD AFB TX M EDICAL) 6 2 2 93507 ACS/DPUI 1 1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

NUMBER

PREFACE ----------------------------------------------- iii

SUMMARY OF RESULTS ------------------------------------- iv

INTRODUCTION -----------------------------------------

Background ---------------------------------------

SURVEY METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------- 3Inventory Development ----------------------------- 3

Survey Administration ----------------------------- 3

Survey Sample ------------------------------------- 3Task Factor Administration ------------------------ 6

CAREER LADDER STRUCTURE -------------------------------- 8

Job Descriptions ---------------------------------- 10Comparisons of Specialty Jobs --------------------- 18

ANALYSIS OF DAFSC GROUPS ------------------------------- 25Summary ------------------------------------------ 30

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE GROUPS (TAFMS) ------------------ 31First-Enlistment Personnel ------------------------ 31

ANALYSIS OF JOB SATISFACTION -------------------------- 36

COMPARISON OF SURVEY DATA TO AFR 39-1 SPECIALTYDESCRIPTIONS ---------------------------------------- 38

MAJOR COMMAND ANALYSIS --------------------------------- 38

ANALYSIS OF CONUS/OVERSEAS DIFFERENCES ----------------- 38

SPECIAL ISSUES ----------------------------------------- 40

TRAINING ANALYSIS ------------------------------------- 45Training Emphasis (Tasks) ------------------------- 45

Specialty Training Standard (STS) ----------------- 45Plan of Instruction (POI) ------------------------ 46

COMPARISON OF CURRENT SURVEY TO PREVIOUS SURVEY ------- 55

IMPLICATIONS----- .. ......-------------------------- 56

APPENDIX A - REPRESENTATIVE TASKS FOR CAREER LADDERSTRUCTURE GROUPS ----------------------------------- 57

APPENDIX B - JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR BASE AND AREA DENTALLABORATORY PERSONNEL ----------------------------- 58

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PREFACE

This report presents the results of an Air Force Occupational Survey ofthe Dental Laboratory Specialist/Technician career ladder (AFS" 982X0). Thesurvey was requested by the USAF School of Health Care Sciences, SheppardAFB TX. Authority for conducting occupatiorml surveys is contained in AFR35-2. Computer products upon which this report is based are available foruse by operations and training officials.

The survey instrument for this project was developed by CMSgtDonald J. Cochran, Inventory Development Specialist. Mr. Bill Feltnerprovided computer support for this project. Dr. Linda Aslett analyzed thesurvey data and wrote the report. This report was reviewed and approvedby Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy L. Mitchell, Chief, Airman Career LaddersAnalysis Section, Occupational Measurement Center, Randolph AFB, Texas78150.

Copies of this report are distributed to Air Staff sections, majorcommands, and other interested training and management personnel.Additional copies are available upon request to the USAF OccupationalMeasurement Center, attention to the Chief, Occupational Analysis Branch(OMY), Randolph AFB, Texas 78150 (AUTOVON 487-5811).

PAUL T. RINGENBACH, Col, USAF WALTER E. DRISKILL, Ph.D.Commander Chief, Occupational Analysis BranchUSAF Occupational Measurement USAF Occupational MeasurementCenter Center

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MU

SUMMARY OF RESULTS

1. Survey Coverage: Inventory booklets were completed by 498 jobincuments holding DAFSC 982X0 (representing 72 percent of total assignedstrength). This sample was representative in terms of both MAJCOM andgrade distribution and provided a comprehensive view of career ladder jobs.

2. Specialty Structure: Most 982X0 career ladder incumbents work as BaseDenta L oratory Technicians or as Crown and Bridge Fabricators (at botharea and dental laboratories). Nine-skill and CEM personnel grouped into anindependent job type; training personnel grouped with technicians accordingto common tasks performed. Many area dental laboratory personnel formedinto four independent job types, (two related to RPD fabrication, one relatedto ceramic prostheses fabrication, and one related to orthodontic duties).

3. DAFSC and Skill-Level Task Differences: The majoritv of 3- and 5-skilllevel personnel performed technical tasks appropriate to their assignment toeither base or area laboratory. Seven-skill level personnel performedtechnical tasks of increased difficulty and were involved increasingly inadministrative and supervisory roles. The 9-skill and CEM personnel devotedtheir time almost exclusively to management and supervisory duties.

4. Career Ladder Documents: The AFR 39-1 Specialty Descriptions providegood descriptions of the jobs performed by 982X0 personnel. Currenttraining documents generally were supported by survey data; however, someareas and tasks performed by few first-enlistment personnel were suggestedfor review.

5. Implications: Jobs performed by area dental laboratory personnel weredifferent due to specialization. Area laboratory personnel fabricatedRemovable Partial Dentures (RPDs) and orthodontic appliances; base dentallaboratory personnel did little or none of this work. Some overlap of jobsoccurred in crown, bridge, and Inlay fabrication. Channelizing training couldbe useful if first-enlistment personnel targeted for area dental laboratoriescould be identified early. Survey data did, however, reveal thatapproximately 64 percent of first-enlistment personnel go to a base dentallaboratory for their first assignment.

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OCCUPATIONAL SURVEY REPORTDENTAL LABORATORY CAREER LADDER

(AFSC 982X0)

INTRODUCTION

This is a report of an occupational survey of personnel in the DentalLaboratory Specialist/Technician career ladder completed by the OccupationalAnalysis Branch, 'USAF Occupational Measurement Center, in July 1982. Thelast occupational survey of this career ladder was conducted in June 1978.The present survey was requested by the School of Health Care Sciences,Training Operations Division, Sheppard AFB TX. A major purpose of thissurvey was to determine whether job differences between 982X0 personnelassigned to base dental laboratories and those assigned to area laboratorieswere sufficiently large to justify channelized technical training.

/

Background

The 982X0 career ladder dates from 1954 and has remained relativelystable. Temporarily, from 1957 to 1961, the 5- and 7-skill levels had twoshreds--A for technicians working with precious metal alloys and B for thoseworking with chrome cobalt alloys. The present structure contains noshredouts at any skill level. In 1978, the CEM code 98200, Dental LaboratoryManager, was added to the skill levels for this career ladder.

Personnel usually enter the Dental Laboratory career ladder by firstattending the J3ABR98230 Dental Laboratory Specialist Course at the School ofHealth Care Sciences, Sheppard AFB, Texas. These personnel may be either

"eline" students from basic training or personnel cross-training from otherspecialties. Upon completion of the 24 week course, graduates are awardedthe 3-skill level. These personnel are then assigned either to one of the sixarea dental laboratories (Barksdale, Lackland, Lowry, and March AFBs, orKlena and Wiesbaden ABs), or to one of the USAF base dental laboratorieslocated worldwide.

The duties of the 3- and 5-skill level Dental Laboratory Specialist aredescribed in AFR 39-1 as fabrication and repair of dental prostheses andappliances, performance of general laboratory administration tasks, andsupervision of dental laboratory personnel. Most fabrication and repair ofdentures, crowns, inlays, etc., are done under supervision of moreexperienced technicians. General administrative tasks include mintenance ofdental laboratory records, preparation of required laboratory reports, andrequisition, storage, and issuance of supplies.

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As an aid to better understanding the functions and responsibilities ofdental laboratory personnel, sowe informatlon follows on the organizationalstructure of USAF dental laboratories. Airmen In this career ladder may beassigned to either of two types of dental laboratories: a base dentallaboratory (BDL) or an area dental laboratory (ADL). BDLs are responsiblefor supporting their associated dental facilitip with the fabrication and repairof complete dentures, fixed partial dentures, crowns, and inlays. They mayalso repair removable partial dentures. ADLs support base dental labs withintheir geographic area of responsibility through the fabrication of removablepartial denture frames. The six ADLs represent approximately one-third ofthe career ladder's personnel strength. They support the base labs infabrication of complete dentures, fixed partial dentures, and other fixedbridge work when demands on local resources exceed the ability to producethem. Basically, ADLs function as a centralized facility for the fabrication ofremovable partial denture frames and as a clearing house for other prostheticfabrication or repair backlogged at associated base dental labs.

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SURVEY METHODOLOGY

Inventory Development

The data collection instrument for this occupational survey was USAF JobInventory AFPT 90-982-466 dated October 1981. A preliminary task list wasprepared after reviewing pertinent career ladder publications and directives,tasks from previous survey inventories, and data from the last occupationalsurvey report (OSR). This preliminary task list was refined and validatedthrough personal interviews with subject-matter specialists from the School ofHealth Care Sciences and experienced senior personnel from one base dentallab and two area dental labs. The resulting job inventory contained a listingof 325 tasks grouped under seven duty headings and a background sectioncontaining such information as grade, lab assignment, duty title, time inservice, job satisfaction and preference in lab assignment, and additionaltraining.

Survey Administration

During the period October 1981 through January 1982, Consolidated BasePersonnel Offices (CBPOs) in operational units worldwide administered theinventory to job incumbents holding DAFSC 982X0. These personnel wereselected from a computer-generated mailing list obtained from personnel datatapes maintained by the Air Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFHRL).

Each individual who completed the inventory first completed anidentification and biographical information section and then checked each taskperformed in their current job. After checking all tasks performed, eachmember rated each selected task on a nine-point scale showing relative timespent on that task as compared to all other tasks checked. The ratingsranged from one (very small amount of time spent) through five (aboutaverage time spent) to nine (very large amount of time spent).

To determine relative time spent for each task checked by a respondent,all of an incumbent's ratings are assumed to account for 100 percent of his orher time spent on the job and are summed. Each task rating is divided bythe sum of the total task ratings and multiplied by 100. This procedureprovides a basis for comparing tasks in terms of both percent membersperforming and average relative percent time spent.

Survey Sample

Personnel were selected to participate in this survey to ensure anaccurate representation across major commands (MAJCOM) and paygradegroups. Table 1 reflects the percentage distribution by major command, ofassigned personnel in the career ladder as of October 1981. Also shown isthe MAJCOM percent distribution of survey respondents.

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Table 2 reflects the paygrade group distributions, while Table 3 lists thesample distribution by TAFMS groups. About 54 percent of sampled 982X0personnel are in the grades E-1 through E-4 (see Table 2) and 42 percentare in their first enlistment (see Table 3). The survey sample provided agood representation of the career ladder population.

TABLE 1

COMMAND REPRESENTATION OF SURVEY SAMPLE982X0

PERCENT OF PERCENT OFCOMMAND ASSIGNED SAMPLE

SAC 30 31ATC 22 21USAFE 10 11TAC 9 9PACAF 8 8MAC 8 8AFSC 7 6AFLC 3 3AAC 2 2OTHER 1 1

TOTAL 100 100

TOTAL ASSIGNED* -691TOTAL ELIGIBLE FOR SURVEY** - 575

TOTAL SAMPLED - 498PERCENT SAMPLED - 72%

*ASSIGNED STRENGTH AS OF OCTOBER 1981**EXCLUDES THOSE IN PCS STATUS, STUDENTS, HOSPITALIZED PERSONNEL, AND

PERSONNEL WITH LESS THAN SIX WEEKS ON THE JOB

4i

S.,--- 77-7

MOM.0

TABLE 2

PAYGRADE REPRESENTATION OF SURVEY SAMPLE982X0

PERCENT OF PERCENT OFASSIGNED SAM4PLE

AIRMAN 27 2E-4 31 27E-5 26 30E-6 9 11E- 7 5 4E-8, 9 2 1

NOTE: MANNING FIGURES AS OF OCTOBER 1981

TABLE 3

TAFMS DISTRIBUTION OF SURVEY SAMPLE

MONTHS IN THE SERVICE

1-48 49-96 97-144 145-192 193-240 241+

NUMBER IN AFS 982X0 SAMPLE 206 140 68 37 30 17PERCENT OF AFS 982X0 SAMPLE 42% 28% 14% 7% 6% 3%

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Task Factor Administration

In addition to completing the job inventory, selected senior 982X0personnel (generally E-6 and E-7 technicians) were also asked to complete asecond booklet for either training emphasis (TE) or task difficulty (TD).The TE and TD booklets are processed separately from the job inventories.The rating information is used in several analyses discussed in detail withinthis report.

