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Welcom
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Underwater
Communication
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Contents
Introduction Importance of UW communication Traditional approach
Technology in use Vector sensor Architecture of Ocean Bottom
Monitoring
Differences with terrestrial network Challenges SONAR
Applications
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Introduction
Underwater communication is atechnique of sending and receiving
message below water Typical frequency: 1 Hz to 1 MHz
Hydroacoustics
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Why using sound ascommunication medium in UW-
ASN? Radio waves Optical waves
Acoustic transmission is better suited towater than air
Speed of sound in water ~ 1500m/sec Speed of sound in air ~ 340m/sec
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Why is Underwater
Communication Important? Naval defence (submarines) Ocean exploration
Understanding natural disasters(tsunami)
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Traditional approach for
ocean-bottom monitoringUses sensors to record dataDisadvantages:
Real time monitoring is not possible. No interaction b/w onshore control
systems and the monitoringinstruments.
failures or misconfigurations may occur Limited storage capacity
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Underwater Networks
Difficult to Communicate because of: Complex multi-path propagation Small bandwidth and strong attenuation Low data rates compared to terrestrial communication
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Technology In Use
Hydrophone: Converts acoustic waves into electricalenergy, Cannot measure multiple scalar quantities, and
has Single Input Single Output.
Hydrophone
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What is Vector Sensor?
Measures Pressure + Y & Z Components ofVelocity
Single Input Multiple Output More Efficient and Compact Size Therefore Vector Sensor is much more better
than other receivers
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UW-ASN 3D Architecture for
ocean bottom monitoring
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Challenges
Battery Power is limited
Limited available bandwidth
Channel characteristics
UW sensors are prone to failuresbecause of fouling, corrosion, etc
Mobility
The ocean can be as deep as 10 km
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SONAR
SOund Navigation And Ranging Two types of technology:
Active SONARPassive SONAR
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Active SONAR
Active sonar uses a soundtransmitter and a receiver Principle:
creates pinglistens echo
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Passive SONAR
Passive sonar listens withouttransmitting.
Noise limitations
Dipping sonar deployed from aShip
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Applications of Underwater
Communication Seismic monitoring. Pollution monitoring
Ocean currents monitoring Equipment monitoring and control Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)
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ThankYou
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AnyQueries??