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UncoverinG
g Electricity finally Some things
` controlled? are about to
go boom
Perfection in
Blood. Pg. 5
This is
lighting up
our world
WWW. By Karen Johnson
Have you ever used the World Wide
Web to do research or play a game? Well, if
you haven’t used the World Wide Web try
going to a local library and go on a website.
This is so amazing everything you need to
know all in one program. This makes things
easier and faster. Now you don’t have to
look and look in a text book for only one
answer. There is a reason for this time
saving tool. His name is Tim Berners-Lee.
In London on June 8, 1955 Tim
Berners-Lee was born. In his childhood, he
was a train spotter, learned about
electrons, and tinkered with his model
train. His parents are Conway Berners-Lee
and Marry Lee Woods. They were both
mathematicians but Conway was also a
computer scientist. Mary and Conway
worked on the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s
first public computer. Tim attended high
school at Emanuel School in Wadsworth.
One day, after school, Tim saw his father
writing a speech on the computer. Soon Tim
Berners-Lee and his father had a
conversation about the human brain has an
advantage over computers, because it can
connect to ideas that haven’t been linked.
Soon, this desire will become something
big.
He soon graduated high school and
went to college at Queen College in Oxford.
During college Tim built his own computer
out of an M6800 processer and an old
television. Berners-Lee graduated in 1976
and got his degree in physics. After college
Tim Berners-Lee worked with Plessey
Telecommunications Ltd, this is a Telecom
equipment manufacturer. He worked on
transaction systems, message relays, and
bar code technology. Two years later, he
left Plessey and went to D.G Nash Ltd. He
wrote among other things typesetting
software for intelligent printers, and a
multitasking operating system.
Tim Berners-Lee spent a year and a
half as an independent adviser. During this
time he spent a six month session at CERN,
Europeen pour le Recherche Nucleaire.
CERN is a particle physics laboratory located
in Geneva, Switzerland. At CERN Berners-
Lee created the World Wide Web in 1989.
He also made the first website at CERN. This
website showed the basics of the World
Wide Web.
On this journey to invent the World
Wide Web Tim documented what would
soon be the World Wide Web. He also had
to work on the technology to make the
World Wide Web accessible to other
people. But soon he realized some setbacks
to the World Wide Web. Thanks to his
determination he was able to overcome
these setbacks. The World Wide Web was
able to use for the first time in 1989.
Berners-Lee found three basic
technologies to the World Wide Web:
HTML, Hyper Text Markup Language; URL,
Uniform Resource Locators; and HTTP,
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.
Tim Berners-Lee did not invent the
Internet, but he invented the World Wide
Web. There is a difference between the
World Wide Web and the Internet. The
Internet is a big network of computer
networks and wireless devices, while the
World Wide Web is information that can be
found using connections that can connect
to other hyperlinks.
Tim founded the World Wide Web
Consortium, W3C, in October 1994. The
W3C is the main international standards
organization for the World Wide Web. Tim
became a Fellow of the Royal Society in
2001. Berners-Lee was soon knighted by
Queen Elizabeth in 2004. He won the
Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering in
2013. Today Tim lives in California.
In conclusion, the World Wide Web
is a useful tool. It saves a lot of time
answering a question or doing research.
Remember, if you haven’t used the World
Wide Web go somewhere where there is a
computer and search something you want
to know about. All of this is because of Tim
Berners-Lee.
***
Google, (2005). The Original Nerds. [Website].
Retrieved from
http://webdesignpi.tripod.com/lee.htm
Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website].
Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com
Google, (2007). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website].
Retrieved from http://www.thocp.net
Google, (2007). Fascinating Facts About Tim
Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide Web in
1991. [Website]. Retrieved from
http://www.ideafinder.com
Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website]
Retrieved from http://websearch.about.com
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The Structure of DNA
http://mashable.com/category/dna/
Life in a Double-
What?
By: Jessi Shan
Have you ever heard of a double
helix? Most likely, your answer is no. A
double helix is commonly known as DNA,
which carries genetic information in the
cells of a plant and animal. You've seen a
monkey bar right? Well the double helix is
the exact same yet twisted. How was it
discovered? It all started in July 25, 1920
the day a scientist was born and that
scientist was Rosalind Franklin.
Rosalind Franklin, born in the
wealthy West London with her family,
owning several estates, a five-car garage, a
country house with a complete tennis court,
and an adjoining farm house. Although they
were wealthy, there came responsibility to
give back to the community according to
the principles in the Franklin family. They
were traced back to their ancestor all the
way to King David up to generations of
English and eastern English Jews. Rosalind
was the second oldest out of five sibling in
the family born by Ellis Franklin and Muriel
Waley. Her father, Ellis worked at a bank
called Keyser Bank, then volunteered as a
teacher and later a vice-principal at a
society called the Working Men's College.
When Rosalind was nine she
became ill from an infection and was sent
to a private boarding school in West London
that her parents found for specifically for
physically ill and weak young ladies. At the
age of eleven in 1932, Rosalind was
enrolled at St. Paul's School a public school
for girls only that has an excellent academic
reputation. Staying at St. Paul's Girl's school
made Rosalind realize her love for science.
Four years later, Rosalind knew her passion
was science and wanted it to be her career.
Science was mostly anti-social work which
matched her personality and she enjoyed
scientific thinking and experimentation.
She was once in trouble when the
headmistress of St. Paul called her parents
in because she and her new best friend Jean
had been bullying Jeans ex-best friend.
Rosalind grew up in an unsettled time
which was the war of the Nazi Germany and
many Jews fled to England creating it a
worldwide depression. As years passed by
Rosalind took an examination at the
University of Cambridge in physics and
chemistry, she was placed first in chemistry
because of that Rosalind was offered
admission to both Girton and Newnham
Colleges for women. Rosalind decided to go
to Newnham to study science.
