A.A09S 641 AIR FORCE WEAPONS LAB KIRYLAND AFB NM F/6 18/3

LAMB MULTIBURST CALCULATIONS FOR VARIOUS ATTACK SCENARIOS.MU)MAY 0 1 '. AUBREV, H J ABEYTA, E GIFFORD

UNCLASSIFIED AFWL-TR-79-200 NL... EIIIEEEEIIIIlllfllllllfl

IEEEEEEEEEIIIIIIIIIIEEEEIIEEEEEIIIIIImIIIEIIEIIE

AFWL-TR-79-20AFWL-TR-

79-200

LAMB MULTIBURST CALCULATIONS FORVARIOUS ATTACK SCENARIOS

L00

H. J. AbeytaICapt W. E. Gifford, IIIJ.W. Aubrey

May 1980

Final Report

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

THIS RESEARCH WAS SPONSORED BY THE DEFENSE NUCLEARAGENCY UNDER SUBTASK Y99QAXSG677. WORK UNIT BZO, WORKUNIT TITLE: FREE-FIELD AIRBLAST ENVIRONMENT DEFINITION.

Prepared forV Director

DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY4.> V Washington, DC 20305

AIR FORCE WEAPONS LABORATORY AAir Force Systems Command

Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117

81

AFWL-TR-79-200 -

This final report was prea;ed by the Air Force Weapons Laboratory, KirtlandAir Force Base, New Mexico, under Job Order WDNB4405. Mr James W. Aubrey (NTESB)was the Laboratory Project Officer-in-Charge.

When US Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for anypurpose other than a definitely related Government procurement operation, theGovernment thereby incurs no responsibility nor any obligation whatsoever, andthe fact that the Government may have formulated, furnished, or in any waysupplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regardedby implication or otherwise, as in any manner licensing the holder or any otherperson or corporation, or conveying any rights or persmission to manufacture, use,or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.

This report has been authored by an employee of the United States Government.The United States Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license topublish or reproduce the material contained herein, or allow others to do so,for the United States Government purposes.

This report has been reviewed by the Public Affairs Office and is releasableto the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). At NTIS, it will be avail-able to the general public, including foreign nations.

This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication.

ES W. AUBREY Jroject Officer

FOR THE DIRECTOR

GARY P. GANONG STEWART W. JOHNSOLt Colonel, USAF Lt Colonel, USAFChief, Technology and Applications Br Chief, Civil Engineering Research Div

DO NOT RETURN THIS COPY. RETAIN OR DESTROY.

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STALCULATIONS FOR VR!" I / J -ATACKU SCENARIO .. FinalAQ A ' f oG NUMBER

7. AUT"OR('.) a. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)

a w./hubrey @p, . T ?d 11H. J. beyta!-r

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT. TASKAREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

Air Force Weapons Laboratory (NTESB) WDNB4405Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117 62704H

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DirectorDefense Nuclear AgencyWashington D C 20305 136

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17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT oted h BIfe* 20 . I fro. Report)

18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

This research was sponsored by the Defense Nuclear Agency under SubtaskY99QAXSG677, Work Unit BZ0, Work Unit Title: Free-Field Airblast EnvironmentDefinition.

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)

LAMB system Reentry VehiclesMultiburst ShockOverpressure NuclearOverpressure Impulse

20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse side Ift necessary and identify by block number)

-?This report contains the results of 33 Low Altitude Multiburst (LAMB) calcula-tions. These calculations provide overpressure and overpressure impulse timehistories, as well as shock front velocities for 12 multiburst attack scen-arios. Yields of 1, 3, and 5 Mt were used in these calculations, with shelterspacing of 1000, 1500, or 2000 m.

DD JAN 73 1473 UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (*hen Data nto40r

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UNCLASS IF IEDSECURtITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOKQWho Data Enteed)

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAOEWbeu Data Etutend)

AFWL-TR-79-200

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 3

APPROACH 4

RESULTS 6

~ijAPPENDIX A 13

APPENDIX B 26

1, 1/2

AFWL-TR-79-200

INTRODUCTION

This report consists of 33 LAMB calculations (Table 1) and a description of

the data. It was written to provide overpressure and overpressure impluse-time

histories as well as shock front velocities for various multiburst scenarios.

