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Understanding By Design
Grant Wiggins and Jay McTigue
Interpreted by Dr. Rich Hawkins and Dr. Deb DeLuca
Presented By:Laura Mastrogiovanni
Teachers are designers…or are they?
Compare and contrast the MM’s of teachers as designers vs. other design professions (architecture, engineering, graphic artists)?
The effectiveness of an architects design is client-centered. Effectiveness of a design corresponds to whether they have accomplished the explicit goals of their clients
Teachers are designers…or are they?
The effectiveness of a teacher’s design is too often teacher-centered. Effectiveness of a design (curriculum, assessment, learning structures) often corresponds to whether they have: Covered the required content Accomplished their goals Kept pace with their colleagues Scored a normal distribution on summative
assessments If we were to accept the aforementioned
statement as current reality, how might the aforementioned statement be modified?
Teachers are designers…or are they?
Compare and contrast the MM’s of teachers as designers vs. other design professions (architecture, engineering, graphic artists)?
The effectiveness of an architects design is client-centered. Effectiveness of a design corresponds to whether they have accomplished the explicit goals of their clients.
Standards Shape an Architect’s Work
What standards inform an architects work?Building CodesZoning CodesCustomer BudgetNeighborhood AestheticsSpecific Use
Standards Shape a Teacher’s Work
What standards inform a teacher’s work?Building Culture and NormsTenured v. Non-tenuredPersonal Autonomy Collective Bargaining AgreementPersonal ABBA’s Degree of SupervisionPre-post service Education
Standards Shape a Teacher’s Work
What standards inform a teacher’s work?NCLB IDEAState StandardsDistrict StandardsDepartment StandardsContent Standards (NCTM, MENC, etc.)
Factors That Influence Design
FacilitiesResourcesDiverse Student InterestsSocial/Emotional CapacityClass SizeDemographics
NOTE: These are influences, NOT EXCUSES!!!!!!!
NOOOOO EXCUSES!
“ …all the methods and materials we use are shaped by a clear conception of the vision of desired results (p.14)”.
“we must state with clarity what the student should understand and be able to do as a result of any plan and irrespective of any constraints we face (p.14)”.
“Find a way or make a way” - RJH
“If you don’t know exactly where you are going, then any road will get you there.”
If we continually focus on what we like to teach and the activities and resources we’ll use, without clarifying the desired results of our teaching, then how will we know whether our designs are arbitrary or appropriate?
Can you cite a time when you or your colleagues fell into this trap?
How do we…
Know our designs are arbitrary or appropriate? Separate interesting from essential learning’s? Know if it is just cute or does it count? Balance good instruction with the need to pass
“the test.” Balance Inputs and Outputs? Balance formative and Summative assessments? Inform instruction? Shift from content-driven or activities design to
results-driven design? (e.g. see p. 15) Shift from fact-based knowledge to
metacognition?
Crykees, we’ve got some work to do!
How do we eliminate hope as our primary strategy?
Design with the “end-in-mind.” Remember Vision, Mission, Guiding Ideas?
Answer the “why” and “so what” questions students want answered.
Focused curriculum planning Be explicit Transparent Priorities (no secrets!)
Remember Madelyn Hunter’s Anticipatory Sets? Prepare Curriculum like Floyd Football prepares for
every game Everyone has a SV, an innovative, customized game plan and
the TMT’s to make it happen!)
Framework for Strategic Leadership
Deep Learning
Cycle
Domain of Strategic
Architecture
ABBA’s
Skills and Capabilities (ppk)
Awareness and Sensitivities
Guiding Ideas
Innovations in Infrastructures
T, M, & Tools
Evidence
Relationships
Practices
PDSA
U.B.D. - Look Familiar?
Culture (internal)
Societal Forces(External)
Curriculum
Design
ABBA’s
Skills and Capabilities (ppk)
Awareness and Sensitivities
End in Mind
Innovations in Infrastructures
T, M, & Tools
Assessment
Relationships
Practices
PDSA
Three Stages of Backward Design
Stage 1: Identify desired resultsStage 2: Determine Acceptable EvidenceStage 3: Plan Learning Experiences and
Instruction
1.
2.
3 3
Is the Velcro working yet?
Stage 1: Identify desired results
Consider our vision and goalsExamine established content standards
(national, state, district)Performance Expectations
CurriculumTeachingAssessments
Clarify content priorities
p.18
Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Evidence
How will we know if students have achieved the desired results?