Task Difficulty. Each senior technician completing a task difficulty bookletwas asked to rate all inventory tasks on a nine-point scale (from extremelylow to extremely high) as to relative difficulty. Difficulty is defined as thelength of time required by an average member to learn to do the task. Taskdifficulty data were independently collected from 27 experienced 7- or 9-skilllevel 982X0 personnel stationed worldwide, with all raters assessing thedifficulty of inventory tasks. The interrater reliability (as assessed throughcomponents of variance of standard group means) was very high--.95. Taskdifficulty ratings were adjusted so tasks of average difficulty would h" a5.00 rating. The resulting data is essentially a rank ordering of ksindicating the relative degree of difficulty for each task in the inven v.

Job Difficulty Index (JDI). After computing the 982X0 task difficultyfor each task item, it was then possible to compute a Job Difficulty(JDI) for the job groups identified in the survey analysis. Thisprovides a relative measure of which jobs, when compared to other jobsidentified, are more or less difficult. An equation using the number of tasksperformed and the average difficulty per unit time spent (ADPUTS) asvariables are the basis for the IDI. The index ranges from 1.0 for veryeasy jobs to 25.0 for very difficult jobs. The indices are adjusted so theaverage JDI is 13.00.

Training Emphasis. Experienced technicians completing training emphasisbooklets were asked to rate tasks on a ten-point scale ranging from notraining required (0) to extremely heavy training required (9). Trainingemphasis is a rating of which tasks require more emphasis in structuredtraining for first-term personnel. Structured training is defined as trainingprovided at resident technical schools, field training detachments (FTD),mobile training teams (MTT), formal OJT, or any other organized trainingmethod. Training emphasis data were independently collected from 43experienced 982X0 7- and 9-skill level personnel stationed worldwide. Theinterrater reliability (as assessed through components of variance of standardgroup means) for these raters was .97, indicating there was good agreementamong raters as to which tasks required some form of structured training andwhich did not.

When used in conjunction with other information, such as percentmembers performing, task difficulty and training emphasis ratings can provideinsight into training requirements. Such insights may help validatelengthening or shortening portions of instruction supporting AFSC neededknowledges or skills.

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TABLE 4

TASK FACTOR RATER MAJCOM DISTRIBUTION

PERCENT PERCENT OF PERCENT OFCOMMAND ASSIGNED TASK DIF RATERS TRAINING EMP RATERS

SAC 30 26 30ATC 22 15 19USAFE 10 15 7TAC 9 3 19PACAF 8 15 9MAC 8 7 9AFSC 7 11 4AFLC 3 3 -AAC 2 - 2OTHER 1 4 -

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CAREER LADDER STRUCTURE

The main issue in this survey was to determine if dental laboratoryspecialists assigned to base laboratories and those assigned to regional arealaboratories were performing jobs distinctly different enough to warrantchannelized training. This issue was examined by ascertaining what jobscareer ladder personnel were presently performing and how similar those jobswere to each other.

The set of tasks performed by each person in the survey sampleconstitutes his or her Job or Position. A group of jobs whose personnelperform many similar tasks-and spen-d-similar amounts of time performing themis called a Job Type. Job types having a substantial degree of similarity aregrouped ancT--cal a Cluster. Those specialized job types too dissimilar tofit within a cluster are labeled Independent ob Types.

Based on the analysis of the task data, the survey sample separated intotwo major clusters: (1) Base Dental Laboratory personnel, and (2) Crownand Bridge Fabrication personnel, composed of both base and area laboratorypersonnel. Two independent jobs types, composed of both types oflaboratory personnel, were also identified: Dental Laboratory Managers andOrthodontic Appliance Specialists. The majority of area laboratory personnel,however, formed no single identifiable cluster. They grouped into threeindependent job types relating to work with Removable Partial Dentures (RPD)and Ceramic Prostheses Fabrication.

The division of jobs performed in the 982X0 career ladder, based on tasksimilarity and relative time spent, is illustrated in Figure 1. These clustersand job types are listed below. The group (GRP) number is referenced tocomputer printed information included for use by classification and trainingmanagers. The letter N stands for the number of people in the group.

I. BASE DENTAL LABORATORY PERSONNEL CLUSTER (GRP035, N=259)

a. Base Dental Laboratory Workers (GRPI12, N=162)b. Base Dental Laboratory NCOICs (GRP109, N=17)c. Base Dental Laboratory Fabrication and Repair Personnel

(GRPO64, N=61)d. Apprentice Laboratory Workers (GRP038, N=10)

II. CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATION PERSONNEL CLUSTER (GRP041, N=80)

a. Crown and Bridge Fabricators (GRP059, N=73)b. Instructors, School of Health Care Sciences (SHCS)

(GRP115, N=5)

III. ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE FABRICATORS (GRP046, N=7)

IV. DENTAL LABORATORY MANAGERS (GRP056, N=22)

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-7I

GRP CERAMIC PROTHESES FABRICATORS128 (N=7)

GRP REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD)037 SECTION NCOICs (N-19) I

a-

CRPREMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD)

4 039FABRICATORS (N-19)o

GRP REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES051 INSTRUCTORS (N-13)

GRP DENTAL LABORATORY MANAGERS056 (N-22)

tn

od 0. 6R ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE FABRICATORS06(N-7)

GRP SCHOOL OF HEALTH CARE SCIENCEo 115 INSTRUCTORS (N-5)C'4

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CROWN A CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATORSBRIDGE 9 (N-73)

FABRICATIONPERSONNEL

((N-80)GRP APPRENTICE LABORATORY WORKERS

00BASE DENTAL LABORATORY

m FABRICATION AND REPAIR PERSONNELBASE DENTALLABORATORY

(N259) GR BASE DENTAL LABORATORY NCOICs

0 13 10 (N-17)

R BASE DENTAL LABORATORY WORKERS

9 (N-162)

V. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) INSTRUCTORS (GRP051, N=13)

VI. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) FABRICATORS (GRP039, N=19)

VII. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) SECTION NCOICs (GRP037, N=11)

VIII. CERAMIC PROSTHESES FABRICATORS (GRP128, N=7)

Eighty-four percent of the survey respondents were performing the jobsgrouped within the two clusters and six independent job types listed above.The remaining sixteen percent performed jobs that did not group with any ofthe defined job types. Job titles for some of these respondents includedinstructor supervisor, metal finishing specialist, and blockout specialist. Theset of tasks performed by these personnel separated these dental laboratoryspecialists from the mainstream of those in the career ladder.

Job Descriptions

The following paragraphs describe the jobs included in the clusters andindependent job types defined during the career ladder structure analysis.

I. BASE DENTAL LABORATORY PERSONNEL CLUSTER (GRP035,N=259). This cluster of survey respondents provides a comprehensive viewof work done at a base dental laboratory. It is also the largest identifiablecluster within the 982X0 career ladder. Comprising 62 percent of the surveysample, cluster members are responsible for performing those duties and tasksrelated to the overall mission of a base dental laboratory, i.e., the fabricationand repair of dental prostheses. Half of the job time was spent performinggeneral laboratory tasks. General laboratory tasks include work withdiagnostic and master casts, repair of broken or fractured dental appliances,fabrication of some types of appliances, and miscellaneous housekeepingactivities. Among these are preparing slurry water, packing molds and flasksfor shipment, and weighing and mixing gypsum products. A list ofrepresentative tasks performed by cluster members appears in Table 5.Fifty-five percent of group members are 5-skill level personnel, with theremainder holding the 3- or 7-skill levels. The job of base dental labpersonnel was the broadest job identified, with members performing anaverage of 100 tasks (out of an inventory which included 325 tasks).

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TABLE 5

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS OF BASE DENTAL LABORATORY CLUSTER(GRP035, N=259)

FABRICATE BASEPLATES, OCCLUSION RIMS, SOFT MOUNT GUARDS, CUSTOMIMPRESSION TRAYS, NIGHT GUARDS, SURGICAL STENTS AND SPLINTS (TEMPLATES),REMOUNTING INDEXES, VERTICAL BITE OPENERS, AND ACRYLIC ORTHODONTICAPPLIANCES

WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES

MAINTAIN TOOTH INVENTORY MANAGEMENT (TIM) FILE FOLDERS

MAKE ENTRIES ON DENTAL LABORATORY PRESCIPTION AND CONSULATION REQUESTFORMS (AF FORM 994)

POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC AND MASTER CASTS

MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING TECHNIQUES OF FACEBOW TRANSFERS

SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER

MOUNT AND OCCLUDE CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES

ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs

ADAPT AND ATTACH WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs

PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON RPDs AND COMPLETE DENTURES

PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS

FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS

HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES

ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN WAX FOR CENTRIC AND BALANCED ECCENTRICOCCLUSIONS

DEAD AND BOX IMPRESSIONS

PACK CASES FOR SHIPIENT AND UNPACK CASES RECEIVED FROM OTHER BASES

CHARACTERIZE TOOTH ARRANGEMENTS AND DENTURE BASES

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There were four groups identified within this cluster of base dentallaboratory personnel. Two of the groups identified- -Base Dental LaboratoryWorkers (Ia) and Apprentice Laboratory Workers (1d)), performed jobsadequately represented by the cluster description already provided.Apprentice laboratory workers were the most junior and did simple, lesstechnical tasks than the Base Dental Laboratory Workers who were moresenior in TAFMS and grade. Although task similarities among these fourgroups are greater than their differences, two of the groups warrantadditional discussion because they were distinctly different in some aspects ofthe dental laboratory job they performed.

Ib. Base Dental Laboratoy NCOICs (GRP109, N17fl. This jobtype was composeel of--s-enior 5-skill level airmen, as well as some 7- and9-skill level personnel. Each member of this group performed many of thegeneral laboratory tasks discussed for the cluster. Approximately 42 percentof their job time was spent performing general laboratory tasks, while 23percent was spent performing highly technical duties such as fabrication andrepair of removable partial dentures (nine percent), complete dentures (eightpercent), and orthodontic appliances (six percent). In addition, this jobtype was distinct from others in the cluster in members' performance of manysupervisory and managerial tasks. Examples of such tasks performed by 60percent or more of the group members included:

Determine work prioritiesDevelop work methods or proceduresSupervise Dental Lab Apprentices (DAFSC 98230)and Dental Lab Specialists (DAFSC98250)

Write APRsEstablish work schedulesConduct OJTAnalyze workload requirementsEstablish performance standards

Ic. Base Dental Laboratory Fabrication and Repair Personnel(GRP064, N=6. Thi-sob type was composed of experinced-5- an-d-7-sk1level personnel. Twenty-five members of the group are 7-skill level and 47members are supervisors. One-fourth of their job time was spent performinggeneral laboratory tasks typical of the cluster, but their distinctive jobcharacteristic was the 40 percent of their time spent fabricating crowns,inlays, fixed partial dentures, and ceramic prostheses. These technical tasksare among the most exacting and difficult in the career ladder and aregenerally performed only by senior, experienced laboratory specialists.Concentration on performance of highly technical tasks composed much of this

group's job, but supervision duties were also a job component with 18 percentof their duty time spent performing such tasks. Di tinguishing tasks for thisjob type include many tasks pertaining to fabrication, especially fabrication ofceramic prostheses:

Perform ultrasonic cleaning procedures of contouredporcelain surfacesWax-up or carve patterns for fixed partial dentures

and crowns

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Finish and polish dental alloys for crowns, inlays,or fixed partial dentures

Lubricate diesFire opaque porcelain

Although specialized technical tasks comprised the majority of this job, theselaboratory specialists perform the largest number of tasks of any job group inthis cluster. The average number of tasks performed by group members was148.