The Air Force Weapons Laboratory LAMB code was used because of its fast computa-

tion running time and economy.

TABLE 1. tIULTIBURST PROBLEM MATRIXPEAKS

RV/Shel ter PRES IMPProblem Attack W'eld HOB Spacing (MPa) (MPa.s)

1 33.1012 1/2(a) 3 Mt 0 M 1500 m 3.5 2.42 33.1122 1/2(b) 3 Mt 0 rr 1500 m 7.6 1.93 33.1232 1/2(c) 3 Mt 0 m 1500 m 3.6 2.54 33.1142 1/2(d) 3 fit 0 m 1500 m 7.6 1.85 33.8001 1/3 3 Mt 0 m 1000 m 18. 2.86 33.8002 1/3 3 Mt 0 m 1500 m 4.8 1.37 33.8003 1/3 3 Mt 0 m 2000 m 2.0 0.78 53.8001 1/3 5 Mt 0 m 1000 m 30. 4.79 53.8002 1/3 5 Mt 0 m 1500 m 7.8 2.1

10 53.8003 1/3 5 Mt 0 m 2000 m 3.2 1.211 33.8012 1/3(a) 3 Mt 0 m 1500 m 4.8 1.412 53.8012 1/3(a) 5 Mt 0 m 1500 m 7.8 2.213 33.8032 1/3(c) 3 Mt 0 m 1500 m 2.3 1.414 53.8032 1/3(c) 5 fit 0 m 1500 m 3.8 2.515 33.1201 1/3(e) 3 fit 0 m 1000 m 9.3 4.616 33.1202 1/3(e) 3 fit 0 m 1500 m 3.5 2.117 33.1203 1/3(e) 3 Mt 0 m 2000 m 1.7 1.118 53.1201 1/3(e) 5 fit 0 m 1000 m 15. 8.019 53.1202 1/3(e) 5 Mt 0 m 1500 m 5.6 3.520 53.1203 1/3(e) 5 Mt 0 m 2000 m 2.7 2.021 53.6001 1/4 5 Mt 0 m 1000 m 15. 2.522 53.6002 1/4 5 M-t 0 m 1500 M 4.1 1.223 53.6003 1/4 5 it 0 m 2000 m 1.8 0.6624 33.6011 1/4(a) 3 Mt 0 m 1000 m 9.0 1.425 33.6012 1/4(a) 3 Mt 0 m 1500 m 2.6 0.6826 33.6013 1/4(a) 3 Mt 0 m 2000 m 1.1 0.3427 53.6011 1/4(a) r Mt 0 m 1000 m 15. 2.228 53.6012 1/4(a) 5 Mt 0 m 1500 m 4.1 1.129 53.6013 1/4(a) 5 Mt 0 m 2000 m 1.8 0.6430 13.1211 2/3 1 Mt 0 m 1000 m 4.8 2.231 13.1212 2/3 1 fit 0 m 1500 m 2.0 1.132 13.1213 2/3 1 Mt 2000 m 1.0 0.6433 13.1012 2/3(a) 1 fit 0 m 1500 m 1.4 0.84

44 3

$q

AFWL-TR-79-200

APPROACH

A uniform laydown of reentry vehicles (RV) over an evenly distributed system

of targets (shelters) was assumed. The ratio of RV to targets was used to des-

cribe the attack laydown pattern. Thus, attack scenario 1/2 refers to an attack

laydown such that there is one RV attacking each pair of shelters. The suffixes

on the various scenarios (e.g., 1/2 (a)) refer to the different laydown configura-

tions possible. Using this nomenclature, the 12 attack scenarios examined were

1/2(a), 1/2(b), 1/2(c), 1/2(d), 1/3, 1/3(a), 1/3(c), 1/3(e), 1/4, 1/4(a), 2/3 and

2/3(a) (figures are in Appendix A). Yields of 1, 3 and 5 Mt were used. Spacing

between shelters was 1000, 1500, or 2000 m. Bursts were numbered sequentially

as a function of increasing angle clockwise from 0* (top of page) and were

detonated simultaneously at ground level.

