March 21 to 23, 2013
at Southern Sun North Beach Hotel, Durban, South
Africa,
Hosted and Sponsored
By
National Union of Metal Workers of South Africa (NUMSA)
International Conference on Understanding BRICS
Through the Prism of Energy: The Challenges of
Moving Towards Renewable Energy
COUNTRY PROFILE- RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
INDIA
Renewable Energy in India
India is well endowed with natural resources
India’s energy-mix comprises both non-renewable (coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas) and renewable energy sources (wind, solar, small hydro, biomass, cogeneration bagasse etc
The total potential for renewable power generation in the country as on 31.03.11 is estimated at 89760 MW. This includes an estimated wind power potential of 49132 MW (55%), SHP (small-hydro power) potential of 15,385 MW (17%), Biomass power potential of 17,538 MW (20%) and 5000 MW (6%) from bagasse-based cogeneration in sugar mills.
Solar
Driving factors affecting growth of Renewable energy
Imminent climatic changes
The demand for clean energy sources
Increased gap between demand and supply of electricity
Increased Transmission and Distribution (T&D) loss
No access to electricity (nearly 84,740 are un-electrified villages in the country)
Scarcity of fossil fuels and electricity generated from these sources is expected to be further expensive, inefficient, polluting and unsustainable.
Solar History
Solar-History Contd…
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar
Mission (JNNSM)
Joint initiative of the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy (MNRE) and Ministry of Power
One of the eight missions under the National Action
Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC),
20,000 MW grid solar Power, 2,000 MW of off-grid
capacity including 20 million solar lighting systems
and 20 million square meters (sq.m.) solar thermal
collector area by 2022
Implementation will take place in three phases—
Phase I (2009–13), Phase II (2013–17), and Phase
III (2017–22)—to achieve the target of deploying
20GW of solar power by 2022
Solar plants have high capital costs because of expensive input material and the high cost of components.
Adequate solar radiation levels for large-scale solar generation also require the availability of transmission infrastructure to evacuate power from the project location; large stretches of flat land, particularly for parabolic trough systems; and continual water supply to generate steam and cool turbines, in the case of solar thermal plants.
Solar technology also requires high precision–engineered components, such as parabolic mirrors and receiver tubes, which are not available locally.
Because of limited field experience and data, process standardization and quality benchmarks are not uniform across projects under preparation, with each manufacturer imposing its own standard.
The level of customization means that equipment has to be commissioned on a project-by-project basis, preventing manufacturers from enjoying economies of larger scale production.
The problem is accentuated by the lack of a learning curve and data gained from ground-level experience for simulating capital and
Financing options
User
Financing
Shared-Saving
RESCO-User
Bank
Facilitation
Wind
Wind -History
Policies:
In 2011, India installed a record 3019 MW of new
wind capacity (GWEC, 2011).
India’s policy and regulatory framework can be
explained in four phases as:
Phase 1: Technology demonstration and R&D (1981-
1990)
Phase 2: Economic liberalization and
institutionalization (1991- 2000)
Phase 3: Passing of Electricity Act, provision of
tariffs by the states (2000-2008)
Phase 4: New incentives and reinforcement of tariff
scheme (2009-2012)
Challenges
The policy and regulatory framework for renewable
is varied, India does not as yet have a dedicated
renewable energy law
The issues of grid integration, forecasting and
scheduling are becoming critically important to the
health of India’s wind energy sector
The power sector is plagued with structural
inefficiencies and reliability problems that create a
challenging environment for sustained wind power
growth
Financing options
Biomass
Biomass has huge potential in an agrarian
economy like India
Rural households in India predominantly use
wood and cow dung as fuel for cooking and water
heating due to lack of electricity.
Modern biomass energy is derived from organic
material and can be used in a variety of
conversion processes to yield power, heat/steam,
and fuel
Biomass is generally divided into three
categories:
Solid biomass
Biogas and
Liquid biofuels.
Solid Biomass Biomass resources in India are used for power
generation through three general applications:
Grid-connected biomass power plants
Off-grid distributed biomass power applications, and
Cogeneration via sugar mill and other industries
18000 MW of power can be generated from agro-
residues covering agricultural and forestry residues
excluding energy plantation in waste land and
bagasse available in sugar mills
Agriculture
Fisheries
Households
Commerce
&
Industries
Waste- Source
Waste Scenario and Collection in India
Primarily by the city municipality : • No gradation of waste product e.g. bio-degradable, glasses, polythene bags, paper shreds etc •Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts •Composting at some places
Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers) • Collecting small iron pieces by magnets • Collecting glass bottles • Collecting paper for recycling
• Average per capita per day organic waste generation is 250-300gms • 7.2 million tones of hazardous waste • One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year • Rs 1600 cr for treatment & disposal of these wastes • Industries discharge about 150 million tones of high volume low hazard waste every year, which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas. Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest
Current Waste Collection System :
Tariff by Regulatory Commission of different states for
Biomass Power /Cogeneration
I USD = INR 54.02
Biogas
Common Biogas Models presently being built in India
(Three of the biogas model presently being implemented by NGOs in India
are KVIC, Deenbandhu and Grameen Bandhu )
KVIC BG Model
(Main building material used is brick with cement mortar
and mild steel for gas holder)
Deenbandhu BG Model
(Main building material used is brick with cement mortar)
Grameen Bandhu BG Model
(Main building material used is bamboo with cement mortar)
Grameen Bandhu Model- Designed & developed by the Secretary
General (Raymond Myles) INSEDA in 1990’s.
