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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Maritime Headquarters (MHQ)Maritime Headquarters (MHQ)with Maritime Operations Centerswith Maritime Operations Centers
and Navy Experimentationand Navy Experimentation
MORS Workshop: WG3 Methodologies and ToolsMORS Workshop: WG3 Methodologies and ToolsWilliam J. Startin, Ph.D.William J. Startin, Ph.D.
Second Fleet CNA RepresentativeSecond Fleet CNA Representative757757--443443--9850 x47313 / 9850 x47313 / [email protected]@secondflt.navy.mil
04 OCT 200604 OCT 2006
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
SOUTHCOM
PACOM
EUCOM
CENTCOM
STRATCOM JFCOM SOCOM TRANSCOMFFCFFC NAVSPECWARNAVSPECWAR MSCMSCFFCFFC
NAVSONAVSO
PACFLTPACFLT
C3FC3F
C6FC6F
NNWCNNWC--IOIO
SUB CTFsSUB CTFs
C2FC2F
NAVEURNAVEURNORTHCOM*
C5FC5F
NAVCENTNAVCENTC7FC7F
FFCFFC
* CFFC is assigned as supporting commander to NORTHCOM and STRATCOM (not COCOM). MOAsexist for PACOM and JFCOM to provide maritime forces (C3F & C2F) to NORTHCOM when required.
C3FC3F C2FC2F
***
*
What are What are MHQsMHQs with with MOCsMOCs??CONCEPT FORMERLY KNOWN AS GLOBALLY NETWORKED JFMCCs
Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188
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1. REPORT DATE 04 OCT 2006 2. REPORT TYPE
3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2006 to 00-00-2006
4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Maritime Headquarters (MHQ) with Maritime Operations Centers andNavy Experimentation
5a. CONTRACT NUMBER
5b. GRANT NUMBER
5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER
6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER
5e. TASK NUMBER
5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER
7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Second Fleet,1751 Morris Street BG D-29,Norfolk,VA,23511-9646
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER
9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)
11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S)
12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution unlimited
13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES MORS Workshop: Bringing Analytical Rigor to Joint Warfighting Experimentation, 3-5 Oct 2006,Norfolk, VA
14. ABSTRACT
15. SUBJECT TERMS
16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as
Report (SAR)
18. NUMBEROF PAGES
12
19a. NAME OFRESPONSIBLE PERSON
a. REPORT unclassified
b. ABSTRACT unclassified
c. THIS PAGE unclassified
Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
MHQ Concept HistoryMHQ Concept History
• 1999 JFMCC concept introduced to– Provide a capability
• prioritize multiple tasks with limited naval assets, and• conduct full range of EBO in a joint environment.
– Develop a process• accommodate simultaneous offensive and defensive
operations at the tactical and operational levels, and • allow the JFMCC to integrate all naval missions in the
littorals.
• 2000 NWDC* develops JFMCC CONOPS for Millennium Challenge 02
• 2003 NWDC presents draft JFMCC TACMEMO modeled after the USAF planning process (not endorsed by fleets)
* NWDC = Navy Warfare Development Command
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Concept History, cont.Concept History, cont.
• 2003 NWDC develops Sea Trial Campaign Plan– JFMCC as the context to establish fleet generated
requirements for manning, training, and equipping future maritime forces
• 2005 Navy Afloat Targeting Integrated Process Team (NAT IPT) workshop produces draft JFMCC Fires Annex for the TACMEMO
• 2005 C2F introduces Globally Networked JFMCCs.• 2006 NWDC introduces a revised version of the JFMCC
TACMEMO (3-32-06)• 2006 C2F introduces MHQ with MOC following Flag-level
conference, revising Globally Networked JFMCCs concept.