Rosalind was shy, intelligent, lively,
strict, logical, unsocial, quiet, and was the
happiest when it comes to solving problems
with resolutions. She was specialized as a
physical chemist which studies the reaction,
composition, structure, atoms, and
molecules working often for about eight
hours. Years had passed by and Hitler
wanted to destroy the British population
areas by bringing a force of German
bombers. Bombs were dropped daily in
London and some bomb landed in the
Franklin's West side home causing the
family to leave London and change life for
Franklin's school because most scientists
left the universe to involve in war research.
As Rosalind got older she came very
independent and was a British biophysicist
who was known for her best work on the
molecular structure on the virus, coal,
graphite, and x-ray diffraction.
Rosalind was also known for the
discovery on the structure of DNA which is a
double helix, the two twist parallel lines
that holds the DNA base on her work on the
X-ray diffraction images on the DNA. She
earned her PhD and bachelor before she
died of ovarian cancer in April 16, 1958
possibly caused by her exposure to
radiation while working on her X-ray
crystallography without getting a Nobel
Prize because she died before it was
awarded to.
***
Citation:
Polcovar, Jane. Rosalind Franklin and the
Structure of Life. Greensboro, NC: Morgan
Reynolds Pub., 2006. Print.
Chem Co. Labs
Where we make learning chemistry a blast!
Oliver Heaviside
Tug of War By: Victoria Cohen
On May 18, 1850 the inventor of the
Heaviside layer around the earth was
born. A person who started to paint
his finger nails pink and moved
granite blocks into his
house for furniture. Also
started to sign W.O.R.M
after his name. Eventually
this strange person would
invent the Heaviside step
function. This person would
soon be known by many as
Oliver Heaviside. Growing
up was rough with his
hearing impairment from
scarlet fever but he
overcame that challenge
and accomplished many. He
accomplished over 4 things
that would change this world forever.
He was a smart guy for going to
school only until he was 16. When he
was 13 he was sent to Camden House
of Grammar but soon left because his
family could not afford it anymore.
After he left school he self-taught for
a year then moved into electrical
engineering, mathematics, and
physics. He worked with telegraphs
for 3 years then becoming an
electrician. As he got older he worked
with vector calculus and Maxwell’s
formula of electro magnetism which
wasn’t that far from his vector
methods. Electro magnetism involved
forces pulling
towards each other
for example if one
object had a stronger
magnet then the
other, the first one
would pull the one
with less magnetism
towards itself like tug
of war. Later on he
would prove that
radio waves bounce
off the earth from
the sun and other
planets to eventually
have the Heaviside layer named after
him. Another accomplishment he
made was adapting complex numbers
to the study of electrical circuits.
Eventually inventing mathematical
techniques for the solution of
differential equations. What this
means is he changed the face of
telecommunication, mathematics,
and science. Oliver made many
accomplishments and discoveries. He
would of probably made more if he
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were not to of died so young (around
45). Oliver was a strange person but
unique and a genus in many ways. He
made so many discoveries and
progress with him life. Oliver
probably made more
accomplishments in his life that
people did not know about and no
one ever found out about. Oliver
never got married and never had
kids. He made many things happen
but never had time for a family.
Oliver Heaviside was later the first
person to receive a faraday medal.
Many believe he deserved this medal
but could have worked with more
people on the way. Oliver later died
at age 74 on February 3, 1925; he
was buried at the eastern corner of
Paignton cemetery near his father
Thomas Heaviside and mother
Rachelle Elizabeth Heaviside. Later
his grave stone was cleaned in 2005
by an anonymous donor. As some
people his recognition was gained
after death. Oliver Heaviside is still
remembered today and will be for a
long time to come.
]
Albert Einstein as a
young physicist
Thinking Big By Jev Tatum
Have you ever wondered about how our electricity works or how matter takes up space? These are things my famous STEM celebrity Albert Einstein studied and I will show you what great accomplishments he had in his lifetime. He has gone through terrible times with school but he did not give up he kept learning and he became a genius.
Albert Einstein was born in March 14 1879. He was born in Ulm Germany. Surprisingly, Albert Einstein was slow learning how to speak which set him back a little. He also was a rebellious child he got expelled. The names of his family members are Hermann which was his father. His mother was Pauline.
Albert Einstein was fascinated with math and science. Then he became a physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in 1935. He also won the Gold medal of the
Royal astronomical society. He also won the Coldplay medal and the max medal.
Albert Einstein is a famous physicist because he won the Nobel Prize in 1935. Albert Einstein was born to a middle class Jewish family in Ulm Germany. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize because he was very smart and he knew a lot about the topic he was doing which was physics.
Albert Einstein is one of the smartest person in the world. Einstein’s first job was working as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, Einstein had what came to be known as his “Annus Mirabilis” — or “miracle year”.
It was during this time that the Albert Einstein obtained his
Albert Einstein’s famous Equation
E=MC squared.
Famous Gourmet Pizzeria
Doctorate degree and published four of his most influential research papers, including the Special Theory of Relativity. In that, the now world famous equation "e=mc2" unlocked mysteries of the Universe theretofore unknown. Ten years later, in 1915, Einstein completed his General Theory of Relativity.
This is when Albert Einstein got
famous and everyone was talking about him. Einstein immigrated to the United States in the autumn of 1933 and moved to Princeton, New Jersey and a professorship at the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study.
Albert Einstein died 20 years later. He had a lot of accomplishments in his lifetime. I would say he was a very smart and successful. Albert Einstein
died in Princeton, New Jersey. He died in April, 18 1955.
Albert Einstein was a great physicist and a great mathematician. He uncover some of the of the world’s secrets now we will keep trying to find out the world’s biggest achievements.
Thomas Edison’s phonograph
When the sun goes down BY: Stan Ore
Have you ever wanted to read or do
something at night? In order to do so you
turn on the lights which comes from a light
bulb. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb
in 1879. He had also invented the first
music and sound recorder and player called
a phonograph in 1877. Thomas Edison was
a very important inventor and person in
America and the world. Thomas Edison was
born on February 11, 1847 and was the
youngest of seven
children. Edison only
went to school for 3
months then dropped
out to become
homeschooled by his
mother.