Stations were not colocated with shelters (which tend to fall on symmetry

points) for the following reasons:

1. The LAMB code underpredicts peak overpressure at symmetry points.

2. Perfect symmetry will not occur in MX construction.

3. Zero CEP is highly improbable.

4. Assuming zero CEP, simultaneous detonation and perfect symmetryare not operationally obtainable environments.

Thus, measuring overpressure-time histories at nonsymmetry points provides more

realistic waveforms for physically plausable attack scenarios. Stations were

placed 100 m from the shelter and 200 off a direct line between the shelter and

the nearest burst (Fig. 1). Three stations were required to define overpressure

and overpressure impulse-time histories for the 1/3 and 1/3(a) scenarios. One

station sufficed for each of the other scenarios.

stationpoint (Not to Scale)

$200

shelter point nearestburst

Figure 1. Shelter-station relation.

4

AFWL-TR-79-200

Test cases were run to determine the number of bursts to be used in each

calculation. These test cases represent the worst possible attacks (for the

scenarios examined) in terms of the number of bursts reaching the station point

at approximately the same time. The results of the test cases (Fig. 2 through

7) show that restrictions on the number of bursts in a calculation could be made

while preserving the siqnificant overpressure-time history at the station point.

All bursts which were within four closest burst-to-shelter radii of the shelter

were included in the calculations for the 1/3 and 1/4 scenarios. For economy,

the number of bursts was restricted to 12 for each of the other scenarios.

All the calculations were run to detonation time, plus 12 s. All of the

shock waves had passed over each station by this time. The shock front velocities

were computed in the following manner:

A shock velocity function subroutine, VSHCK, was called from

the LAMB code with height of burst, shock radius, height-of-

station point, and yield as input parameters. The analytic

expression used for shock velocity was obtained from the

Rankine-Hugoniot relation:

U c( 1 + I1 AP ) / 2

where

U = shock front velocity

c = ambient speed of sound

y = ratio of specific heats for air

AP = overpressure

P = ambient pressure

y = 1.4 was used for this case

The direction of the shock was determined by computing the angle between the

burst and the station in polar coordinates.

5

AFWL-TR-79-200

RESULTS

Overpressure and overpressure impulse-time histories are presented in AppendixB. The number associated with each peak is the burst number. The shock arrivaltime (s), shock velocity (m/s), shock direction (0), burst number, and burst range(m) are presented in tabular form. The attack scenario is presented at each over-pressure plot where the number corresponds to a burst point and the letter sdepicts a station point (Appendix A). Shock direction is equivalent to thebearing from the burst. As it passes over the station, the shock is travellingparallel to the bearing from burst station. Burst range refers to the distancebetween the burst and station.

6

I

TEST CASE

OVERPRESSUFE ". TIME

T R E+A!:; 2t, D00f-]E+02bfHcTF I .I LC, E+O2.j iEI dHT: O.

"13. 1 .2FBPC1BLEM - 13E. 101.

w1

I~I

9. 7.. 9. .I M T27

7I* :1

1_ 2t' ., XCDEL, '- -

I ,,* ,

Figure 2. Overpressure versus time-2/3(a) attack (with added bursts).

7

i i I , '1

TEST CASE

OP IMPULSE V. TIME

~ I AD IUS . Ci i: E 4 2 N

3d I THETR: - IHEIGHT: ij.5TRTIiIN NO.

i

T' "-,

.,-- ---.

E SE

aI /

PFA " RM -4DE ,' LUIP1C'0E/

/

.. r!l '

1 I

TIME v3EEI

Figure 3. Overpressure pulse versus time-2/3(a) attack (with added bursts).

8

TEST CASE

1, T-R

'Cl

I C.O r2CC

7~ C ID .FU,4 . .09 n 97TXMEf f-qj

PFLL M I,'l P I1PTCrl

Fiue4 vrrsuevru ie-/ tak(ihaddbrt)

II9

TEST CASE

jP IMPULSE "v"3. TIME

.'Fs -LI: . UC, fDE'-'2THETR: 1 .OOOE+02EGHEI 67HT: O, MSTPTION t-4.:PROBLEM 1 3.I21.:8

-TIM

-t

1 E-

TIME i':E

-- P- LE LrP. TI . -9H I--_. Z-r': ,

Figure 5. Overpressure impulse versus time-213 attack (with added bursts).