1I. CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATION PERSONNNEL CLUSTER(GRP041, N=80). This cluster is composed of 3-, 5-, and 7-skill levelpersonnel (in a variety of settings) who fabricate crowns, inlays, fixedpartial dentures, and ceramic prostheses. Sixty percent of the cluster wereassigned to base dental laboratories; 34 percent worked in area dentallaboratories; and six percent were performing instructor duties at the Schoolof Health Care Sciences (SHCS) at Sheppard AFB, Texas. These instructorsgrouped with other laboratory personnel because of the training techniques inthe resident course. The course is demonstration rather than lectureoriented so the instructors performed the same basic tasks they would if theywere assigned to a base or area dental laboratory. Typical tasks performedby members of this cluster are displayed in Table 6. The jobs performed bythis cluster are smaller in scope than the previous strictly base dentallaboratory personnel cluster. The average number of tasks performed was60. Supervision was part of the duties of less than 30 percent of thecluster. Managerial and supervisory duties accounted for less than 10percent of job time.

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TABLE 6

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS OF CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATION PERSONNEL CLUSTER(GRP041, N=80)

WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES,AND VARIOUS TYPES OF PONTICS OR FACINGS

DEOXIDIZE (PICKLE) GOLD ALLOYS

CAST METAL SUBSTRUCTURES USING GAS AND OXYGEN

CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR

WAX SUBSTRUCTURE PATTERNS TO FULL CONTOUR PRIOR TO CUTBACK

BURN OUT INVESTED WAX OR PLASTIC PATTERNS

APPLY BODY OR INCISAL PROCELAIN

DESPRUE CASTINGS

CONTOUR FIRED PORCELAIN

WAX-UP PATTERNS USING WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE

POUR MASTER CASTS WITH REMOVABLE DIES

CONSTRUCT STONE DIES

FIRE OPAQUE, BODY, OR INCISAL PORCELAIN

ASSEMBLE FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS FOR SOLDERING

PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTIALDENTURE EQUIPMENT

Ila. Crown and Bridge Fabricators (GRP059 N=73). This jobtype represents-th e laboratory specialiss performing fabricationtasks in both base (66 percent) and area (34 percent) dental laboratories.They differed from the Fabrication and Repair job type of the previouscluster in that these job incumbents did few general laboratory tasks andspent the majority (70 percent) of their time fabricating crowns, inlays, fixedpartial dentures, and ceramic prostheses. The scope of this job was alsomore narrow than the base dental lab fabrication group with the averagefabricator performing 50 tasks. Specific tasks performed did not differwidely from the list presented in Table 6. This job type also mirrored themain cluster in that approximately 30 percent of the group were supervisorswith such duties accounting for eight percent of the job time.

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lib. Instructors, School of Health Care Sciences (SHCS) (GRPII5,N=5. These personnel conduted- de-ntal l-oratory specialist residenttraining at Sheppard AFB, Texas. As a result of the demonstration ofnumerous laboratory procedures and techniques, these instructors performedmany of the tasks common to the cluster. Group members were, of course,distinctly different in that 25 percent of their job time specifically related totraining tasks. All members developed training aids and prepared lessonplans, as well as wrote, administered, and scored tests. Thirty-five percentof their job was composed of tasks related to fabrication of crowns, inlays,and fixed partial dentures--the course content these instructors taught.These 5- and 7-skill level personnel performed an average of 78 tasks.Three of the group members considered themselves supervisors of apprentice(3-skill level) laboratory specialists, and all members performed traineecounseling on training, as well as personal or military-related matters.

III. ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE FABRICATORS (GRP046, N=7). Thissmall independent job type was comprised of 3-, 5-, and 7-skill levelpersonnel who spent 78 percent of their time performing general laboratorytasks and fabricating and repairing orthodontic appliances. Because of therequirement to provide dental care in overseas locations, six group membersare assigned overseas. The remaining member is assigned to Wilford HallMedical Center, Lackland AFB, Texas, to support training of Air Forcedentists. Orthodontic appliance personnel averaged performing 37 tasks,among them fabrication and repair of acylic orthodontic appliances, shapingwire for orthodontic appliances, and performing orthodontic trim of diagnosticcasts. This group represents a small, highly specialized segment of thedental laboratory career ladder.

IV. DENTAL LABORATORY MANAGERS (GRP056, N=22). Thisindependent job type consists of individuals placed in positions ofresponsibility where they were removed from the requiremert to performtechnical tasks. Located at area dental laboratories and large baselaboratories, these job incumbents spent 90 percent of their time performingsupervisory and managerial duties. Only eight percent of their time wasspent fabricating or repairing dental prostheses. Seventy-seven percent ofthe group members hold a 7- or 9-skill level and 90 percent supervise otherdental laboratory personnel. Their duty titles ranged from Dental LaboratoryManager or Superintendent (46 percent) and Dental Laboratory DepartmentNCOIC (37 percent) to Dental Laboratory Supply Custodian (nine percent).This group performed an average of 78 tasks, mostly supervisory oradministrative in nature. Examples of such tasks included writing APRs,interpreting policies, directives, or procedures for subordinates, determiningscheduling and workload requirements, and counseling personnel on trainingprogress, as well as personal or military-related matters.

V. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) INSTRUCTORS (GRP051,N=13). Members of this independent job type spent the majority of their timeperforming technical tasks related to fabrication and repair of removablepartial dentures (37 percent) in support of training. Seven members of thejob group are resident course instructors at Sheppard AFB's School of HealthCare Sciences. Other members are area laboratory personnel involved in

15

on-the-job training programs. The instructors grouped with field arealaboratory personnel due to the emphasis in training on demonstration oftechniques. Such an emphasis results in similar task responses. A selectivelist of RPD technical tasks performed appears in Table 7. Training tasksperformed which differentiated this group from other RPD personnel includedcounseling of personnel, administration and scoring of tests, and evaluation oftraining progress. The average number of tasks performed was 66 and 31percent of group members were supervisors.

VI. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) FABRICATORS (GRP039,N=19). These personnel were found only at area laboratories and wereresponsible for the fabrication of RPDs. They spent 92 percent of their timeperforming RPD fabrication and general laboratory tasks. They spent onlyone percent of their time performing those technical duties associated mostclosely with base dental laboratories, i.e., fabrication of crowns, inlays,fixed partial dentures, or fabrication and repair of complete dentures.Sixty-eight percent of this group were 3-skill level personnel and 75 percentwere in their first-enlistment. This job type represents one of the mostspecialized among the 982X0 personnel. RPD fabricators performed anaverage of only 12 inventory tasks. These include:

Finish and polish dental alloys for RPD9Check finished framework on duplicate master casts

for accurate fitSolder metal framevorks of RPDs electricallyDesprue castings

16

- .I

TABLE 7

REPRESENTATIVE TECHNICAL TASKS OF RPD INDEPENDENT JOB TYPES

SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES

BURN OUT INVESTED WAX OR PLASTIC PATTERNS

TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS

FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs

POUR AND TRIM REFRACTORY CASTS

MARK INVESTMENT MOLDS WITH INGOT SIZE

BLOCK OUT UNDESIRABLE UNDERCUTS

BLOCK OUT AND RELIEVE MASTER CASTS

ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs

DIRECT MAINTENANCE OR UTILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT

WAX DIP REFRACTORY CASTS

PERFORM PAINT-ON PROCEDURES FOR INVESTMENTS

SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR RPDs

DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS

PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON RPDs

PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON RPD EQUIPMENT

VII. REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) SECTION NCOICs(GRP037, N;-11). This independent job type contains 7- and 9-skill levelpersonnel exclusively. Forty percent of their job time was spent performingmanagement and supervision tasks, while the remaining job time was spentfabricating RPDs. Despite the joining of supervisory tasks to performance ofRPD fabrication tasks, group members still performed few tasks, with theaverage being 28. Tasks performed by nine or more of the group includedchecking finished framework on duplicate master casts for accurate fit,finishing and polishing dental alloys for RPDs, soldering metal frameworks ofRPDs electrically, and supervising dental laboratory specialists.

177'I

VIII. CERAMIC PROSTHESES FABRICATORS (GRP128, N=7). Thisindependent job type reflected another highly specialized area laboratory jobwithin the 982X0 career ladder. Three-, 5-, and 7-skill level personnel arerepresented within the group. Fifty-seven percent are in their firstenlistment and the average number of tasks performed was 19. Eightypercent of this group's time was spent fabricating porcelain products. Anadditional eight percent was spent fabricating crowns, inlays, and fixedpartial dentures. Common tasks performed included applying and firing bodyor incisal porcelain, contouring fired porcelain, and staining porcelainrestorations.

Comparisons of Specialty Jobs

Clusters and independent job types identified are shown in Tables 8 and9, along with selected background information and job satisfaction data.

The two largest groups in the survey were the Base Dental LaboratoryPersonnel Cluster and the Crown and Bridge Fabrication Personnel Cluster.These 982X0 personnel groups were very similar in percent of first-enlistment(34-39 percent), grade, average months in career field, and average monthsof total active federal military service (TAFMS). The two clusters differed inboth number of tasks performed and size of group. The Base DentalLaboratory cluster accounted for 62 percent of the survey sample, andmembers averaged performing 100 tasks, by far the most diverse jobidentified. The Crown and Bridge Fabrication Cluster, comprised of SHCSinstructors and crown and bridge fabricators, accounted for 19 percent of thesurvey group, with members performing an average of 60 tasks.

The independent job types identified tended toward specialization andunique characteristics. The two most senior personnel groups were theDental Laboratory Managers and the RPD Section NCOICs. Several specializedjobs performed by few 982X0 personnel were identified: OrthodonticAppliance Fabricators, performing an average of 37 tasks; Ceramic ProsthesesPersonnel, performing an average of 19 tasks; and RPD Fabricators,performing an average of 12 tasks. All of these groups contained smallnumbers of first-enlistment personnel.

Job satisfaction among 982X0 personnel was very good (Table 9). Thevast majority of members found their jobs interesting, as well as making gooduse of training and talent. Three groups were less satisfied: RPDInstructors, RPD Fabricators, and Orthodontic Appliance Fabricators. Allthree groups reported consistently lower feelings of accomplishment on the jobthan other job groups identified. Additionally, RPD Fabricators believedtheir job did not adequately use their talents or training. This group alsoreported the lowest reenlistment intention of any job group (see Table 9).Feelings of job dissatisfaction may relate to the highly specialized nature andnarrow scope of the job. Group members spent each duty day performing anaverage of 12 tasks. Repetition and resulting boredom or frustration couldbe a problem among these technicians.

Career ladder jobs were compared for difficulty using the Job DifficultyIndex (JDI) described in the TASK FACTOR ADMINISTRATION portion of thisreport. The JDI is based on the number of tasks performed and the relative

18

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difficulty of these tasks. The index ranges from 1.0 for very simple jobs to25.0 for the most demanding jobs. This index provides an overview of jobswithin a career ladder and pinpoints those jobs of increasing responsibilityand broader scope.

Table 8 displays the JDI values for the jobs performed by 982X0personnel. The most difficult jobs are Dental Laboratory Managers, followedby the Base Dental Laboratory personnel and Crown and Bridge Fabricationpersonnel clusters. Jobs with the lowest JDI were those extremely narrow inscope--RPD Fabricators and Ceramic Prostheses personnel. Note that RPDFabricators, the job with the lowest JDI value, was also the 982X0 job withthe lowest job satisfaction of all job groups.

As discussed earlier, analysis of the 982X0 career ladder structurerevealed base dental laboratory personnel performed a broad range of tasksand made up approximately 64 percent of career ladder personnel. Arealaboratory personnel performed small, specialized jobs composed of a narrowrange of tasks. Base and area laboratory personnel grouped together in somefabrication tasks (crowns and bridges) and at senior supervisory levels but,generally, base and area laboratory airmen performed different jobs. Thenature of these differences was apparent when job descriptions for 3- and5-skill level airmen at area and base dental laboratories were compared (seeAppendix B for complete job descriptions).