Thomas Edison
had hearing problems at
a young age and later
became deaf. Edison had
gotten married at the
age of sixteen to Mary
Stilwell and had three children. Mary had
died at the age of 29 in 1884 for unknown
causes. At the age of 39 he had married the
20 year old Mina Miller who was the
daughter of the famous inventor Lewis
Miller. Mina had outlived Edison who had
died in August 24, 1947. At an early age
Edison sold candy and newspapers for the
train station. After the train station one of
Edison’s first jobs was a telegrapher. He got
the job after saving a three year old from
getting hit by a train, what he did for this
job was he learned to become a telegraph
operator and then became one. In this job
he met a man who was also an inventor,
named Franklin Leonard Pope who allowed
Edison to invent things in the basement of
his New Jersey home. That
was the beginning of his
inventing career. Some of
his first inventions had to do
with telegraphing, including
a stock ticker. Edison’s first
patent was for an electric
vote recorder. What Edison
first became famous for was
his phonograph which
recorded things then played
what was recorded. After
the phonograph and many
other small inventions
Edison invented one of the
most used things in the world today. What
Edison had invented that is used so often,
but is taken for granted, is the lightbulb. He
invented the first successful lightbulb on
October 22, 1879. Edison had made many
different types of lightbulbs using various
materials. Edison also had a dispute about
which current was better, AC or DC
currents. Edison and his friend George
Westinghouse had discovered DC currents
which stands for “direct current “. Thomas
Edison had also made a kinetoscope which
was often put in arcades and would put out
little films for a penny. This was one of the
many motion picture inventions that Edison
had made.
Edison was not only a great inventor
but he was a great scientist. Sadly Edison
died on October 18, 1931 from diabetes
and had still been working almost two
months before his death. Edison was 84
years old when he died and had lived a
long, good, and happy life. Some of his
great inventions changed life for mankind
and will be remembered for a long time.
GET RIPPED, BRO!
Fake WEIGHt
13, 15, 21 By: Collins S. Castro
13, 15, 21. What do those numbers
mean? To Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev
those are three numbers that would
change his life forever. Growing up his
family had a business owned by his
father. When Mendeleev was just 13
years old his father died. At the age of
15 years old their business burned
down. But on a happier note when
Mendeleev was 21 years old he got his
first job as a scientist. Most people
don’t even graduate college until they
are 22. Once their business was ruined
his family needed a surefire way to
earn some money so Dmitri got a job.
His passion was always to become a
scientist. Unfortunately he was
diagnosed with Tuberculosis and that
cut his career short and also gave him
some obstacles to overcome but
nothing would stop the great Dmitri
Ivanovich Mendeleev. Mendeleev was
born February 8th, 1834 in Tobolsk,
Russia. Growing up he had 16 siblings
and his mother and father. In school he
was described to have an
“uncontrollable temper” and had little
friends. He was hated by all teachers.
His teachers would have never
guessed that he would be such a
successful human being and a well-
known and well liked scientist. Dmitri’s
family didn’t have enough money for
school so he walked from his home
town of Tobolsk with his mother all the
way to Moscow trying to find a school
that would accept him and that was
affordable. When they were turned
down in Moscow they traveled to Saint
Petersburg where Mendeleev was
accepted and his mother left him there
to live on his own as an orphan.
Mendeleev has won many awards for
his accomplishments (which he has
lots of). Some of his accomplishments
include developing periodic law and he
also created his own version of the
periodic table. His version of the
periodic table is the one we use today.
Mendeleev is known as the Father of
the Periodic Table. Periodic Law is
one of the most important things in
Unforgettable words ……… Lost in the winds of time.
science when referring to Chemistry
and science in general. He is also one
of the most well-known S.T.E.M.
scientists in the history of Science,
Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics. Dmitri was married 2
times. His first wife was Feozka
Nikitichka Leshcheva who he was
married to from 1862 to 1882. In 1882
his first wife died. He married his
second wife, Anna Ivanova Popova.
Mendeleev married his second wife
just 2 days after his first wife died. I
would not say that he married his
second wife out of respect for the
dead. Does that hint that he was
cheating on his first wife because how
could he have met someone, dated
someone, proposed to someone, and
married someone all in the 2 days after
his wife’s death? It remains a mystery.
Mendeleev also had six children. His
children were, Lyubov Dmitrievna
Mendeleeva, Olga Mendeleeva, Maria
Mendeleeva, Ivan Mendeleev, Vladimir
Mendeleev, and Vasily Mendeleev.
Mendeleev had 16 siblings growing up
and two parents making them a family
of 19 until his father died when he was
13 years old. Mendeleev died when he
was 73 years old from tuberculosis.
Dmitri was diagnosed with
tuberculosis when he was very young.
Even though Mendeleev is dead his
legacy lives on in the world of
Chemistry.
***
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By Bob Miller
Who was this Scottish Scientist Well,
who made anti-bio tic’s we don’t
know well let me tell you it’s a long
story but well get through it. This
Scottish scientist has studied
medicine and has discovered
penicillin. Did he go to a good college
No, Did he have a good lab to work in
no. Have you ever got really sick and
you have to take antibiotics? Well
thank the one and only Alexander
Flemming.
Alexander Fleming was a Scottish
biologist who was born on August 6,
1881 in Darvel United Kingdom. He
was raised in a farm near Ayrshire. He
was the 3rd among 4 children of
farmer Hugh Fleming. His father Hugh
Fleming had 4 surviving children on
his first marriage. But at the age of 59
he had his second marriage. Hugh
Flemming then died of a heart attack
when his son Alexander Flemming
was at the age of 7. Alexander
Flemming then went to Loundon
Moore School and Darvel School. He
then earned his 2 year scholarship at
Kilmernock academy before moving
to London. After working at a ship
office for 4 years the 22 year old
inherited some money from his Uncle
John Flemming. Alexander Flemming
older brother Tom Flemming who
was already a physician suggested
Alexander Flemming to follow his
same career. So in 1903 Alexander
Flemming intended St. Mary
Medical School in Paddington. He
then qualified with an MBBS degree
in 1906. Alexander Fleming then
married a trained nurse in 1915. Her
name was Sarah Marion. Alexander
Flemming discovered penicillin in
1928. That discovery has changed the
world because he literally created a
Alexander Flemming working in his
Labratory
Pii U
Better than the Pii
germ killer. His discoveries brought
new hope to the world by battling
new diseases. For his discoveries he
then became famous and then one
the noble peace price in 1945. But
sadly he died on 11 March 1999.