10

TEST CASE

O"ERPRE551IRE V5. TIME

T T= 7.O 000E+01DEC,-j] STRT I'N NIL

PR'SIL EM, z . 12 5:,2

7

II

II

I''

N:N

A-1

-\- ' -,

,, . (

" '., .. . .--

- ~ )1 ~ .IJ g.lJD 5.rn ., F.. 9.ZI ir'.:1 jI.'n3, Z2

R7JL LPMEB MCJEL LC;L[ LETLE3.

Figure 6. Overpressure versus time-1/2(c) attack (with added bursts).

ll

TEST CASE

OP TMPULSE VS. TIME ,

RH-D1Us -- 1. I00O0E+-,2MTIHETR: 7. bOCOE OiDEGHEiGHT:- 0.STPTION NO. -F'ROBLEIM 3 5-3.J2s

I /L /

; M1/

/

r.12

'I ,

L I /

S/

i /t" I I 1 I

TIME ISEC)RiFWL LRqMB ,MOOEL ICRLCULRTI ONS, P!,C8 ..,__.1 - ..,2 -.. ,..2-,2

Figure 7. Overpressure impulse versus time-1l2(c) attack (with added bursts).

AFWL-TR-79-200

APPENDIX A

The following 12 figures illustrate the various attack scenarios used in this

multiburst study. Included in these figures are launch points, aim points, calcu-

lational burst points and station points. The various attack scenarios are

described as a ratio of RV to targets. For example, a 1/2 scenario refers to

one RV attacking each pair of targets.

1

13

LEGEND:Launch PointAim PointCalculation Burst Point

0 Station Point

+ • + 4- • -

-4 • -t t . +

+ +-+ • 3 ED +

1/2(a) ATTACK

14

E8I

LEGEND:* Launch Po int+ Aim Point

Calculation Burst Point Io Station Point

*E E1* * * 9 99 o +-

* * ~. w *9

*~~ ~ -4-.

1/2(b) ATTACK

15

LEGEND:Launch Point

+ Aim PointO] Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

+

. .. • - * , + •

-t " 8 l * ... . .

* - • B * • l - "

I * 4- *4

1/2(c) ATTACK

16

|I

LEGEND:* Launch Point+ Aim Pointo Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

M --h ±r ~ E I ---E ED + 0 ID Ir i --

1/2(d) ATTACK

17

LEGEND:*Launch Point

+ Aim Pointo3 Calculation Burst PointO Station Point

+ E3 ± +

± 818

-PON

LEGEND:* Launch Point9 Aim Pointo Calculation Burst Pointo Station Point

++

1/(a ATTAC

* 819

'1

LEGEND:Launch Point

+ Aim PointC Calculation Burst PointO Station Point

* -t •4 - • • +- • * +

4-

1/3(c) ATTACK

20

LEGEND:Launch Puint

+ Aim Pointo Calculation Burst Pointo Station Point

+ + +* + 8R +

B8

ED EB

EB 93

* + •8 t-

1/3(e) ATTACK

21

*

15' -

LEGEND:* Launch Point+ Aim Point0 Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

F. {-1

1/4 ATTACK

22

V V I

LEGEND:Launch Point

4- Aim PointEl Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

F I

1/(a ATAC

234

LEGEND:Launch Point

+ Aim Point

o Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

+ t- +~ ~ .+

+ - b

+ + []±[] + .

+-- • - ± t - -

* 4 4-°

2/3 ATTACK

24

LEGEND:launch Point

+ Aim Point] Calculation Burst Point0 Station Point

* - . + + .

* ~ ~ ~ - 4- * - 1-4

* -r • l +:: - t•

+ *f 4-. . . .m EGF • *- .

2/3(a) ATTACK

25

AFWL-TR-79-58

APPENDIX B

The following figures are overpressure and overpressure inpulse-time histories

of the various attacks described in Appendix A. The burst number associated with

the overpressure peaks corresponds to the attack scenario burst number inset on

each plot. In addition, the shock arrival time, shock velocity, shock direction,

burst number and burst range are presented on the overpressure plots.

26

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SHOCK BURSTAT(S) VEL (I/S) BIR(t(EG) NO. RAN GE t 1)

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TEST CASE

LIP L!MPULSE V.S. TIME

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TEST CASE

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129

AFWL-TR-79-200

TEST CASE

IT 9.11 .T -

1/2(c) ATTACK (WITH ADDED BURSTS)

130

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DAT

F LM

L