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Why MHQ w/ MOC?Why MHQ w/ MOC?• After-action analyses of 9-11, OEF, OIF, and Katrina HA/DR
identified gaps in C2 capabilities– Analyses highlighted limited ability to:
• Command in a dynamic environment• Rapidly identify necessary participants or communities of interest
across echelons for planning and response to crisis action• Provide consistent situational understanding at all command levels• Efficiently collaborate• Receive rapid feedback to assess and adapt to emerging
conditions and shortened planning/execution timelines• Demand signals / guidance:
• CNO Guidance, 2005 and 2006• SECDEF memo – Formation & Sustainment of JTF HQs, Feb 2005• National Strategy for Maritime Security, Sep 2005• CNO / CFFC Tasking Messages, 28 SEP 05• QDR, 2006 (especially Distributed Networked Operations)• Consensus of CNO Maritime Security Conference, Jan & Sep 2006• Naval Operations Concept, Sep 2006
Close the gaps at the operational level
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Ser
vice
Com
pone
nt
CD
Rs*
Sub-unified CDRor JTF CDR
Army
Marines
Air Force
Navy
Joint Task ForceCDR*Potential Navy roles
JFLCC
JFSOCC
JFACC
JFMCC
FunctionalC
omponent
CD
Rs*
* Navy CDRs in Joint Roles: (when designated by JFC)- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Navy Service Component CDR in support of JFC
Joint Force Choices
Joint Force Commander
Potential Joint Roles for Navy Potential Joint Roles for Navy MHQsMHQs
SECDEF & CNOGuidance
CNO & National Strategy for Maritime Security Guidance“Normal and Routine Ops”
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FleetManagement
Operations(MOC)
Designated Joint CDRs**:- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Navy Service Component CDR (SCC-N)
Navy ServiceFunctions
OperationsFunctions
Navy Operational-Level CDRs*: - Navy Component CDR (NCC-CCDR)- Numbered Fleet CDR (# Fleet CDR)- Principal HQ CDR (Prin. HQ CDR)
MHQ CDR
** when designated by JFC
Shared StaffFunctions
JTF CDR
Fleet & Ops Support
JFMCC
Service Comp* as assigned in Forces For…
NCC-CCDR
# FleetCDR
Prin. HQCDR
Functional Diagram - Not Organizational Chart!
Functional Model of MHQFunctional Model of MHQ
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Where MHQ w/ MOC takes the NavyWhere MHQ w/ MOC takes the Navy• More emphasis on joint expertise for Navy personnel
– Training in maritime view of joint processes (not just planning)• MHQ staffs trained and certified for designated JTF and/or
JFMCC staff roles• MHQs with MOCs designed with an operational perspective
– Numbered Fleets no longer function as “a major tactical unit of the Navy”
• Seamless ability to share information & knowledge across fleets for maritime awareness MDA/HS/HD (as permitted by Combatant Commanders)
• Common processes and procedures across MHQs for scalability & continuity– Centralized Guidance, Collaborative Distributed Planning,
Decentralized Execution• Organized to support operations for Combatant Commanders
across the ROMO without degrading Title X Service functions“Fleet Management” (a CONUS Fleet concern)
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MHQ w/ MOC ExperimentationMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation
DiscoveryDiscovery
Hypothesis Testing
Demonstration
Acquire/ Build
Fielded Capability
24 Months
18 Months
Spiral Development
MHQ Capabilities Portfolios
We are here
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMOC as Experimentation HubMOC as Experimentation Hub
MHQMHQ