After his death His son Robert
Flemming followed his father in
medicine. After that Robert F
So in conclusion Alexander Flemming
was a wonderful scientist, biologist.
His discoveries has changed the
world. We are just very lucky he had
discovered penicillin or antibiotics.
Even though his father died when he
was seven but did that stop him No,
He kept working and believing that
he can do it. So because of his
determine and persistence. He finally
did what he dreamed of discovering
something that changed the world.
We will always remember what
Alexander Flemming did. So in all he
was a great scientist who wanted to
make a change.
+
Modern technology is great right? You are using it right now aren’t you?
Technology has advanced so much over just a few years. There are many
inventors that make technology but there are the companies that you probably
know. There is Apple, Dell, Samsung, LG, Intel, and many more. Intel is in a lot of
machines isn’t it? Let’s find out about the creator of Intel, what he was like as a
child, and how he became successful.
Early Life
Robert Noyce was the co-founder of Intel and Fairchild Semiconductor. He was
born in December 12, 1927 at Burlington, Iowa. He was the third of four sons.
Robert was always a young inventor that was curious and wanted to improve
things. When he was about 12 years old he built a boy sized aircraft. They flew the
plane off of the roof of Grinnell College stables. Robert really excelled in
mathematics and science.
Robert Noyce went to college at Grinnell College and got suspended for one
semester for stealing the mayor’s 25lb pig. Robert studied in physics and then
received his doctorate in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT).
Career
Roberts’s first job was as an engineer at the Philco Corporation at Philadelphia in
1953. His next job was for Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1956. Robert felt
like he was an under paid and wanted to start a business. He co-founder Fairchild
By Tim Jones
Semiconductor in 1957. Then Noyce wanted to start another business and this
business was Intel. He founded that in 1968 after he left Fairchild Semiconductor.
Robert and Gordon Moore were the founders of Intel. This was by far the most
successful company Robert has been a part of. Robert Noyce was not into fancy
corporate cars, reserved parking spaces, fancy office spaces, or private jets. He
did that to have a relaxed working environment. He left a good role model for the
future CEOs of Intel by declining executive perks. His total net worth was $3.7
billion. Robert Noyce then made a teacher scholarship program where it helps
students with STEM degrees get a master’s degree in teaching for K- 12.
Awards
Robert had won a lot of awards and
honors for numerous things. The
President Ronald Reagan awarded him
the National Medal of Technology in
1987. Then two years after that he got
inducted into the U.S Business Hall of Fame.
Robert also had received the Franklin
Institutes Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966. 12
years later he received the IEEE Medal of
Honor in 1978. Shortly after that award he
was elected for the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences in 1980.
Death
Robert Noyce got put in a hospital from a heart attack at his home during June 3,
1990 and then later died at the Seton Medical Center in Austin, Texas. He was 62
years old.
This was Robert’s
most successful
company
Charlie at the Home Front By Patrick Robin
Perhaps he smiled to himself as he surveyed
the great vats that contained the life-saving
blood plasma. He had come far since being
a child, but then again, many great people
before him had as well. He had worked long
and hard in his younger years, and now it
had paid off. And perhaps he now thought
to himself “I wonder what the boys back
home would say if they saw me now”.
The
man destined to save many thousands of
lives began his own in the midst of
Washington D.C. on June 3rd of 1904. He
was born as the first child and Nora and
Richard Drew. Much of his early childhood
was spent playing around the famed Foggy
Bottom neighborhood. Drew was a star
pupil and by the time he graduated in 1922,
he was able to win a scholarship to Amherst
College, where he caught an interest in
medicine and planned to go to medical
school after college. But upon graduating in
1926, Drew discovered that there wasn’t
enough money for medical school.
Nonetheless, Drew worked for two years at
present-day Morgan State University in
Baltimore, Maryland, to earn money. After
saving up enough, Drew got admission to
McGill University, in Montreal, Canada.
There, Drew won several degrees and
graduated 2nd out of a class of 127.
Afterwards, Drew returned to the USA and
began working on research of blood
transfusions, looking over past successes
and failures. At the time, there was little
need for blood transfusions. However, the
need for such a process was rapidly brought
into being when World War II began. With
massive losses, there were many in need of
such treatment. The concept wasn’t new, as
blood transfusions dated back to 1667 and
by Drew’s time, it was possible extract and
store blood for a needy person. Drew
studied the problems of this process and
decided that blood plasma could be used as
a substitute in battlefield emergencies. In
1940, the Blood Transfusion Betterment
Association brought forth a meeting that
concluded with plans to start a blood-
banking program to aid the Allies in Europe.
By this time, Britain was the only Allied
titan, other than Russia, still alive and
fighting in Europe, and with massive civilian
losses from the Blitz bombing, such a
program was desperately need. By the time
the program ended several months later,
Drew had collected a record 14,000 pints of
plasma, enough to keep Britain in the war.
Even then, Drew’s role in blood transfusions
Charlie in his lab getup and equipment
did not end. In February of 1941, Drew
went to talk with the Red Cross about the
looming chance of war with the Axis
Powers, and suggested that they gather a
millions pints of plasma in case of war. The
Red Cross agreed and for the next several
months, Drew directed waves of willing
citizens to the hospitals to give some blood,
and also oversaw the preservation,
extraction and storage of the plasma. Like
many of his fellow Americans, Charlie was
working at the Home Front, and Charlie was
in the war now. He was also engaging in
further research of blood plasma when a
great outcry over the blood transfusions
erupted. The leaders of the War
Department had decided to segregate
Caucasian and African-American blood for.