The 237 3- and 5-skill level personnel who indicated they worked in abase dental laboratory, were primarily concerned with general laboratorytasks and fabrication of crowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures. Themajority of these airmen (79 percent) grouped with the Base DentalLaboratory Personnel Cluster with most appearing in the Laboratory Workergroup. Fifty-nine percent of the Fabrication and Repair Personnel job typewere also base dental laboratory 3- and 5-skill level personnel. Smallnumbers of base dental laboratory personnel were performing the independentjob type of Orthodontic Appliance Fabricators. Each 3- and 5-skill level baselaboratory airman performed an average of 96 tasks. Table 10 presents asample list of common tasks performed by 98230/50 personnel assigned to abase dental laboratory.

The jobs performed by the 3- and 5-skill level area laboratory dentallaboratory specialist were quite different. These 133 airmen were primarilyinvolved in the fabrication and repair of removable partial dentures (RPDs)and performance of general laboratory tasks. Five-skill level area laboratorypersonnel were also somewhat more involved in supervision than their basedental laboratory peers (see Table 11). The majority of area laboratorypersonnel grouped either with the Crown and Bridge Fabrication PersonnelCluster (32 percent), specifically in the Crown and Bridge Fabricator group,or in the RPD Fabricator and Ceramic Prostheses Fabricator independent jobtypes (25 percent). Overall, area laboratory jobs for 3- and 5-skill levelairmen were more specialized and narrower in scope than base dentallaboratory 3- and 5-skill level jobs. Correspondingly, area laboratorypersonnel performed an average of 27 tasks compared to 96 tasks for basedental laboratory 3- and 5-skill level airmen. Table 12 provides arepresentative list of common tasks performed by 30 percent or more of 3-and 5-skill level area laboratory personnel.

19

In summary, jobs performed by area laboratory personnel were narrower,more specialized jobs relating to fabrication of RPDs, ceramic prostheses, andorthodontic appliances. Base dental laboratory personnel did little or none ofthis work. They had diverse jobs involving performance of more generallaboratory tasks and fabrication of crowns, inlays, and fixed partialdentures.

20

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22

TABLE 10

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS PERFORMED BY 98230/50 PERSONNEL:BASE DENTAL LABORATORY

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

FISI MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTINGTECHNIQUES 95

F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 94F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 89F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 89F164 PREPARE SLURRY WATER 82F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 81F171 SANDBLAST OR SELLBLAST APPLIANCES 81F181 WEIGH AND MIX GYPSUM PRODUCTS 80F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 79F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 79H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 77F179 WAX-UP AND CONTOUR DENTURE BASES 76F155 PACK FLASKED APPLIANCES 701249 MOUNT CAST FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 681259 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 65F130 BURNOUT INVESTED WAX OR PLASTIC PATTERNS 611230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 611677 WEIGH AND MEASURE DENTAL LABORATORY MATERIALS USING TROY

SYSTEM 57K301 FINISH AND POLISH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 55FISO MAKE ADJUSTMENTS TO IMPRESSION TRAYS, SUCH AS STRENGHTENING

OR PERFORATING 54E113 MAKE ENTRIES ON DENTAL LABORATORY PRESCRIPTION AND

CONSULTATION REQUEST FORMS (AF FORM 994) 52K294 BEND WIRE FOR ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 511229 CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR 501265 WAX-UP PATTERNS USING WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE 47A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 42E123 RECEIVE SUPPLIES 42

23

TABLE 11

SUPERVISORY TASKS PERFORMED BY 98250 PERSONNEL

PERCENT PERCENTAREA LAB BASE LABPERSONNEL PERSONNEL

TASKS PERFORMING PERFORMING

C69 WRITE APRs 38 32B48 SUPERVISE DENTAL LABORATORY SPECIALISTS

(AFSC 98250) 36 24B46 SUPERVISE APPRENTICE DENTAL LABORATORY

SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98230) 36 27A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS, SUCH AS STAFF MEETINGS,

BRIEFINGS, CONFERENCES, OR WORKSHOPS 40 57D75 CONDUCT OJT 26 33

TABLE 12

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS PERFORMED BY 98230/50 PERSONNEL:AREA DENTAL LABORATORY

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 50F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBIAST APPLIANCES 44H195 ADAPT WROUGHT IRON CLASPS FOR RPDs 38F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 34F135 DESPRUE CASTING 33H197 ATTACH WROUGHT IRON CLASPS TO RPDs 32H219 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR RPDs 30f203 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs 30H220 TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS 30H221 TRANSFER DESIGNS FROM MASTER CASTS TO REFRACTORY CASTS 29

24

ANALYSIS OF DAFSC GROUPS

An analysis of DAFSC groups, in conjunction with the analysis of thecareer ladder structure, is an important part of each occupational analysis.The DAFSC analysis identifies differences in task performance at various skilllevels. This information is also used to evaluate how well career ladderdocuments, such as AFR 39-1 Specialty Descriptions and the SpecialtyTraining Standard (STS), reflect what career ladder personnel are actuallydoing in the field.

DAFSC 98230/50: These 392 personnel were primarily involved in performanceof geniieralaboratory tasks and fabrication of crowns, inlays, and fixedpartial dentures. Thirty-eight percent of their duty time was occupied withgeneral laboratory tasks such as work with diagnostic and master casts,repair of broken or fractured dental appliances, and miscellaneoushousekeeping activities. Eighteen percent of their job time was spentfabricating crowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures. The duty occupyingthe third most time was fabrication and repair of removable partial dentures(16 percent). Three- and 5-skill level personnel formed the overwhelmingmajority of all job groups discussed in the CAREER LADDER STRUCTUREsection except for the most senior job group of Dental Laboratory Managers.They represented over 85 percent of Orthodonic Appliance Fabricators,Ceramic Prostheses Fabricators, and Removable Partial Dentures (RPD)Sectior NCOICs. Three- and 5-skill level airmen also comprised over 75percent of the Base Dental Laboratory Personnel and Crown and BridgeFabrication Personnel clusters as well as Removable Partial Dentures (RPD)Fabricators. Three- and five-skill level personnel are obviously welldispersed throughout the career ladder's technical jobs. Table 13 displaystasks commonly performed by airmen at these skill levels.

25

TABLE 13

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS PERFORMED BY 98230/50 PERSONNEL

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 78F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 70F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 67F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 63F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 61F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 60F181 WEIGH AND MIX GYPSUM PRODUCTS 60F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 60F164 PREPARE SLURRY WATER 58F174 SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER 57F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 57F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 56F139 FABRICATE CUSTOM IMPRESSION TRAYS 55F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 55F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 54F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 54F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 54F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 54F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 54H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 53F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 53F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 53F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 53F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 53F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 53F125 BEAD AND BOX IMPRESSIONS 53F163 PREPARE IMPRESSIONS FOR POURING DIAGNOSTIC CASTS OR MASTER

CASTS 53F180 WEIGH AND MEASURE DENTAL LABORATORY MATERIALS USING METRIC

SYSTEM 52F142 FABRICATE OR ADAPT BASEPLATES 521249 MOUNT CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 51

26

DAFSC 98270: As career ladder personnel progressed from the 3- and 5-skilleveTs to-the 7-skill level, the jobs they performed took on additional super-visory emphasis. The job differences noted between base dental labs andarea labs continued. Ninety-five 7-skill level personnel made up the totalgroup: 69 were assigned to base labs and were performing an average of 109tasks; 17 were assigned to area labs performing an average of 29 tasks; andthe remaining seven were involved in resident training.

These more experienced personnel grouped within the Base DentalLaboratory NCOIC and Removable Partial Dentures Section NCOIC groups, butwere also found in several of the fabrication groups and area lab independentjob types where they performed more technical, highly skilled tasks. Thosemembers assigned to base dental laboratories continued to spend most of theirtime performing general laboratory tasks (30 percent) or fabricating crowns,inlays, and fixed partial dentures (20 percent). Seven-skill level personnelassigned to area laboratories spent their time fabricating removable partialdentures and ceramic prostheses (27 percent) and supervising and evaluatingwork performed (31 percent). Table 14 presents a general overview of workperformed at this level of the 982X0 career ladder.

AFSC 98290/00: The nine members at this skill level are clearly the managersin this career ladder, spending 83 percent of their time performingsupervisory and managerial tasks. They grouped with the Dental LaboratoryManager and Base Dental Laboratory NCOIC groups. Table 15 lists thosetasks performed by 85 percent or more of this group. Although most of theirtime was spent supervising and managing, group members must beexperienced in the technical tasks associated with the career ladder. Themost common technical tasks they performed were of high difficulty, involvingthe fabrication of crowns, inlays, fixed partial dentures, and porcelainproducts.

27

A6-

TABLE 14

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS PERFORMED BY 98270 PERSONNEL

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

C69 WRITE APRs 81A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 74A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS, SUCH AS STAFF MEETINGS, BRIEFINGS,

CONFERENCES, OR WORKSHOPS 74F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 73B48 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS 71F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 68F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 68B29 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL OR MILITARY RELATED MATTERS 68E113 MAKE ENTRIES ON DENTAL LABORATORY PRESCRIPTION AND

CONSULTATION REQUEST FORMS (AF FORM 994) 64E118 MAKE ENTRIES ON RECORD OF DENTAL PRECIOUS METALS AND

ALLOYS FORMS (AF FORM 520) 63F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 631243 FI14ISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, OR

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 56J271 APPLY OPAQUE PORCELAIN 45D73 ASSIGN ON-THE-JOB TRAINING (OJT) TRAINERS 44J272 CAST METAL SUBSTRUCTURES USING CAST AND OXYGEN 401226 APPLY DIE SPACER TO DIE 36

28

MA Ad

TABLE 15

TASKS PERFORMED BY 85 PERCENT OR MORE 98290/00 PERSONNEL

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

B29 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL OR MILITARY RELATED MATTERS 100B36 DRAFT OR WRITE CORRESPONDENCE 100C69 WRITE APRs 100C53 ENDORSE APRs 100A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS 100A8 ESTABLISH ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES, OFFICE INSTRUCTIONS (01),

OR STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) 100A9 ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 100A24 SCHEDULE LEAVES, PASSES, OR TDYS 100A2 DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE, PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPL.LES 100B42 INITIATE PERSONNEL ACTIONS 89B25 ASSIGN PERSONNEL TO DUTY POSITIONS 89B45 ORIENT NEWLY ASSIGNED PERSONNEL 89850 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB TECHNICIANS (AFSC98270) 89C59 EVALUATE INSPECTION REPORTS OR PROCEDURES 89A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 89C71 WRITE STAFF STUDIES SURVEYS, OR SPECIAL REPORTS 89A5 DEVELOP SELF-INSPECTION PROGRAMS 89C61 EVALUATE MAINTENANCE OR USE OF WORKSPACE, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES 89B26 CONDUCT BRIEFING 89Al ASSIGN SPONSORS FOR NEWLY ASSIGNED PERSONNEL 89

29

Job progression within the 982XO career ladder followed normal patterns.Lowr skill levels performed tasks predominantly technical in nature.Technical tasks differed substantially depending upon whether personnel wereassigned to a base or area dental laboratory. As skill level increased,additional emphasis on supervision and management responsibilities werenoted.

30

ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE GROUPS (TAFMS)

Utilization patterns for survey respondents in different Total ActiveFederal Military Service (TAFMS) groups were examined to determine if therewere differences in tasks performed. The 982X0 members surveyed fit theusual pattern seen in most career ladders. As time in service increased,there was a corresponding increase in performance of duties involvingsupervisory, managerial, and training tasks (see Table 16). As time spenton these tasks increased, time spent performing technical tasks declined.Through the fourth enlistment, technical tasks remained the focus of dentallaboratory specialist jobs. Following a transition during the fifth enlistment,the sixth enlistment found supervisory and managerial functions accountingfor the majority of the respondent's time.