MOCMOC
MDA
MBMD
Seabasing
Space
IO
CND
FLT Log
NOC Playbook
Joint Family of CONOPS
AIS
MHD
GWOT - D
FLT Mgmt
GWOT - O
NNWC
NNWC
C3F
Global Basing/Presence
Conc of Maritime Cap
Sustainment of Mar Cap
Control LOC
NNWC
C3F
C2F
C3F
C2F
Sea Strike
Sea Shield
C2F
C3F
FOR OPERATIONAL-LEVEL CONOPS
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Joint Maritime/Littoral Operations
Joint Force Projection
Joint LogisticsJoint IA/ IGO/ NGO CoordinationJoint Public Affairs Operations
Joint Net-Centric OperationsJoint C2Joint Battlespace Awareness
Joint Protection
Joint Force GenerationJoint Force Management
Joint Air Operations
Joint Maritime/ Littoral Operations
Joint Space Operations
Joint Information Operations
Joint Land Operations
Operational JCAs (Experimentation Themes)
FORCEnetFORCEnet
Sea Shield
FORCEnet
Sea Basing
Sea WarriorSea Enterprise
Inst
itutio
nal
Dom
ain
Func
tiona
l JC
As
Sea Power Focus Area
Def
ense
Sup
port
to
Civ
il A
utho
ritie
s
Join
t Hom
elan
d D
efen
se
Join
t Acc
ess
and
Acc
ess
Den
ial
Join
t Spe
c O
ps
and
Irreg
ular
Ops
Join
t Glo
bal D
eter
renc
e
Join
t Sha
ping
Join
t Sta
bilit
y O
pera
tions
Focus areas
Capability Focus of MHQ w/ MOC Capability Focus of MHQ w/ MOC ExperimentationExperimentation
RANGE OF MILITARY OPERATIONS
Sea Strike
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Orders
Guidance
Effects
Abstract MOC Functional ModelAbstract MOC Functional Model
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Orders
Guidance
Effects
Abstract MOC Functional ModelAbstract MOC Functional Model
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation CampaignMHQ w/ MOC Experimentation Campaign
(Process(Process--centric Framework)centric Framework)
Decision and
GuidancePlan Allocate
ForcesDirect
(Re-direct)MonitorAssess
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
Policy/ Doctrine/ Governance
Processes
Technologies
People/ Organization
Roles
Portfolio of Capabilities
Operational Level Process GroupsSense(Intel)
NC
CN
CC
w JO
A
JTF CD
RJFM
CC
Roles
SPIRAL 1 – Maritime Security Focus
Normal and Routine Shaping MHQ CDR as NCC or Numbered Fleet CDR
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
MOC Maritime Security WorkshopsMOC Maritime Security Workshops
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
ControlControl
MHQ CommandMHQ Command
Collaborate
Coordination
Team Interaction
Simulates the role played by Coalition partners and other possible nation-statesSimulates Interagency actors
RedRed
Future PlansFuture Plans
Future OpsFuture Ops
Current OpsCurrent Ops
Assessment Working Group
Assessment Working Group
MOC PLAYER TEAMSSimulate Maritime Operations
Center
GreenGreen
Tactical ResponseTactical Response Executes orders & plays tactical response
MHQ w/ MOC MHQ w/ MOC Maritime Security Maritime Security WargameWargame
Intelligence, Logistics, Shared Support
Intelligence, Logistics, Shared Support
Responds to Shared Support, Intel and Logistics RFIs
Provides decisions & guidance
At Commander’s request, develop long-range plans
Execute plans and monitor currently tasked forces
Prepare plans for execution by allocating and tasking
Analyze situation and assess I&W or other data to help CDR decisions
WHITE TEAMSRespond to MOC Actions/RFIs and
play all others
The Control Team oversees game play and ensures the game stays on trackRepresents those entities not represented on other teams, such as:
–Press/Media–The White House–Congress–Public
The Red Team provides adversarial actions in the scenariosConsiders actions that would be taken to threaten Blue