This fuss enraged Drew and caused his
resignation as assistant supervisor of the
program. Luckily, his blood-banking
program was able to continue without him.
Afterwards, Drew became an examiner at
Howard University, with many great doctors
passing through his classes. \
Oddly enough, on April Fool’s Day in 1950,
Drew came to an inglorious end when he
and three friends were driving back home in
Burlington, North Carolina. Somehow, the
car crashed, and Drew was severely injured
and died the same day, leaving behind four
children, a young wife, and a great legacy.
In the forty-five years that he walked this
earth, he saved thousands of lives, and it is
often said that the 50 million deaths of
World War II would have been much
greater if not for the work of Charles
Richard Drew.
***
Sources
Charles Drew Physician by Robyn Mahome-
Lonesome
Where we make learning chemistry a blast!
A Ray of
Radioactivity
By: Veronica Carol
She devoted herself to science.
Today we look at her as a role
model and figure of success. She
was a scientist who was incredible
in every way. She is dead but her
spirit lives on in the science world.
She is the greatest figure of
Success of Women in S.T.E.M fields
and a success all around. She was
truly a wonderful woman and a
Successful Scientist. She devoted
her life to science until she died of
radioactivity poisoning also known
as cancer. She is the greatest
impact on science and she is Marie
Curie. Marie was born on
November 7, 1867 in Warsaw,
Poland. She was the youngest of
five children in her family. When
Marie was young science and math
came easy to her. She spent most
of her time in her studies and
followed her father’s way of
science. She took after him in
physics and math. Marie had a very
educated childhood with two
parents as teachers. When she
went into college it was very hard
for her because women didn’t
have the same rights that they do
now. She went to a
college in Paris named Sorbonne.
She worked on her studies and
focused on school. She got a
degree in mathematics and
physics. When Marie was done
with college she started working
on radioactivity and X-rays. This is
Marie Curie devoted herself to science.
She loved science her entire life.
Begin your day with a
Now
half off
at all
ShoeM
where she met Piere Curie who she
did not work in the same field as.
They soon fell in love and got
married. She kept on working on
radioactivity. As she worked in her
field of science she began to make
major discoveries. She received
two Nobel Prizes for two different
fields of science. One of the prizes
was for Physics and the other was
for Chemistry. She was fully
committed to science even after
the death of her husband. She was
fully committed to her field and
always was. Marie Curie died like
her husband from radioactivity
poisoning. Her work exposed her
to viruses including cancer. She
died on July 4th 1934. In 1948 a
cure for her disease was made and
in 2010 and 2011 the organization
raised $31,800 for
patients with this
disease. She lived a
wonderful life and had
many achievements to
be proud of. Marie
died for what she lived
for and that was
science. Even though
she had a love of her
life she loved science
more than anything. She lived a full
life to be proud of and today
people know that she made a
difference in the world of science
and the world of women. Marie
Curie had many accomplishments
in science. She changed science
forever, but she really changed
woman rights and the expectations
of woman today. She was a strong
woman scientist that changed the
world forever.
***
By Perry Ellis
How did a traumatized adult get so
high in technology at the age of 20
when he could worry about his real
parents. Steve Jobs was adopted at
birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs. He
attended Monta Loma elementary,
Homestead High school, and Reed
College. He had seen his first
computer at the age of 12. From
there on he started to like
computers. His best friend Steve
Wozniak was a computer lover as
well and wanted to be a computer
designer.
Childhood
Steve had attended
four schools
elementary, middle,
high, and part of
college. When Steve
Jobs finished high
school he went on to
college and after six
months in college he
quit because it put too
much strain on his parents finances.
But he stayed around as drop-in for
another 18 months before quitting
school for real. In his child hood he
was partly traumatized for not having
his real parents. He was gave up in
adoption from his biological mother
which was an unwed graduate
student. So this means he was gave
up in adoption twice. Steve Wozniak
was Steve J. best friend and they had
met in college.
Starting a Career
Steve was in love with
computers and so was
his best friend.
Wozniak dream was to
build a computer with
Jobs. Steve W. would
go to Steve J. garage
and they would gather
microchips, wires, and
many computer
related things. When
they were in Steve
dream was to build a
computer with Jobs. Steve
Steve Jobs is presenting the iPhone
4s
W. would go to Steve J. garage and
they would gather microchips, wires,
and many computer related things.
When they were in the garage they
came up with a Blue Box and it was a
phone and you can call nation. The
next product the two sold was the
Apple I. It was a kit for building a PC;
one that the customer needed to add
a monitor and keyboard to before
they could do anything with them.
After the blue box they made the
apple 1. From there on they started
the company Apple and in the first
year they made around.
End
of
life
Jobs
died
on
Oct.
5 from complications of pancreatic
cancer. He had gone from 1976 to
2011 with Apple and made it win
many awards and money. When
Steve Jobs died he was surrounded by
millions of people that admired him.
Apple was worth an incredible 600$
billion dollars. At the end Jobs was an
incredible inventor and designer. He
had spent at least 30 years working in
the company and he had made Apple
one of the most recognized marks in
the technology industry.
Hour Made
The Carson Family.
A WORLD WIDE WRITER By: Vivian Miller
Now famous for the global
environmental movement through
her books and writings. She changed
how people felt about the
environment through her books.
Rachel Carson was an amazing,
smart, educated women
When Rachel was young she
would explore her backyard, places
like her neighborhood, streams, and
forests, developing a great passion
for nature. Rachel was the youngest
of three children. She learned nature
most from her mother, Maria Frazier
McLean. The smart scientist named
Rachel was born on May 27, 1907 in
Springdale, Pennsylvania. Rachel
grew up in a Pennsylvania farm which
led
her
to
nature. When she was only 11 she
published her first story in the St.