First-Enlistment Personnel

Figure 2 shows the distribution of first-enlistment personnel across thejob groups discussed in the CAREER LADDER STRUCTURE portion of thisreport. First-enlistment personnel (1-48 months) spent the major portion oftheir job time performing the technical tasks associated with either base orarea dental laboratory, depending on their initial assignment. Personnelassigned to a base dental laboratory spent over 50 percent of their timeperforming general laboratory tasks and 17 percent of their time fabricatingand repairing crowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures (see Table 16). Ifthe first-enlistment airman was assigned to one of the six regional arealaboratories, the focus of work was quite different. Forty percent of the jobtime was devoted to fabrication and repair of removable partial dentures, withanother 23 percent of the job time spent in the performance of generallaboratory tasks (see Table 16). Note that the relative time spent performingtechnical tasks was closely aligned only in the fabrication of crowns, inlays,and fixed partial dentures. Otherwise, as discussed in the CAREER LADDERSTRUCTURE section of this report, base and area laboratory personnelperformed substantially different technical tasks. Table 17 presents thosetasks performed by most first-enlistment personnel assigned to baselaboratories. Table 18 displays tasks performed by most first-enlistmentpersonnel at area laboratories.

31

__WNWWWN

FIGURE 2

DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST ENLISTMENT PERSONNELACROSS CAREER LADDER JOBS

(PERCENT MDIERS RESPONDING)(N-157)

BASE ENTA LABOATOR

32SONE

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33

TABLE 17

TASKS PERFORMED BY MOST FIRST-ENLISTMENT 982X0 PERSONNEL:BASE DENTAL LABORATORY

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 96F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 94F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 90F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 90F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 90F139 FABRICATE CUSTOM IMPRESSION TRAYS 87F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 86F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 84F142 FABRICATE OR ADAPT BASEPLATES 84F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 84F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 84F181 WEIGH AND MIX GYPSUM PRODUCTS 83F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 83F141 FABRICATE OCCLUSION RIMS 83F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 82F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 82F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 82F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 82F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 82F163 PREPARE IMPRESSIONS FOR POURING DIAGNOSTIC CASTS OR MASTER

CASTS 81F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 81H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 80F170 REPLACE BROKEN OR MISSING ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON COMPLETE OR

PARTIAL DENTURI BASES 80F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELL BLAST APPLIANCES 79F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 79G191 REMOUNT CASTS 79

34

TABLE 18

TASKS PERFORMED BY THE MOST FIRST-ENLISTMENT 982X0 PERSONNEL:AREA DENTAL LABORATORY

PERCENTMEMBERS

TASKS PERFORMING

F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 49F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 47H195 ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs 39H223 WAX AND ADAPT COMPONENTS OF FRAMEWORK PATTERNS ON REFRACTORY

CASTS FOR RPDs 33F135 DESPRUE CASTINGS 33H219 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR RPDs 32H197 ATTACH WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS TO RPDs 32F138 ELIMINATE STONE NODULES 30H221 TRANSFER DESIGNS FROM MASTER CASTS TO REFRACTORY CASTS 29H220 TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS 29H203 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs 28H216 SOLDER METAL FRAMEWORKS OF RPDs ELECTRICALLY 26

35

ANALYSIS OF JOB SATISFACTION

Table 19 presents data reflecting the job interest, perceived utilizationof talents and training, and reenlistment Intentions of selected TAFMSgroups. No comparative job satisfaction data was available because no medicalor dental career ladder was surveyed in 1981,

AFSC 982X0 career ladder personnel reported high levels of jobsatisfaction. Both first-enlistment and career personnel (97+ months TAFMS)approached 90 percent favorable response, with the second enlistmentdropping only to 85 percent favorable response. Perceived utilization oftalents and training was uniformly high across TAFMS groups. As experienceincreased, somewhat higher percentage trends were noted. For example, 88percent of first-enlistment personnel believed their training was well utilized,while 94 percent among career personnel believed their training was wellutilized.

36

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37I

COMPARISON OF SURVEY DATA TO AFR 39-1SPECIALTY DESCRIPTIONS

To verify the accuracy and completeness of the 982X0 specialtydescriptions, the survey data were compared to the January 1982 AFR 39-1Specialty Descriptions. The descriptions are complete, well supported bysurvey data, and accaratiy portray the duties and responsibilities of dentallaboratory person,-.i, ;I.c 'uties or responsibtiities were omitted nor were anytrends noted during analysis of the career ladder structure which wouldrequire changes in the specialty descriptions at this time.

MAJOR COMMAND ANALYSIS

TasKs and CWiaUs ior personnel within the 982X0 career ladder werebasically uniform across ,,,.ig major cc:irncis. Minor deviations existedwhere area labora .ories were iocated. but this was more a function of baseassignment of area iaboratories than differences in major command utilizationpatterns.

ANALYSIS OF CONUS/OVERSEAS DIFFERENCES

A comparison of tasks performed by 5-skill level personnel assignedwithin the CONUS and those assigned overseas was made for this careerladder. Only minor differenr~ces were noted.

Table 20 lists the p 'cent time spent on each job inventory duty for theCONUS and overses gro,, CONUS personnel spent somewhat more time onthe fabrication an-". apai, removable partial dentures (RPD) while overseas98250 personnel s. sc :at more time on the fabrication and repair oforthodontic appliar,..: s as as crowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures.Such increases in 'lime . ,t by overseas personnel is probably due tooverseas dental lai:irator. having responsibility for supporting dependentdental care.

Except for these mino': differences, 98250 personnel are basically utilizedin a similar manner throl,,. out the Air Force. The overseas group were amore senior group avera9-':' R1 months time in the career field and 87 monthsTAFMS, while the WJNUf, -. ap averaged 56 months in the career field and70 months TAFMS.

38

TABLE 20

PERCENT TIME SPENT ON DUTIES BY 98250 CONUS AND OVERSEAS GROUPS

DAFSC 98250 DAFSC 98250ASSIGNED CONUS ASSIGNED OVERSEAS

DUTY (N=188) (N=67)

SUPERVISORY AND MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

A ORGANIZING AND PLANNING 3 4B DIRECTING AND IMPLEMENTING 4 4C INSPECTING AND EVALUATING 2 3D TRAINING 4 2

ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

E PERFORMING ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPLY TASKS 4 4

TECHNICAL FUNCTIONS

F PERFORMING GENERAL LABORATORY TASKS 35 34G FABRICATING AND REPAIRING C OMPLETE DENTURES 4 4II FABRICATING AND REPAIRING REMOVABLE PARTIAL

DENTURES (RPD) 14 11I FABRICATING CROWNS, INLAYS AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 18 19J FABRICATING CERAMIC PROSTHESES 8 8K FABRICATING AND REPAIRING ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 4 5L FABRICATING SPECIAL PROSTHESES *

*LESS THAN ONE PERCENT

39

" ' ",-.;, -4..

SPECIAL ISSUES

During the survey process, information was gathered to address severalitems of concern to career ladder training managers. These items concernedsupplemental training and instructor duty, special experience identifiers(SEls), and laboratory experience and preference among 982X0 personnel. Asummary of data regarding these special interest areas follows.

Inventory respondents were asked what SEIs they currently held andwhat SEIs they qualified for but had not yet received. Table 21 presents theconsolidated responses by skill level. SEIs are a recent addition to thecareer ladder. Each requires a minimum of 48 months experience as a 982X0to include 24 continuous months of work experience at either a base or areadental laboratory depending on the SEI. Few 982X0 personnel report holdingSEIs though many qualify for them. More 7-skill level personnel hold SEIs(44 percent) than any other skill group while less than a fourth of 3-, 5-, or9-skill level personnel have an SEI. Table 22 shows SEIs awarded across thefunctional job groups described in the CAREER LADDER STRUCTURE sectionof this report. Once again, few group members presently have any SEI.

Field personnel were asked to provide information on which type ofdental laboratory they are assigned to, which type of laboratory they had themost work experience in, and which type of dental laboratory they preferredas a work environment. Table 23 displays their responses. The majority of982X0 personnel were assigned to base dental laboratories. Only at the 9-and CEM skill level did the majority of personnel serve in area laboratories,where they were Dental Laboratory Managers or Superintendents. Inaddition, most dental laboratory technicians gained the bulk of theirexperience in base dental laboratories. Only 28 percent of 3-, 5-, and 7-skilllevel personnel had gained most of their laboratory experience in arealaboratories. When asked which laboratory assignment was preferred, the basedental laboratory was chosen as moderately preferred at the 3- and 5-skilllevel (61 percent), and highly preferred at the 7-skill level (74 percent). Atthe senior 9-skill and CEM levels, an area laboratory was the preferredassignment (67 percent).

Career ladder personnel expressed strong interest in supplementaltraining, and only modest interest in instructor duty (see Table 24). Overthree-fourths of respondents at all skill levels indicated interest in trainingcourses covering orthodontics, and special prostheses. Instructor duty wasof interest to fewer members; however, 29 percent of 3- and 5-skill levelpersonnel and 33 percent of 7-skill level personnel would considervolunteering for such duty.

40

.

TABLE 21

SPECIAL EXPERIENCE IDENTIFIERS (SEIs) AMONG 982X0 PERSONNEL(PERCENT RESPONDING)

DUTY AFSC

98230/50 98270 9 6 2W/,((N=392) (N=95) (Nz-l _

HOLD SEI 21 44 22

SEf AWARDED

482 ADVANCED CHROME TECHNICIAN 3 8 0 H483 ADVANCED CERAMIST/CERAMO METAL TECHNICIAN 2 30 ii484 ADVANCED FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE TECHNICIAN 5 23

SEI QUALIFIED BUT NOT AWARDED

482 ADVANCED CHROME TECHNICIAN 67 25483 ADVANCED CERAMIST/CERAMO METAL TECHNICIAN 6 17484 ADVANCED FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE TECHNICIAN 11 37

I1

41t

...........................................i**

U-"

u I4

. . .. . . . . . L ul. . . . . . I I | I I I I

644

P-4

42

TABLE 23

LABORATORY EXPERIENCE AND PREFERENCE(PERCENT RESPONDING)

98230/50 98270 98290/00

(N=392) (N=95) (N=9)

PRESENT LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY 61 74 22AREA DENTAL LABORATORY 34 19 67OTHER* 5 7 11

MOST EXPERIENCE

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY 57 72 89AREA DENTAL LABORATORY 28 28 11OTHER* 15 0 0

LABORATORY PREFERENCE

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY 74 82 5bAREA DENTAL LABORATORY 20 16 44OTHER* 6 2 0

*MOST INVOLVED IN INSTRUCTOR DUTY

43

TABLE 24

INTEREST IN SUPPLEMENTAL TRAINING AND INSTRUCTOR DUTY(PERCENT RESPOUDING)

98230/50 98270 08290/00(N=392) (N=95) (N=9)

WOULD ATTEND:

ORTHODONTIC COURSE 87 81 78SPECIAL PROSTHESES COURSE 88 86 79

WOULD VOLUNTEER FOR DENTAL LABORATORYINSTRUCTOR DUTY 29 33 57

I4

44

TRAINING ANALYSIS

Occupational survey data are a source of information which can assisttraining managers in the development of training programs relevant to theneeds of personnel working in their first-assignment within a career ladder.Factors which can be used to evaluate training are the percent of first-job(1-24 months TAFMS) or first-enlistment (1-48 months TAFMS) membersperforming tasks, along with training emphasis and task difficulty ratings (asdiscussed in the TASK FACTOR ADMINISTRATION section). T.ese factorswere used to examine the Specialty Training Standard (STS) and the Plan ofInstruction (POI) for course 3ABR98230. Training personnel from the Schoolof Health Care Sciences, Sheppard AFB TX, matched inventory tasks toappropriate sections of the POI and STS. It was this matching upon whichcomparisons are based. A complete computer listing displaying the percentmembers performing, training emphasis ratings, and task difficulty ratings foreach task statement, along with POI and STS matchings, was forwarded to theschool for their use in any further detailed review of training documents.

Because a comparison of jobs performed by area versus base dentallaboratory personnel was of primary concern in this survey, training data wasexamined separately for both types of dental laboratory airmen. Due to thehighly specialized and narrow scope of area laboratory jobs, the surveyinventory revealed few tasks performed by 30 percent or more of arealaboratory personnel (reference Table 8 in ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCEGROUPS (TAFMS) Section). Also, all tasks performed by 30 percent or moreof area laboratory personnel are already part of STS and POI trainingrequirements. Therefore, the data presented in this section will summarizetotal 982X0 personnel responses. A computer listing providing a detailedpresentation of area versus base dental laboratory personnel task performancematched to both the STS and POI has been provided to training managers.