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
Lessons LearnedLessons Learned
• Allocate adequate time to plan events, and time between events• Use studies to clearly define processes in greater detail prior to
designing discovery/experimentation events• Workshops are best for discovery if highly focused
– Assess-Plan-Execute themes delivered some insights but tended to be inconclusive on details
– Broadly scoped workshops do not focus participants enough– Need appropriate stimulators (scenario and staff deliverables) to
drive discovery to decisive conclusions• Nontraditional “Wargames” are useful for operational-level
experimentation– Very effective to identify process gaps for further study– Controlled environment keeps participants scoped to operational-
level issues– Several isolated teams addressing issues/solutions may be very
helpful to sample “solution space”• Studies generate Hypotheses – Experiments feed Analysis
MHQ w/ MOC EXPERIMENTATION METHODS
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
NATOMOC(s)
UK
ITALY2nd
Fleet
COALITION
Combatant Commanders (Geographic)
3rd
Fleet6th
Fleet
COALITION COALITION
FunctionalNCCs & Prin HQsFFC, SPECWAR,
MSC, NNWC,Sub CTFs
JTF
NCC
JTF&
JFMCC
NCC
(Functional)
OTHERAGENCIES
M
D
A
COMM’LENTITIES
JFMCC
JTF
NCC
JFMCC
JTF
NCC
JFMCC
Core Functions, Processes and Systems Must be Common
ONI/NMIC
Globally Networked MOCs (TW07)Globally Networked MOCs (TW07)Global Maritime Information HighwaysGlobal Maritime Information Highways
OTHERSERVICES
USCGLANT/PAC
NUMBERED
FLEET
NUMBERED
FLEET
NUMBERED
FLEETCAN
MOC
INTELSTRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS
COP / UDOPINFO / DATABASES
AUSMOC
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEGlobally Connected Globally Connected AOCsAOCs & &
MOCs (JEFX 08)MOCs (JEFX 08)
Globally Netted
TRANSCOM
USFK/UNC/CFC
CENTCOM
PACOM
EUCOM
SOUTHCOM
AFCENShaw/AUAB
AFSOUTHDM
AFNEAOsan
AFEURRamstein
AFPACHickam
CONUS C2 Support Center
AFTRANSScott
SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt
TRANSCOM
USFK/UNC/CFC
CENTCOM
PACOM
EUCOM
SOUTHCOM
AFCENShaw/AUAB
AFSOUTHDM
AFNEAOsan
AFEURRamstein
AFPACHickam
CONUS C2 Support Center
AFTRANSScott
SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt
Air Forces Naval Forces
PACOM
AUSCANNZUKUS
PACOM
EUCOM
NORTHCOM
CFMCCTBD
C2FNorfolk
C7FJapan
C6FNaples
C3FSan Diego
NIOSC MOCNNWCNorfolk
PACOM
AUSCANNZUKUS
PACOM
EUCOM
NORTHCOM
CFMCCTBD
C2FNorfolk
C7FJapan
C6FNaples
C3FSan Diego
NIOSC MOCNNWCNorfolk
Globally Netted
TRANSCOM
USFK/UNC/CFC
CENTCOM
PACOM
EUCOM
SOUTHCOM
AFCENShaw/AUAB
AFSOUTHDM
AFNEAOsan
AFEURRamstein
AFPACHickam
CONUS C2 Support Center
AFTRANSScott
SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt
TRANSCOM
USFK/UNC/CFC
CENTCOM
PACOM
EUCOM
SOUTHCOM
AFCENShaw/AUAB
AFSOUTHDM
AFNEAOsan
AFEURRamstein
AFPACHickam
CONUS C2 Support Center
AFTRANSScott
SOCOMAFSOFHurlburt
Air Forces Naval Forces
PACOM
AUSCANNZUKUS
PACOM
EUCOM
NORTHCOM
CFMCCTBD
C2FNorfolk
C7FJapan
C6FNaples
C3FSan Diego
NIOSC MOCNNWCNorfolk
PACOM
AUSCANNZUKUS
PACOM
EUCOM
NORTHCOM
CFMCCTBD
C2FNorfolk
C7FJapan
C6FNaples
C3FSan Diego
NIOSC MOCNNWCNorfolk
Network USN & Coalition MOCs to USAF Linked AOCsto perform integrated operations
within and across theaters and regions
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
QUESTIONSQUESTIONS??
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEFuture areas Future areas
of study & experiment …of study & experiment …• Balance of responsibilities at different echelons?