Nicholas Magazine. Her titles for her
stories are: “A Young Hero” “A
Message to the Front”, and “A
Famous Sea Fight.”
As Rachel got older, she
attended school at a Pennsylvania
College for woman (now called
Chatham College.) Rachel received
her Master’s Degree in the
Pennsylvania College she attended at.
After she graduated she held a
summer study fellowship at the
Marine Biological Laboratory at
Woods Hole, Massachusetts. She
then entered John Hopkins University
of Maryland and completed her
Master’s in marine zoology. Rachel’s
love of writing and biology earned
her a part time position in with the
U.S. Bureau of Fisher’s in 1935 as a
temporary job where she wrote radio
scripts on marine life. From 1936 to
1952 she became a full time
employee of the Fish and Wildlife
service moving to positions that
further polished her skills as a writer
and editor. Rachel was then writing a
lot more than usual. She than
became a famous and advanced
Rachel’s most famous book called “Silent
Spring.”
writer. Her favorite book and first
was “Under the Sea Wind” which was
published in 1941. “The Sea Around
Us”, which was published in 1951.
“The Sea Around Us” won the
National Book Award, selling over
200,000 copies. Rachel’s most
famous book is “Silent Spring”
published in 1956. The book “Silent
Spring” changed so much in our lives
and it changed how people thought
about global environmental
movement, this book was
documented about the dangers in
pesticides and herbicides. It also
showed the long lasting presence of
toxic chemicals in water and on land
and the presence of DDT. Rachel’s
family mattered a lot more. In 1956
one of Rachel’s nieces died, and
Rachel adopted her niece’s son. In
1958, her mother unfortunately died,
leaving the son in Rachel’s sole care.
Rachel never married. In April 14,
1964 Rachel died with breast cancer,
in Silver Spade, Maryland. After
fighting for a long time. Her
interment is situated at Parklawn
Memorial Park and Menorah Gardens
in Rockville, Maryland. Rachel will be
known for her talent, her books and
her writings.
G laxy
*Voted best
coffee in
town for 5th
time!!
Make your morning
astronomical!
OPENING THE GATES Written By: Dan Smith
Bill Gates attended Harvard University, one of the best (if not the best) schools in the
country. But he found himself spending more time in the computer lab than actually
studying law. He would wait until the last minute to study for finals, and barely pass with a
passing grade. He and Paul Allen were reading an Electronics magazine when they saw the
Altair 8800 Mini-Computer. They told the company that made it, MITS, that they could
make software for it. MITS accepted the offer, but there was one problem. Bill and Paul did
not have an Altair to work with. They both worked hard, one writing the software and one
making a prototype similar to the Altair. When it became time to show MITS the software, it
worked flawlessly.
Bill Gates grew up in a loving upper-middle class family with 2 siblings. The
environment made each child want to strive for excellence. Bill’s parents were strong
believers in the public school system, but they decided to move Bill to a private school
because he was extremely withdrawn and bored in regular classes. At this public school, he
excelled in Math and Science, doing well at Drama and English as well. When he was in the
8th grade, a computer company gave the school a teletype terminal. This is how Bill first got
into computers. He programmed a tic-tac-toe game where you could play against the
computer.
Bill First wrote software for a small computer company in Albuquerque, New
Mexico. It worked flawlessly, however, people were buying it and redistributing it for free!
Only about 10% of BASIC software users had actually paid for it. Bill Gates was angry at this,
and he called it immoral and wrong. The owner of MITS eventually sold the company to
become a doctor. Bill and Allen had to sue the new owner to retain software rights. Bill and
Allen then made Microsoft. Microsoft wrote
software in different formats for other
computers. Gates moved Microsoft to Bellevue,
Washington. With his business knowledge,
gates put himself at the head of Microsoft. His
company made 2.5 million dollars.
In November of 1980, IBM was looking
for a new software for their new computer-
The PC. IBM looked to Gates to provide them
with software. Bill didn’t have the basic operating system. He bought one, making
Microsoft the full owner of it but not telling about the IBM deal. Bill Gates had to make the
Bill Gates at an Xbox conference
new software work on the PC. He delivered it for a 50000 dollar fee. IBM wanted to buy the
source code, which would’ve given information to the operating system. Gates refused,
knowing that other companies would soon copy the PC (which they did).
By 1983, Gates went global opening up offices in Britain and Japan. Gates software
now had 30% of worldwide computers running on it. Bill Gates introduced Windows, which
would show text and pictures, instead of code. This system would be much more user
friendly, since it would be easier to use for newcomers. Microsoft went public, originally
starting at 21 dollars a share. Bill owned 45% of the 24.7 million shares sold. It capped off
at 90 dollars a share, making him a billionaire. Other companies saw him as a ruthless
competitor, such as IBM. IBM ditched the MS-DOS operating system that Bill was using to
make a better one. Rather than suck up to the pressure, He pushed on with Windows,
making Microsoft Office. It had all the things you would need in an office, electronically.
Bill’s new version of Windows sold 100,000 copies in its first two weeks.
Bill Gates eventually stepped down as Microsoft’s chairman. His personal wealth
capped off at 101 billion dollars. Bill Gates is still working on his company, and Windows.
He will surely make more incredible things in the world of technology.
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When apples aren’t
enough, pick a cherry.
In this world, are some of the
greatest inventions ever created.
Some are unknown. But some
have some of the greatest
advancements known to mankind.
For instance, the car. It helped
traveling get easier. Or the cell
phone, it made communication
easier. But today, we will be
talking about the tesla coil. This
lead to some major technical
advancements. Without it cell
phones probably wouldn’t work.
With the help of this amazing
invention, we can keep in contact
using cell phones. The tesla coil is
used in the largest telephone pole
in the world. The one person who
created this coil is Nikola Tesla.