Training Emphasis (Tasks)

Table 25 lists the 25 tasks which raters believed required the mosttraining emphasis for first-enlistment personnel in this career ladder. All ofthese tasks are performed by at least 30 percent of first-enlistmentpersonnel; 13 of the tasks were performed by over 50 percent of this group.The majority of the tasks fell within the general laboratory duty category,with the remainder dealing with work on complete dentures, and fabrication ofcrowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures. Five of the tasks were also ratedas very difficult in comparison to other dental laboratory tasks. Presentresident training for entry-level personnel includes instruction on all of thesetasks ranked high in need of training emphasis for first-enlistment personnel.

Specialty Training Standard (STS)

A review of STS 982X0, dated November 1979, compared STS sections tosurvey data. Paragraphs containing general information or subject matterproficiency requirements were not evaluated. The STS provides thoroughcoverage of jobs performed by field personnel. Precisely because of thisthoroughness, several highly specialized areas within the dental laboratory

45

specialist career ladder were performed by few first-enlistment or 5-skill levelgroups. These areas were fabrication and repair of RPDs, ceramicprostheses, and orthdodontic appliances (see Table 26). These dutiesrepresent small slices of the overall work of 982X0 personnel and are mostoften performed by senior 5-skill and 7-skill level technicians. Even at theskill levels where these duties are predominant, the percentage of careerladder personnel performing them remains small. Career field managersshould review these areas of the STS to reaffirm the appropriateness of codelevels assigned for 5-skill level career ladder personnel. Training personnelmay desire to review these STS paragraphs to consider the amount and depthof training appropriate for first-enlistment personnel.

Some technical tasks performed by 982X0 personnel were not referencedto the current STS (Table 27). These tasks should be reviewed bysubject-matter and training specialists to determine if they should be includedduring the next STS revision.

Plan Of Instruction (POI)

Based on previously mentioned assistance from technical school subject-matter specialists in matching inventory tasks to the 3ABR98230 POI, datedOctober 1981, a computer product was generated displaying the results of thematching process. Information furnished includes training emphasis (TE) andtask difficulty (TD) ratings, as well as percent members performing data forfirst-job (1-24 months TAFMS) and first-enlistment (1-48 months TAFMS)personnel.

Table 28 provides a view of POI-matched inventory tasks which wereperformed by less than 30 percent of first-enlistment personnel. Somegeneral laboratory tasks involving master casts, heat cure methods, and useof acrylic resin veneer were included among these tasks; but, the majority oftasks fell within the range of the narrow highly specialized jobs of fabricationand repair of RPDs, ceramic protheses, orthodontic appliances, as well ascrowns, inlays, and fixed partial dentures. As discussed in both theCAREER LADDER STRUCTURE and ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE GROUPS(TAFMS) portions of this report, small percentages of 982X0 personnelperform these duties within the career ladder at all skill levels. Tasks withinthe Administrative and Supply duty area included six which received very lowtraining emphasis ratings, below average task difficulty ratings and wereperformed by less than 10 percent of first-enlistment personnel. Trainingmanagers should review POI blocks and matched tasks appearing in Table 28to assess the appropriateness of formal resident instruction for allfirst-enlistment personnel in these specialized areas.

46

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TABLE 27

TASKS NOT REFERENCED TO STS 98ZXO*

TASKS

F140 FABRICATE NIGHT GUARDSH204 FINISH AND POLISH RPDs AFTER CLINICAL ADJUSTMENTS1230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT1263 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR INLAYSF153 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING HARD MATERIAL MOUNTING

INDEXESH198 BEAD MAXILLARY CASTH200 CHECK FINISHED FRAMEWORK ON DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS FOR

ACCURATE FITF154 PACK CASES FOR SHIPMENTH214 PREPARE CASTS FOR CORRECTED CAST TECHNIQUESJ282 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF METAL

SUBSTRUCTURESJ281 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF CONTOURED PORCELAIN

SURVACES1256 REPAIR METAL CROWNSF178 UNPACK CASES RECEIVED FROM OTHER BASESG184 ADAPT PREFABRICATED PALATAL DENTURE COMPONENTS ONTO CASTS1231 CHECK WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE WITH DISCLOSING MEDIUM1255 REPAIR ACRYLIC FACINGS ON VENEER CROWNSK308 REPAIR BROKEN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES (ACRYLIC)G182 ADAPT PALATAL RELIEF MATERIALS ONTO CASTJ273 CAST METAL SUBSTRUCTURES USING INDUCTION CASTING MACHINEG193 STABILIZE BASEPLATES WITH SOFT LINER1260 TRIM DIESJ289 STAIN PORCELAIN RESTORATIONS USING INTRINSIC STAINS

(INTERNAL)H208 PAINT CAST SEALERJ290 STAIN PORCELAIN RESTORATIONS USING OPAQUE MODIFIERSG183 ADAPT PREFABRICATED DENTURE BUCCAL (GINGIVAL) COMPONENTS

ONTO CASTSK304 PERFORM ORTHODONTIC TRIM OF DIAGNOSTIC CASTS1226 APPLY DIE SPACER TO DIEG192 SPRUE COMPLETE DENTURE WAX PATTERNS WHEN USING FLUID

RESIN TECHNIQUESK302 FINISH AND POLISH ORTHODONTIC DIAGNOSTIC CASTSK309 REPAIR BROKEN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES (METAL PORTIONS)G194 STABILIZE BASEPLATES WITH ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL (ZNOE)

IMPRESSION BASEJ270 APPLY METAL CONDITIONERSH218 SPRUE RPD DENTURE BASES WHEN USING FLUID RESIN TECHNIQUEK306 POUR ORTHODONTIC IMPRESSION USING ORTHODONTIC BASE FORMERL311 FABRICATE CASTS FROM IMPRESSIONS FOR FACE MASKS1237 DEPLATE (STRIP) CROWNS OR INLAYS1241 FABRICATE SWING-LOCK RPDs L1244 GOLD PLATE CROWN OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES1234 CONSTRUCT ELECTROPLATED DIES

50

'mmi= !

TABLE 27 (CONTINUED)

TASk, 14OT REFERENCED TO STS 982X0*

TASKS

1132 CONSTRUCT AMALGAM DIESL318 FABRICATE iNCLINED PLANED86 DEVELOP TRAINiNG AIDSK307 PRE! RE KESLING SET UPSL314 FABRICATE EAR PLUGS1233 CONSTRUCT DIES USING CERAMIC DIE SYSTEviL310 FABRICATE BURN STENTSL319 FABRICATE MANDIBULAR GUIDE FLANGEr.106 MAINTAIN FEDERAL SUPPLY CATALOG AND CHANGE BULLETINSE105 MAINTAIN AF MEDICAL MATERIEL LETTER (AFMML) FILESD97 PREPARE LESSON PLANSL316 FABRICATE FACIAL MOULAGEB27 CONDUCT STAFF MEETINGSL324 FABRICATE RADIATION STENTSL315 FABRICATE EAR, NOSE, OR EXTREMITY PROTHESESE107 MAINTAIN MANPOWER AUTHORIZATION DOCUMENTSL317 FABRICATE GLOSSECTOMY APPLIANCESL321 FABRICATE PALATAL LIFTSL313 FABRICATE CRANIAL IMPLANTSL320 FABRICATE OBSTETRICS/GYNECOLOGY (OB/GYN) STENTSL322 FABRICATE PECTUS-EXCAVATVlI IMPLANTSD76 CONDUCT RESIDENT COURSE CLASSROOM TRAININGD85 DEVELOP RESIDENT COURSE OR CAREER DEVELOPMENT COURSE (CDC)

CURRICULUM MATERIALSL323 FABRICATE PLASTIC SURGERY IMPLANTS (SILICONE)

*SUPERVISORY AND MANAGERIAL TASKS HAVE BEEN OMITTED.

51

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0-2

COMPARISON OF CURRENT SURVEY TO PREVIOUS SURVEY

Results of this survey were compared to those of Occupational SurveyReport AFPT 90-982-330, Dental Laboratory career ladder, dated June 1978.Sample sizes were similar, with 532 respondents comprising the previoussurvey group and 498 respondents in the current sample.

job groups identified were basically the same. There were, howevertwo minor variations. The previous survey identified one group of RPDFabricators; this survey identified two groups; one RPD Fabricator group,and a more senior group of RPD personnel who had supervisoryresponsibilities, RPD Section NCOICs. The other minor variation from theprevious survey was among instructors. In 1978, School of Health CareSciences (SHCS) instructors grouped together as a component of the largecluster of base dental laboratory personnel. The 1981 data found SHCSinstructcrs grouping in two subsets based on technical tasks taught: onegroup of instructors grouped with base dental laboratory personnel and theremaining SHCS instructors who taught RPD tasks grouped as an independ, Mjob type among other RPD personnel.

The 1981 survey was unique from the 1978 survey because eachrespondent provided information on laboratory assignment and preference.This information allowed a clearer comparison of jobs at base and aredlaboratories. Survey data indicated area laboratory jobs were highlyspecialized and narrow in scope of technical tasks performed. Base dentallaboratory jobs made up two-thirds of career ladder jobs and were morediverse, with incumbents performing a larger number of tasks.

Both surveys revealed job interest and perceived utilization of talentsand training of survey respondents to be quite high. Other backgrounddata, such as average paygrade, DAFSC, TAFMS, and time in career field,were similar between surveys.

Overall, the 982X0 career ladder has remained relatively unchanged i.terms of career ladder structure and personnel makeup. There is noevidence in the 1981 data to suggest that this career ladder is undergoingany major changes or shifts in emphasis.

55

IMPLICATIONS

The primary purpose of this survey was to determine whether jobdifferences between 982X0 personnel assigned to base dental laboratories andthose assigned to area laboratories were sufficibntly large to justifychannelized technical training. Analysis of the career ladder structurerevealed base dental laboratory personnel performed a broad range of tasksand made up approximately 65 percent of career ladder personnel. Sixty-fourpercent of first-enlistment personnel were assigned to a base dentallaboratory for their first job. Area laboratory personnel performed morespecialized jobs composed of a narrow range of tasks. Thirty-seven percentof first-enlistment personnel were working in an area laboratory. Base andarea laboratory personnel grouped together in some fabrication tasks (crownsand bridges) and at senior supervisory levels but, generally, base and arealaboratory airmen performed different jobs. Channelized training could beuseful if personnel projected for initial assignment to an area dentallaboratory could be identified early. Survey data, however, did reveal thatthe majority of career field personnel spent their first-enlistment in a basedental laboratory.

A review of supporting STS and POI documents underscored thespecialized career ladder Jobs performed by few first-enlistment and 5-skilllevel groups. Career field managers should review these STS and POI areasto reaffirm the appropriateness of code levels for 5-skill level personnel.Training personnel may desire to review these areas to consider the amountand depth of training appropriate for first-enlistment personnel. The presentSTS and POI supports first-enlistment training requirements for both areaand base dental laboratory personnel.