(NCC MHQ, Numbered Fleet MHQ, CTFs, ESFs, etc)• Distributed staff concepts (e.g. MARCOLE series)• Scalability and augmentation plans (e.g. JTFEX)• What degree of MOC process & procedure
commonality is necessary across theaters?• How do you know that you know enough? (maritime
awareness, allocation of resources, ops assessment)• Building human relationships of trust across the
“global network”• Process variations across the range of military
operations (Humanitarian assistance, Small-scale contingency, and MCO contexts)
Strategic Level
Operational Level
Levels of CommandLevels of Command
Tactical Level
MHQs
Naval forces Other assigned or attached forces
ADCON COCOM
# Fleet CDR
NCC
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASEMHQ WITH MOC: SIMULTANEOUS ROLESMHQ WITH MOC: SIMULTANEOUS ROLES
JFC
CROSS-COALITION
CROSS-SERVICE
SUBORDINATE NAVAL FORCES
JOA Focus
SERVICESERVICECOMPONENTCOMPONENT
NCC
CNO
JOINT TRAINING
COALITION TRAINING
SUBORDINATE NAVAL FORCES
Theater Focus
MHQ
DAYDAY--TOTO--DAYDAYSERVICESERVICEFUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
ADCON
ADCON & OPCON
JFC
JOINT/ COALITION
INTER-AGENCY
SUBORDINATE NAVAL FORCES
Theater Focus
MHQ
DAYDAY--TOTO--DAYDAYTHEATER THEATER OPERATIONSOPERATIONS
OPCON
OPCON
Inter-Agency
POL MIL
SUBORDINATE COMPONENTS& JTFs
JFC
JTF JOA Focus
SUBORDINATESUBORDINATEJTFJTF
CROSS-COALITION
SUBORDINATE NAVAL & JOINT FORCES
JFMCC
JOA Focus
FUNCTIONALFUNCTIONALCOMPONENTCOMPONENT
CROSS-COMPONENT
JFCFleet
ManagementOperations
(MOC)
Designated Joint CDRs**:- Joint Task Force CDR (JTF CDR)- Functional Component CDR (JFMCC)- Service Component CDR (NCC-JFC)
Navy ServiceFunctions
OperationsFunctions
Navy Operational-Level CDRs*: - Navy Component CDR (NCC-CCDR)- Numbered Fleet CDR (# Fleet CDR)- Principal HQ CDR (Prin. HQ CDR)
MHQ CDR
** when designated by JFC
Shared StaffFunctions
JTF CDRJTF CDR
Fleet & Ops Support
JFMCCJFMCC
NCC-JFC* as assigned in Forces For…
NCC-CCDR
# FleetCDR
Prin. HQCDR
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UNCLASSIFIEDAPPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
v
MHQ CDR
NavyAugment
Joint/CombinedAugment
Normal & RoutineOperations
Major CombatOperations
Increasing scale and complexity of operations
“Normal & Routine Activities”
- Daily Operations asService HQ includingdistributed element
- Activation of Joint Force Operations- Desig. as Navy Component CDR,
JFMCC or JTF CDR
“Activated for Joint Operations”NCC-CCDR
# FleetPrincipal HQ
+ +
JTF CDRJFMCCNCC-JFC
MHQ CDRJTF CDRJFMCCNCC-JFC
NCC-CCDR# Fleet
Principal HQ
Fleet Mgt(Title 10)
MOC(Ops)Support
Fleet Mgt(Title 10)
MOC(Ops)Support
+Navy
Augment
Joint/CombinedAugment
NavyAugment
Requires Defined Augmentation & Fwd Element Plans
Chris Wagner
Chris Wag ner
Present or Potential MOC Forward Elements
Chris Wag ner
MOC Forward Element Deployed Locations
(as needed)
Distributed Staff
Chris Wag ner
Reachback Elements:
NIOSC, ONI, etc.Reachback Elements:
NIOSC, ONI, etc.
Reach
back Distributed
Staff
Distributed, Networked, ScalableDistributed, Networked, Scalable