What will we accept as evidence of student understanding and mastery?
Evidence influences content and activities, not the inverse
Think like an assessor (archeologist)
Stage 3: Plan Learning Experiences and Instruction
Several key questions: What enabling knowledge (facts, concepts,
principles) and skills( processes, procedures, strategies) will students need in order to perform effectively and achieve the desired results?
What activities will equip students with the needed knowledge and skills?
What will need to be taught and coached, and how should it be best taught, in light of performance goals?
What materials and resources are best suited to accomplish these goals?
Stage 3: Plan Learning Experiences and Instruction
Specifics of instructional planning can only be accomplished after we identify the desired results and the assessments!
Why do we call this backwards?Because you are not free thinkers, probably
wimps, who are like lambs led to slaughter and will do things that the culture rewards rather, thus feathering your own bed, rather than use your common sense to benefit your students!
BTW, I say this without malice or blame.
The Logic of Backward Design
Applies regardless of learning goalsE.g.:
Starting from state content standards, curriculum planners need to determine the appropriate assessment evidence stated or implied in the standard. Likewise, a staff developer should determine what evidence will indicate that adults have learned the intended knowledge or skill before planning the various workshop activities.
The Rubber Meets the Road with ASSESSMENT
Three different teachers may all be working toward the same content standards, but if the assessments vary considerably, how are we to know which students have achieved what?
How common is this scenario in your school?
What are the unintended consequences of this phenomena?
p.19
Learning w/o UBD
Shared Vision?
Desired Goals?
This is the result of “coverage” and “activity-based” learning.
“hands on” without “minds on”
Oh Sh*&)(^&%$#@&)!
Coverage teaching is “Teaching by Mentioning It”
Coverage teaching typically relies on a test or textbook
Coverage Assessment is waiting until June and then hoping, praying and
saying multiple novenas
Learning With Vision (U.B.D.)
Shared Vision
Desired Goals
The Ideal. Remember Ch. 9 in PLC?
Results-based learning with an engaged mind
Reinforces the habits of mind necessary to minimize or avoid committing the “twin sins.”
Starts with the “Big Picture” and drills down to greater and greater
Multiple Templates One PageTwo PagesSix Pages
Backwards Design Templates (software)
Big Picture
Details
UBD 1 pg.Template “Gestalt”
Provides an overview of UBDEnables a quick alignment check
Assessments (Stage 2)Learning Activities (Stage 3)
Can be used as a review for existing lessons
Provides and initial design framework
One page Template –Stage One
Asks designers what they want their students to understand and to frame these understandings as questions
Identify Understandings and Essential Questions to establish a greater context into which a unit is nested
One page Template –Stage Two
Asks designers to consider a variety of assessment methods for gathering evidence of the desired learnings
Designers need to think in terms of collective evidence, not a single a performance task
One page Template –Stage Three
Asks designers to list major learning activities and performance tasks
When filled in, “WHERETO” should be evident to all What, Who, Where, When Hook and Hold Equip, Experience, and Explore Rethink and Revise Evaluate Tailored to learners abilities, needs, and interests
(differentiate) Organized
UBD Design Standards (p. 28)
Design templates are to curriculum designers as are scoring rubrics to students
Specify the qualities of effective units (see Figure 1.4) according to UBD
Standards contribute to design in three ways Reference Point Self-Assessment and peer reviews of draft
designs Quality control of completed designs
UBD Scope of Intelligent Tools
Templates (graphic organizers)Design StandardsDesign Tools
Innovations in Infrastructure
UBD Tools (TMT’s)
Designed around an array of scaffolds – PromptsOrganizers Idea SheetsExamples
See the Workbook
These tools help create “alignment,” consistency and promote common understanding
Theories, Methods and Tools
Read UBD in Action with Bob James
How might this differ from the planning process you use for instruction? What are your significant learning's, aha’s, or
wonderings? What are the implications for using UBD for:
You, as a teacher You, as a leader Your school Your district
Based on your current reality, in what area or discipline would UBD yield the highest leverage? Why?
p.29
The UBD Design Matrix (Figure 1.5)
Read left to right, one row at a time, to see how the three stages of design might look in practice
What does this yield?Greater coherence (alignment) among
desired results, key performances (assessments), and teaching and learning experiences, resulting in better student performance – the purpose of design!