56

APPENDIX A

REPRESENTATIVE TASKS FOR CAREER LADDERSTRUCTURE GROUPS

57

TABLE Al

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY PERSONNEL CLUSTER(GRP035)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=259)

F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 97F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 97F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 97F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 96F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 95F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 95F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 95F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBS'TY]Th'E 95F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTLES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 95F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 94F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 94F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 94F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 93F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 93F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 93F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 93F170 REPLACE BROKEN OR MISSING ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON COMPLETE OR

PARTIAL DENTURE BASES 93F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 93F142 FABRICATE OR ADAPT BASEPLATES 92F141 FABRICATE OCCLUSION RIMS 92G186 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN WAX FOR CENTRIC OCCLUSION 91F139 FABRICATE CUSTOM IMPRESSION TRAYS 90F179 WAX-UP AND CONTOUR DENTURE BASES 90F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 90G191 REMOUNT CASTS 90H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 89F131 CHARACTERIZE (FESTOON) DENTURE BASES 89F166 RELINE COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DENTURES USING SELF-CURE (JIG)

METHOD 88G189 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON COMPLETE DENTURES 88F140 FABRICATE NIGHT GUARDS 88

Al>4~ . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

TABLE A2

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY WORKERS(GRP112)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=162)_

F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 99F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 99F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 99F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 99F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 98F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 98F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 98G186 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN WAX FOR CENTRIC OCCLUSION 98F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 98F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 98F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 98F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 98FI51 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 98F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 98F141 FABRICATE OCCLUSION RIMS 98F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 98F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 98F170 REPLACE BROKEN OR MISSING ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON COMPLETE OR

PARTIAL DENTURE BASES 98F'142 FABRICATE OR ADAPT BASEPLATES 98H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 97F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 97G191 REMOUNT CASTS 97F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 96F179 WAX-UP AND CONTOUR DENTURE BASES 96F139 FABRICATE CUSTOM IMPRESSION TRAYS 96F131 CHARACTERIZE (FESTOON) DENTURE BASES 95F166 RELINE COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DENTURES USING SELF-CURE (JIG)

METhOD 95F140 FABRICATE NIGHT GUARDS 95F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 94G189 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON COMPLETE DENTURES 94

A2

Aim........ ................

TABLE A3

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY NCOICs(GRP109)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=17)

F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 100F131 CHARACTERIZE (FESTOON) DENTURE BASES 100G186 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN WAX FOR CENTRIC OCCLUSION 100F132 CHARACTERIZE TOOTH ARRANGEMENTS 100F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 100F179 WAX-UP AND CONTOUR DENTURE BASES 100G189 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON COMPLETE DENTURES 100F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 100F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 100F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 100F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 100G185 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH IN WAX FOR BALANCED ECCENTRIC

OCCLUS ION 100F155 PACK FLASKED APPLIANCES 100F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 100F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 100F170 REPLACE BROKEN OR MISSING ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON COMPLETE OR

PARTIAL DENTURE BASES 100F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 100F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 100F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 100F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 100F167 REMOVE STONE TEETH FROM CASTS 100G188 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON EQUIPMENT USED ON COMPLETE

DENTURES 100F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 100A9 ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 94F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 94F166 RELINE COMPLETE OR PARTIAL DENTURES USING SELF-CURE (JIG)

METHOD 94F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 94F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCES FOR PROCESSING 94F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 94F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 94

A3

TABLE A4

BASE DENTAL LABORATORY FABRICATION AND REPAIR PERSONNEL(GRP064)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=61)

1261 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS 1001259 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 1001248 LUBRICATE DIES 1001247 INVEST WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 981249 MOUNT CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 981250 OCCLUDE CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 981230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 971266 WEIGH AND MEASURE DENTAL LABORATORY MATERIALS USING TROY

SYSTEM 97F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 971262 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 951243 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, OR FIXED

PARTIAL DENTURES 951252 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON CROWNS, INLAYS, AND

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 951236 DEOXIDIZE (PICKLE) GOLD ALLOYS 951254 POUR MASTER CASTS WITH REMOVABLE DIES 93F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 93FI51 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 93F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 931235 CONSTRUCT STONE DIES 921251 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANLJE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURE EQUIPMENT 92E118 MAKE ENTRIES ON RECORD OF DENTAL PRECIOUS METALS AND ALLOYS

FORMS (AF FORM 520) 92F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 92F130 BURN OUT INVESTED WAX OR PLASTIC PATTERNS 90F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 90F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 90F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 90F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 89F174 SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER 89F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 891229 CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR 87F136 DEVEST (RECOVER) CASTINGS 87

A4

TABLE AS

APPRENTICE LABORATORY WORKERS(GRPO38)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=10)

F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTINGTECHNIQUES 100

F125 BEAD AND BOX IMPRESSIONS 100F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 90F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 90F139 FABRICATE CUSTOM IMPRESSION TRAYS 90F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 90F174 SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER 90F164 PREPARE SLURRY WATER 90F147 FLASK PROSTHETIC APPLIANCE, FOR PROCESSING 90F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 90F149 KEY OR SCORE CASTS 90F142 FABRICATE OR ADAPT BASEPLATES 90F181 WEIGH AND MIX GYPSUM PRODUCTS 80F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 80F161 PREPARE CASTS OR MATRICES FOR DENTURE REPAIR 80F160 PREPARE CASTS FOR FLASKING 80F141 FABRICATE OCCLUSION RIMS 80F163 PREPARE IMPRESSIONS FOR POURING DIAGNOSTIC CASTS OR MASTER

CASTS 70F148 HEAT CURE ACRYLIC APPLIANCES 70F129 BO7 OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 70F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 70F144 FABRICATE SURGICAL STENTS AND SPLINTS (TEMPLATES) 70F162 PREPARE FRACTURED AREAS OF DENTURES TO RECEIVE NEW ACRYLIC

MATERIAL 70F155 PACK FLASKED APPLIANCES 60F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLICS 60F170 REPLACE BROKEN OR MISSING ARTIFICIAL TEETH ON COMPLETE OR

PARTIAL DENTURE BASES 60F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 60F172 SELECT ARTIFICAL TEETH 60F140 FABRICATE NIGHT GUARDS 50F133 CLEAN AND PREPARE MOLDS FOR PACKING 50

A5

..... ............ .. . . .... ... . .c- -- J .. .. ...., = . . '

TABLE A6

CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATION PERSONNEL CLUSTER(GRP041)

PE(CElNIMEMBERSPERFORWII'v,

TASKS (N=80)

1261 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS 971230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 971259 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 961249 MOUNT CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 961247 INVEST WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 951248 LUBRICATE DIES 941250 OCCLUDE CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 941262 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 901243 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, OR

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 901252 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON CROWNS, INLAYS, AND

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 901264 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF PONTICS OR

FACINGS 84F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 821251 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURE EQUIPMENT 8]1229 CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR 80F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 80F135 DESPRUE CASTINGS 791236 DEOXIDIZE (PICKLE) GOLD ALLOYS 791246 INVEST FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS OR CROWNS FOR

SOLDERING 791238 ELIMINATE WAX OR OTHER LUTING MATERIALS FROM SOLDERING

INDEX PRIOR TO SOLDERING 771227 ASSEMBLE FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS FOR SOLDERING 77J275 CUTBACK SUBSTRUCTURE WAX PATTERNS FOR PORCELAIN FUSED TO

METAL RESTORATIONS 761265 WAX-UP PATTERNS USING WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE 741258 SOLDER FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS USING GAS-AIR

TORCHES 74J278 FIRE OPAQUE PORCELAIN 71J281 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF CONTOURED

PORCELAIN SURFACES 71J274 CONTOUR FIRED PROCELAIN 70J277 FIRE BODY OR INCISAL PORCELAIN 70J282 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF METAL SUBSTRUCTURES 70J276 DEGAS METAL SUBSTRUCTURES 70J292 WAX SUBSTRUCTURE PATTERNS TO FULL CONTOUR PRIOR TO CUTBACK 69

A6

TABLE A7

CROWN AND BRIDGE FABRICATORS(GRP059)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=73)

1230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 99[261 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS 971259 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 961249 MOUNT CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 961247 INVEST WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 951248 LUBRICATE DIES 931250 OCCLUDE CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED -ARTIAL DENTURES 931243 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, OR

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 921252 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON CROWNS, INLAYS, AND

FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 901262 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 891264 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF PONTICS OR

FACINGS 821251 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURE EQUIPMENT 82FI51 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 821229 CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR 81F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 81J275 CUTBACK SUBSTRUCTURE WAX PATTERNS FOR PORCELAIN FUSED TO

KETAL RESTORATIONS 79F135 L2SPRUE CASTINGS 791236 DEOXIDIZE (PICKLE) GOLD ALLOYS 791246 INVEST FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS OR CROWNS FOR

SOLDERING 791227 ASSEMBLE FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS FOR SOLDERING 781238 ELIMINATE WAX OR OTHER LUTING MATERIALS FROM SOLDERING

INDEX PRIOR TO SOLDERING 78J278 FIRE OPAQUE PORCELAIN 74J281 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF CONTOURED

PORCELAIN SURFACES 741258 SOLDER FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS USING GAS-AIR

TORCHES 74J292 WAX SUBSTRUCTURE PATTERNS TO FULL CONTOUR PRIOR TO CUTBACK 73J274 CONTOUR FIRED PORCELAIN 73J277 FIRE BODY OR INCISAL PORCELAIN 73J282 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF METAL

SUBSTRUCTURES 73J276 DEGAS METAL SUBSTRUCTURES 731265 WAX-UP PATTERNS USING WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE 71 L

A7

TABLE A8

INSTRUCTORS, SCHOOL OF HEALTH CARE SCIENCES (SHCS)(GRP115)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=5)

D76 CONDUCT RESIDENT COURSE CLASSROOM TRAINING 100D91 EVALUATE TRAINING PROGRESS OF RESIDENT COURSE STUDENTS 100D86 DEVELOP TRAINING AIDS 100D97 PREPARE LESSON PLANS 100D80 COUNSEL TRAINEES ON TRAINING PROGRESS 1001260 TRIM DIES 100D102 WRITE TEST QUESTIONS 100F151 MOUNT CASTS ON ARTICULATORS USING ARBITRARY MOUNTING

TECHNIQUES 100D72 ADMINISTER TESTS 1001235 CONSTRUCT STONE DIES 1001265 WAX-UP PATTERNS USING WAX ADDITIVE TECHNIQUE 1001230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 1001264 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR VARIOUS TYPES OF PONTICS OR

FACINGS 1001261 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR CROWNS 100D100 SCORE TESTS 100F180 WEIGH AND MEASURE DENTAL LABORATORY MATERIALS USING METRIC

SYSTEM 1001229 CAST CONVENTIONAL GOLD ALLOYS USING GAS AND AIR 1001266 WEIGH AND MEASURE DENTAL LABORATORY MATERIALS USING TROY

SYSTEM 1001239 FABRICATE ACRYLIC RESIN VENEER USING DRY HEAT CURED

ACRYLIC TECHNIQUE 1001247 INVEST WAX PATTERNS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURES 1001248 LUBRICATE DIES 1001254 POUR MASTER CASTS WITH REMOVABLE DIES 1001262 WAX-UP OR CARVE PATTERNS FOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 1001238 ELIMINATE WAX OR OTHER LUTING MATERIALS FROM SOLDERING

INDEX PRIOR TO SOLDERING 1001246 INVEST FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS OR CROWNS FOR

SOLDERING 1001249 MOUNT CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 1001250 OCCLUDE CASTS FOR INLAYS, CROWNS, OR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 1001251 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTIAL

DENTURE EQUIPMENT 1001253 POLISH ACRYLIC FACING OR PONTICS 1001258 SOLDER FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS USING GAS-AIR

TORCHES 100

A8

TABLE A9

ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE FABRICATORS(GRP046)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=7)

K296 FABRICATE ACRYLIC ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 1001294 BEND WIRE FOR ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 100K293 ATTACH WIRES TO CASTS FOR ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 100K301 FINISH AND POLISH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 100K305 PERFORM SOLDERING PROCEDURES ON ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 100K308 REPAIR BROKEN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES (ACRYLIC) 100K300 FABRICATE REMOVABLE SPACE MAINTAINERS 100K297 FABRICATE FIXED SPACE MAINTAINERS 100K304 PERFORM ORTHODONTIC TRIM AND DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 861302 FINISH AND POLISH ORTHODONTIC DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 861303 INSPECT ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 86K309 REPAIR BROKEN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES (METAL PORTIONS) 861299 FABRICATE LINGUAL ARCHES 86F146 FINAL FINISH AND POLISH ACRYLIC PRODUCTS 86K295 DESIGN ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES ACCORDING TO DENTAL