Personally he is my favorite
scientist, but were getting off
subject. Nikola tesla was born on
July 10 1856 in Smiljan, Lika. He
died January 7 in Manhattan, New
York city. He had few educations
that where actually helpful in his
career. He attended Graz
University of Technology (1875-
1878) and gymnasium Karlovac
(1870-1873). He had a couple of
awards for a few of his inventions
which I will speak of later, but he
Had earned the Elliot Cresson
medal, the IEEE Edison medal,
john
Scott legacy medal and premium.
The inventions he had come up with
to earn these awards are pretty
hefty ideas. Some people didn’t
think he could manage half of them
because They thought only a god
could manage. But then he made
the tesla coil, which changed
everything. People started to
believe, but he still had to push
to earn the respect he deserved.
Some more of his inventions
where three based power, neon
lamp, wireless telegraphy,
alternating current, induction
motor, the remote control, and
finally, the tesla coil.
HIS FAMILY:
His family was pretty big, his
father was the leader of the
Orthodox Church he had a sister
named Angelina Tesla, a brother
named Dane Tesla, and two more
sisters named Milka and Marca
Tesla.
HIS CHILDHOOD:
Nikola went to a poly technic
school, he wanted to start on
mechanical and electrical
engineering. He grew up in
Smiljan Lika.
THE LIGHNTING THEIF
Nikola Tesla
SMALL BIOGRAPHY:
After Tesla finished his education,
in 1882, he moved to France
where he worked on electrical
equipment. In 1884 he immigrated
to the USA to work for Thomas
Edison. In 1891 he became a
official citizen of the USA.
A poached Chimpanzee
found in Gombe,
Africa.
Going Ape Crazy By Poppie Cole
Who is Jane Goodall?
From monster to gentle giant, Jane Goodall gave a
new face to primates everywhere. Jane, scholar,
primatologist, wife, mother, and still works hard to
keep the wild life alive.
Born in 1934, her dreams had begun young. At eight
years old, Goodall wanted to go to Africa. As she
aged, this dream morphed into a real goal. By the
time she hit twenty-six, Jane was on her way to
Gombe, Africa. She was on a four month adventure
to study chimps at Stream Chimpanzee Reserve
located on Lake Tanganyika. This was the onset of
her life long journey.
Loving her wild experiences in Africa, Goodall devoted
more and more time to the chimps, eventually
spending fifty plus years studying them. Goodall
believes the spot light should be on the chimps - it
was never about her. She cared for the chips, not the
attention and awards.
A Transformation
People saw the chimps as a danger, a threat. Once she
stopped treating the Chimps like a science project,
they became equals. The apes weren’t afraid –they
saw her as a part of their family. Goodall knew
these animals couldn’t be cold hearted. She had to
show the rest of the world.
Opinion or Fact?
According to Marianne Schnall, a
journalist who interviewed
Goodall, Jane believes in
studying the chimps, not
hurting them. She feels we
should have hope for the natural
world, not try and wreck it. Goodall dreams and
works for the day people stop poaching chimps, and
disrupting the wild life to build.
What is happening to our apes?
In the past twenty years the chimp population has
decreased 20% due to poaching, diseases, and habitat
destruction. Many chimpanzees
are orphaned by murderous
poachers, stuck in cages, or
chained up pets. The apes are
subject to a mass decline to
their species. In response, The Jane Goodall Institute
was founded in 1977. She created a safe sanctuary
for the chimps. This institute is a global non-profit,
that wants to save the apes, and educate the public.
Keeping Up With the Current
Goodall couldn’t stop at just saving the apes, she has
to show the public! Wanting to reach out to the
children of the world Jane started “Roots and Shoots”
in 1991. Starting out with only fifteen eager kids
Roots and Shoots now has Shoots now has over
150,000 children, in 110 countries all over the world
Roots and Shoots wants to
expand their knowledge about
the wild so when they are
older they can break
boundaries of today’s world.
Roots and Shoots aims to show kids the beauty and
science of the wild, and how magical it can really be.
“Roots creep underground everywhere and make a firm foundation. Shoots seem very weak, but to reach the light, they can break open brick walls. Imagine that the brick walls are all the problems we have inflicted on our planet. Hundreds of thousands of Roots and Shoots, hundreds of thousands of young
people around the world, can break through these walls. We CAN change the world!”
Goodall Changed the World
Goodall has accomplished a lot in her fifty plus
years of work. She taught the human race that we
may not be the only creatures capable of using tools.
Lewis Leakey, Jane’s mentor, writes “We must now
redefine man, redefine tool, or accept chimpanzees as
human!” Goodall found social and mental traits that
chimpanzees and humans share, proving that chimps
aren’t as different as we first thought. Jane is
finally doing what she has set out to accomplish,
now verifying her hypothesis, primates are kind and
loving animals. Goodall has done it, and chimps all
over the world are on their way to a simple life.
Jane Goodall is a world class scientist who fights for
what she believes in. Without Jane life for the
chimps wouldn’t be the same.
Goodall interacts
with the Chimps.
Still Going
By Karsen Romero
Elizabeth H Blackburn was born on
November 28, 1948. She does not have any
younger brothers or sisters. She also does
Not have any other siblings. Her family…
(Her mom,
Father and she) moved to
Launceston, Tasmania as soon as Elizabeth
turned four because of her father’s job.
In Launceston, Elizabeth attended the broad land church house of English girl’s grammar school.
Elizabeth started to grow older. As she grew older, she began to study Genetics and Molecular Biology. She loved studying that
subject. She studied it more and more. She eventually grew old enough to Move out on her own. She moved to a place in the United States. She began to look at good colleges, colleges with good genetic and Molecular Biology programs/ classes. Elizabeth
Looked at University of California, Berkley, etc. She decided to attend, The University of California. She then had to move across to San Francisco bay in 1990. Before that, she attended Berkley in 1981. That’s where she studied Molecular biology.
When she moved across the San Francisco bay to attend University of California. She studied genetics at the University of California. Elizabeth fell in love with genetics so much she studied it to become a teacher at a local college. During college, she wanted to teach at the schools she went to only.