Grameen Bandhu Biogas Plant (Fixed Dome Model with fixed Gas Storage chamber, built using bamboo
reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Completed Grameen Bandhu Plant (GBP) in operation at farmers house (Used for Cooking, operating Duel Fuel Gen-set, Mechanical Power for operating agricultural
machines & irrigation pump and digested slurry for organic farming)
Grameen Bandhu Biogas Plant (Built using bamboo reinforced cement mortar-BRCM)
Medium Size Commercial Biogas Plant
Biogas Flame Intensity
100% Biogas Run Gen-set
Bio-Manure Compressed Bio Methane Filling
Our 250 kg /day Project At MIDC, Waluj Aurangabad
Biogas based Distributed/Grid Power Generation
Programme is under implementation since 2005-
06
Biofuels
Biofuels are emerging as a renewable and eco-
friendly source of energy
Government of India has initiated several
programmes to augment production and use of
biofuels during the past decades
In India, biodiesel production is only at the nascent
stage, with about 95 million litres being produced
from jatropha and pongamia oil.
In the year 2010, the country produced nearly 1.43
billion litres of ethanol, of which an estimated 50
million litres of ethanol were blended with petrol
Policies
The National Biofuel Mission, launched in 2003 It has included several micro missions covering promotion of
large-scale plantation of feedstock crops in forests and
wastelands, procurement of seeds and oil extraction,
transesterification, blending, trade and R&D.
Ethanol blended petrol programme (EBPP) and
Biodiesel blending programme (BDBP) are the
integral parts of NBM and are aimed to initiate blending of biofuels
with transport fuels like petrol and high speed diesel on a commercial
scale.
The National Biofuel Policy formulated by the Ministry of New
and Renewable Energy (MNRE) was approved by the Cabinet
Committee in September, 2008 and was released in December, 2009
foresees biofuels as a potential means to stimulate rural development
and generate employment opportunities
Key Stakeholders
Power Stakes
Group/Individuals How can they help us?
How can they block us?
What would they want from us?
What do we want from them?
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) and other Financial Institutions/ Partner Banks
Concessional financing for RE projects
By not financing RE projects through high cost of finance
Financial support through for instance guarantees
Large scale financing of RE projects through concessional funds
International Financial Institutions
Source of low cost funds
This would be particularly helpful for development of large solar power plants with storage
Lack of support Helping particularly off grid initiatives and rural electrification efforts by providing debt funds at low cost
Developers/Investors (including foreign)
Implementing RE projects & programs
Innovation in business models for inclusive growth
Availing financial support from the Ministry but not implementing projects
Unfair practices
Sub-optimal monitoring of projects
Financial support
Conducive policy & regulatory framework
Implementing RE projects & programs
Innovation in business models for inclusive growth
Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
Spreading awareness
Fictitious NGOs spreading of misinformation
Financial support Awareness generation
End-users Large scale use of RE devices
Non cooperation towards usage of RE devices on account of:
lack of awareness
high cost
utility factor
Awareness creation. Cost of such devices being made available at the same cost or lower cost than conventional systems
Increased usage and promotion of RE systems and devices
Barriers
High cost of technologies
Current acceptability of end-users
Lack of implementation infrastructure
General lack of awareness of end-users
Quality and therefore reliability of equipment-
particularly for decentralized applications
Inconvenience of use of certain renewable energy
based applications vis-à-vis conventional means
Lack of availability of technical manpower
Lack of adequate transmission infrastructure in states
for evacuation of renewable power
Questions
THANKS
For further information
Contact:
Raymond Myles Secretary General-cum-Chief Executive
INSEDA (Integrated Sustainable Energy and Ecological
Development Association) C-37, Jeewan Park, Pankha Road, Uttam Nagar,
New Delhi-110059, India Phone: (LL)- +(91)-(11)-45025711
Mobile: +(91)-9212014905 and +(91)-9899094905 E-Mail: [email protected] Website: www.inseda.org and
www.inforse.southasia.org