OFFICER'S PRESCRIPTION 71F158 POUR AND TRIM DIAGNOSTIC CASTS 71F169 REPAIR FRACTURED OR BROKEN APPLIANCES USING SELF-CURING

ACRYLI CS 71F172 SELECT ARTIFICIAL TEETH 71K306 POUR ORTHODONTIC IMPRESSION USING ORTHODONTIC BASE FORMER 57F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 57

F174 SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER 57F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 57F144 FABRICATE SURGICAL STENTS AND SPLINTS (TEMPLATES) 57F143 FABRICATE SOFT MOUTH GUARDS 57F145 FABRICATE VERTICAL BITE OPENERS 57H195 ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR PRDs 57A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 43F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 43F159 POUR AND TRIM MASTER CASTS 43E113 MAKE ENTRIES ON DENTAL LABORATORY PRESCRIPTION AND

CONSULTATION REQUEST FORMS (AF FORM 994) 43

A9

TABLE A1O

DENTAL LABORATORY MANAGERS(GRP056)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=22)

B29 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL OR MILITARY RELATED MATTERS 100C69 WRITE APRs 100C53 ENDORSE AIRMAN PERFORMANCE REPORTS (APR) 100A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS, SUCH AS STAFF MEETINGS, BRIEFINGS,

CONFERENCES, OR WORKSHOPS 100A24 SCHEDULE LEAVES, PASSES, OR TDYs 100A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 91A6 DEVELOP WORK METHODS OR PROCEDURES 91A9 ESTABLISH PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 91B25 ASSIGN PERSONNEL TO DUTY POSITIONS 91B45 ORIENT NEWLY ASSIGNED PERSONNEL 91C57 EVALUATE COMPLIANCE WITH PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 86B43 INTERPRET POLICIES, DIRECTIVES, OR PROCEDURES FOR

SUBORDINATES 86Al7 PLAN WORK ASSIGNMENTS 86C52 ANALYZE WORKLOAD REQUIREMENTS 86A2 DETERMINE REQUIREMENTS FOR SPACE, PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES 86C61 EVALUATE MAINTENANCE OR USE OF WORKSPACE, EQUIPMENT, OR

SUPPLIES 86A5 DEVELOP SELF-INSPECTION PROGRAMS 82B34 DIRECT MAINTENANCE OR UTILIZATION OF FACILITIES OR WORK AREAS 82Al ASSIGN SPONSORS FOR NEWLY ASSIGNED PERSONNEL 82All ESTABLISH WORK SCHEDULES 77C58 EVALUATE INDIVIDUALS FOR PROMOTION, DEMOTION, OR

RECLASSIFICATION 77B36 DRAFT OR WRITE CORRESPONDENCE 77B42 INITIATE PERSONNEL ACTION REQUESTS, SUCH AS ASSIGNMENT/

PERSONNEL ACTION FORMS (AF FORM 2095) 77A21 PREPARE JOB DESCRIPTIONS 77B40 IMPLEMENT SELF-INSPECTION PROGRAMS 77D73 ASSIGN ON-THE-JOB TRAINING (OJT) TRAINERS 77B48 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98250) 73B50 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB TECHNICIANS (AFSC 98270) 73A8 ESTABLISH ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES, OFFICE INSTRUCTIONS (0),

OR STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) 73D88 EVALUATE OJT TRAINERS OR TRAINEES 73

A1O

TABLE All

REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) INSTRUCTORS(GRP051)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=13)

F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 100F130 BURN OUT INVESTED WAX OR PLASTIC PATTERNS 100H223 WAX AND ADAPT COMPONENTS OF FRAMEWORK PATTERNS ON

REFRACTORY CASTS FOR RPDs 100H206 MARK INVESTMENT MOLDS WITH INGOT SIZE 100F128 BLOCK OUT UNDESIRABLE UNDERCUTS 100F127 BLOCK OUT AND RELIEVE MASTER CASTS 100H203 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs 92F136 DEVEST (RECOVER) CASTINGS 9211200 CHECK FINISHED FRAMEWORK ON DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS FOR

ACCURATE FIT 92H220 TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS 92H212 POUR AND TRIM REFRACTORY CASTS 92H199 CAST METALLIC DENTURE BASES OR PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORKS 92H221 TRANSFER DESIGNS FROM MASTER CASTS TO REFRACTORY CASTS 92F135 DESPRUE CASTINGS 92F137 DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS 92H202 DEHYDRATE REFRACTORY CASTS 92H205 INVEST WAX PATTERNS FOR METALIC DENTURE BASES OR RPDs 92F174 SOAK CASTS IN SLURRY WATER 92H219 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR RPDs 92H195 ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs 92H197 ATTACH WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS TO RPDs 92H216 SOLDER METAL FRAMEWORKS OR RPDs ELECTRICALLY 92H224 WAX DIP REFRACTORY CASTS 85H207 ORIENTATE CASTS OF RPDs 85H210 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON RPD EQUIPMENT 85F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 85H211 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON RPDs 85H196 ARRANGE ARTIFICIAL TEETH FOR RPDs 85F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 85H222 TRANSFER SURVEY AND DESIGN FROM DIAGNOSTIC TO MASTER

CASTS FOR RPDs 77

All

TABLE A12

REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) FABRICATORS(GRP039)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N= 19)

H220 TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS 100H203 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs 95F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 95H216 SOLDER METAL FRAMEWORKS OF RPDs ELECTRICALLY 89H200 CHECK FINISHED FRAMEWORK ON DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS FOR

ACCURATE FIT 68F135 DESPRUE CASTINGS 68F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 63H211 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON RPDs 58H210 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON RPD EQUIPMENT 58F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 58H197 ATTACH WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS TO RPDs 42H215 REMOUNT CASTS OF RPDs TO RESTORE VERTICAL DIMENSIONS 37H195 ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs 32F136 DEVEST (RECOVER) CASTINGS 26A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS, SUCH AS STAFF MEETINGS, BRIEFINGS,

CONFERENCES, OR WORKSHOPS 26H207 ORIENTATE CASTS OF RPDs 16H204 FINISH AND POLISH RPDs AFTER CLINICAL ADJUSTMENTS 11J282 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF METAL SUBSTRUCTURES 11H217 SOLDER METAL FRAMEWORKS OF RPDs USING OXYGEN-GAS TORCHES 11E123 RECEIVE SUPPLIES 11A23 REVIEW UNIT EMERGENCY OR DISASTER PLANS 11K305 PERFORM SOLDERING PROCEDURES ON ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 11F129 BOIL OUT WAX FROM MOLDS 11F167 REMOVE STONE TEETH FROM CASTS 11B46 SUPERVISE APPRENTICE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98230) 11F134 DEFLASK PROCESSED APPLIANCES 5F156 PAINT MOLDS WITH TINFOIL SUBSTITUTES 51243 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR CROWNS, INLAYS, OR FIXED

PARTIAL DENTURES 5K301 FINISH AND POLISH ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES 5B33 DIRECT MAINTENANCE OR UTILIZATION OF EQUIPMENT 5

A12

TABLE A13

REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES (RPD) SECTION NCOICs(GRP037)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=11)

H200 CHECK FINISHED FRAMEWORK ON DUPLICATE MASTER CASTS FORACCURATE FIT 100

H210 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON RPD EQUIPMENT 100H216 SOLDER METAL FRAMEWORKS OF RPDs ELECTRICALLY 100H203 FINISH AND POLISH DENTAL ALLOYS FOR RPDs 91H220 TI-LECTRO POLISH CASTINGS 91B46 SUPERVISE APPRENTICE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98230) 91B48 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98250) 82H207 ORIENTATE CASTS OF RPDs 82H211 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES 82F171 SANDBLAST OR SHELLBLAST APPLIANCES 82C69 WRITE APRs 82H197 ATTACH WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS TO RPDs 82D75 CONDUCT OJT 73F135 DESPRUE CASTINGS 73B29 COUNSEL PERSONNEL ON PERSONAL OR MILITARY RELATED MATTERS 64C57 EVALUATE COMPLIANCE WITH PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 55DSO COUNSEL TRAINEES ON TRAINING PROGRESS 55F138 ELIMINATE POSITIVE STONE NODULES 55F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 55H199 CAST METALLIC DENTURE BASES OR PARTIAL DENTURE FRAMEWORKS 55H195 ADAPT WROUGHT WIRE CLASPS FOR RPDs 55A3 DETERMINE WORK PRIORITIES 55B45 ORIENT NEWLY ASSIGNED PERSONNEL 55H221 TRANSFER DESIGNS FROM MASTER CASTS TO REFRACTORY CASTS 36H223 WAX AND ADAPT COMPONENTS OF FRAMEWORK PATTERNS ON REFRACTORY

CASTS FOR RPDs 36H219 SPRUE WAX PATTERNS FOR PRDs 36H215 REMOUNT CASTS FOR RPDs TO RESTORE VERTICAL DIMENSIONS 36D95 MAINTAIN TRAINING RECORDS, CHARTS, OR GRAPHS 36B43 INTERPRET POLICIES, DIRECTIVES, OR PROCEDURES FOR SUBORDINATES 36D88 EVALUATE OJT TRAINERS OR TRAINEES 36

A13

TABLE A14

CERAMIC PROSTHESES FABRICATORS(GRP128)

PERCENTMEMBERSPERFORMING

TASKS (N=7)

J274 CONTOUR FIRED PORCELAIN 100J278 FIRE OPAQUE PORCELAIN 100J288 STAIN PORCELAIN RESTORATIONS USING EXTRINSIC STAINS

(SURFACE) 100J271 APPLY OPAQUE PORCELAIN 100J268 APPLY AND FIRE OVER-GLAZE TO CERAMIC PROSTHESES 100J281 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF CONTOURED

PORCELAIN SURFACES 100J277 FIRE BODY OR INCISAL PORCELAIN 100J279 FIRE PORCELAIN TO MATURITY (NATURAL GLAZE) 100J269 APPLY BODY OR INCISAL PORCELAIN 863276 DEGAS METAL SUBSTRUCTURES 86J282 PERFORM ULTRASONIC CLEANING PROCEDURES OF METAL

SUBSTRUCTURES 86J270 APPLY METAL CONDITIONERS 86J280 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON DENTAL CERAMIC EQUIPMENT 71F157 PERFORM GENERAL HOUSEKEEPING TASKS 57J287 REPAIR OR REPLACE DAMAGED CERAMIC RESTORATIONS 43J283 POSTSOLDER METAL FRAMES FOR PORCELAIN FUSED TO METAL

RESTORATIONS 43B48 SUPERVISE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98250) 43A12 PARTICIPATE IN MEETINGS, SUCH AS STAFF MEETINGS, BRIEFINGS,

CONFERENCES, OR WORKSHOPS 43E113 MAKE ENTRIES ON DENTAL LABORATORY PRESCRIPTION AND

CONSULTATION REQUEST FORMS (AF FORM 994) 291252 PERFORM SELECTIVE GRINDING PROCEDURES ON CROWNS, INLAYS,

AND FIXED PARTIAL DENTURES 291251 PERFORM PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ON CROWN AND FIXED PARTiAL

DENTURE EQUIPMENT 291257 SOLDER FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE COMPONENTS USING OVENS 291237 DEPLATE (STRIP) CROWNS OR INLAYS 291225 APPLY AND FIRE OVER-GLAZE TO MANUFACTURED PROCELAIN PONTICS

OR FACINGS 29D75 CONDUCT OJT 29C69 WRITE APRs 29846 SUPERVISE APPRENTICE DENTAL LAB SPECIALISTS (AFSC 98230) 14F126 BLAST METAL SUBSTRUCTURES WITH ALUMINUM OXIDE 141230 CHECK FINISHED CASTING ON DIE FOR ACCURATE FIT 14A23 REVIEW UNIT EMERGENCY OR DISASTER PLANS 14

A14

A

II

APPENDIX B

JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR BASE AND AREA DENTALLABORATORY PERSONNEL

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