Elizabeth started thinking about applying for the university of California, San Francisco schools, and Berkley. She moved
to the University of California towards the end of sophomore year in college.
After she was done with college, she started to teach at Berkley, then she moved to University of California, so she was all over California sense her freshman year in the united states. Elizabeth had been such an inspiration to some students most of the students she has taught, want to be exactly like her. Elizabeth has won many, many,, many awards. She has won over 38 awards sense she graduated college.
Elizabeth is married to her husband named John. Elizabeth is still going on winning award, after award, after award. Elizabeth has won the NAS award in Molecular biology. ( 1990 ) The Harvey award ( 1999 ) Dickson prize (2000 ) Heineken Prize, Lasker award , Elizabeth is happily living in San
francisco,california With her husband and trying to raise her only son .`Her son is in his
mid 20s and is living on his own while his parents are living happily together.
The new iDroid 21
When apples aren’t enough, pick a cherry.
The Merchant of
Death
By. Ester Luttrel
On December 21, 1833, a boy named
Alfred Nobel was born in a little house
in Stockholm, Sweden. He was raised
poor, not knowing one day he’d be one
of the wealthiest men in Europe. His
father Immanuel was an inventor, but
was lacking business skill. He eventually
went bankrupt. Alfred’s mother,
Andriette, was Alfred’s idol. Alfred had 3
other brothers Ludwig, Robert, and
Emil. During Alfred’s life he hardly
rested, despite being ill most of his life.
One day this magnificent man would
become an important inventor and a
world figure.
The bachelor millionaire, was just 43,
and was living the high life in Paris off
his massive fortune. In private however,
Nobel was uncomfortable with his looks.
He was a man full of self-hatred. He
didn't think he was worthy of a woman
and he thought he was very ugly.
Bertha, a destitute Austrian countess 10
years his junior, only worked for him for
a week before suddenly rushing back to
marry him. But their strong friendship
lasted until Alfred died in 1896.
During Alfred’s childhood he was poor
and couldn't get a good education.
Alfred was most interested in literature,
chemistry, and physics. His father
wanted his son’s to follow in his
footsteps and was not pleased with
Alfred’s interest in poetry. He decided
to send the young man abroad to study
and become a chemical engineer. After
the Crimean War Alfred’s dad
Immanuel’s business went bankrupt.
Everything was horrible until moving to
St. Petersburg in 1837. After some time
his business started doing well and he
could now have the rest of the family
join him. The Nobel brothers than had
private tutors the rest of their lives. By
the age 17 Alfred could read and write
fluently in 6 different languages.
Later he met a young Italian chemist,
Ascanio Sobrero, who invented
nitroglycerin, a highly explosive liquid.
Alfred became very interested in this
liquid. Alfred found that mixing
nitroglycerin with fine sand called
kieselguhr would turn the liquid into
paste, which could be shaped into rods.
These rods could later be inserted into
drilling holes. In 1866 Alfred got a
patent for the invention he called
dynamite. He got the name “The
Merchant of Death” because of all the
accidents dynamite caused. There were
many killed, one being Emil, Alfred’s
younger brother.
It took Alfred several years to write his
final will, which was dated November
27, 1895. In his will he left 31 million
dollars to fund the Nobel Prizes (which
is about 265 million dollars today. The
first prize was awarded in 1901. Since
then the Nobel Prize has been honoring
men and women from all over the globe
for wonderful achievements. On
December 10, 1896, this great man died
of a stroke in Sanremo, Italy.
The first person ever to win the Nobel
Prize was Marie Curie. She won the
prize in physics, and was the first
women ever to win the prize. You could
win the prize for: physics, chemistry,
medicine, literature, peace, and
economic sciences.
There has been a total of 889 Nobel
Prizes given out, 49 have gone to
women, 2 have been declined and the
youngest person ever to win a Nobel
Prize was 17.
The Nobel Prize
Caenorhabditis elegand
By: Savannah Maria
Nematodes?
Those may be pretty gross to others,
although, studying this invertebrate is what
Sydney Brenner is known for. Sydney
Brenner had researched developmental
biology. With all of his studying time, he
made those “nasty” nematodes into a
model organism. What’s a “model
organism?” you might ask. A model
organism is a non-human species that is
studied to research human diseases when
human experimentation shouldn’t be ready
to be used. So honestly, I think those
nematodes are pretty important knowing
that Sydney Brenner is known for this. He is
known for this also because he got a Noble
Prize in 2002. Himself, H. Robert Horvitz
and John Sulston won that award for
regarding gene regulation of organ
development and programed cell death or
known as apoptosis.
Sydney Brenner and his associate
discovered messenger RNA in 1961. Within
1961, Sydney and Francis H. Crick
confirmed their theory on the structure of
the genetic code. This genetic code was the
non-overlapping three genetic code. Sydney
Brenner studied bacterial genetics, so with
that knowledge, this was a big discovery.
The three genetic code was not just for
human genes, the key was also for model
organisms. The genetic code is very
important especially if you are studying
model organism.
Sydney Brenner was a very
intelligent child and is an intelligent
scientist today! Sydney was born in in
Germiston, South Africa on January 13,
1927. He would start to read once he was at
the age of four. He then attended fourth
grade at the age of six. Once he was 15, he
was enrolled at Witwatersrand in South
Africa, with a scholarship. During the young
years of Sydney’s life, he loved to
experiment many things, especially once he
was in grade school. Although, Sydney
Brenner was a very curious child. Sydney
Brenner was interested as a child, in
chemistry and favored to try things with
test tubes and other glass wear to perform
chemical experiments. He would perform
small experiments by taking chemicals that
was in medicine. Sydney Brenner’s field of
study is biology. During 1942, he studied a
lot of physics, chemistry, Botany, and
zoology. Sydney Brenner graduated from
biochemistry. Sydney Brenner is currently
Eighty-seven years old and works at the
Stalk Institute for biological studies in La
Jolla, California.
This is the three non-overlapping
genetic code that Sydney Benner and
Francis Crick discovered and created.
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