PowerPoint Presentation

Understanding Community-Academic PartnershipsModule 1

TopicsCommunityCommunity-Engaged ResearchCommunity-Based Participatory ResearchRelevance to PEER

Understanding Community-Academic PartnershipsWhy is this important?

How is it relevant to me and my organization?

CommunityA group of people...

Linked by social ties

Sharing common perspectives or interests

Who may or may not share a geographic locationDuke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/Community Members share a Common Characteristic or GoalExamples:Common culture or ethnic heritageWhere they liveSimilar ageSpeak the same languageReligion

Communities are not homogeneous and seldom speak with one voiceDuke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/Composition of Communities in Community Engaged ResearchA community is typically comprised of: community leaders community organizations and agencies community members

*These groups are outside of academia

These groups represent different aspects of a community and are likely to have different perspectivesDuke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/Community-Engaged ResearchBased on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) working definition of community-engaged research:

the process of working collaboratively with and through groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, or similar situations to address issues affecting the wellbeing of those people.HistoryAction Research: process of communities identifying their problems, planning, taking action, and then evaluating the results (Lewin, 1940s)Empowerment Education: emphasizes the equality of teachers and learners and the co-learning process (learning from each other) (Freire, 1970s)Incorporates principles of social justice and empowerment for marginalized communitiesDuke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/Community-Engaged ResearchA framework or approach for conducting research, rather than a research methodMay be used with both qualitative and quantitative methodsRecognizes and builds on community strengthsCharacterized by principles that guide the researchRequires partnership development

Duke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/What do community organizations bring to community-engaged research?

What do PEER fellows and their agencies bring that complements the faculty knowledge?What Community Organizations bring to Community-Engaged ResearchCommunity-based organizations have critical, useful and intimate understandings of the concerns, values, assets and activities in their communities. When CBOs are engaged as partners in research, they bring these perspectives to help shape and refine study questions, implementation strategies, and data collection plans. CBOs play an important role identifying how the study results may be applied to practice, and how the results can be used to shape future research directions. www.ctsi.ucsf.edu/communityWhat Academics bring to Community-Engaged ResearchWhat do the academics bring to the table?Whats in a name?community-engaged research*community-based participatory research (CBPR)*community-based research community-partnered participatory researchaction researchparticipatory researchmutual inquiry community-academic collaborative researchLively academic debate over the terms and approach experts in the field have difficulty describing the differences which are sometimes subtle13Spectrum of Community-Engaged ResearchMore Intensive: Collaborating fully in all aspects of research, including defining study questions, writing the proposal, implementing the research project, analyzing the results and disseminating the findings (CBPR)Moderately Intensive: Assisting with researcher-designed study; participant recruitment, data collection, providing feedback on aspects of study design & findingsLess Intensive: Assisting in discrete steps of a researcher-designed study, such as participant recruitment

www.ctsi.ucsf.edu/communityCommunity-Engaged ResearchMore Intensive (CBPR): HIV prevention researchers collaborated with a group of sex workers in South Africa to co-develop an intervention these women could realistically use to protect themselves from contracting HIV. The sex workers collaborated with researchers to develop and implement a peer education program which provided information on protection methods they could use without losing customers and earnings.

Moderately Intensive: Beginning in the late 1980s at the Hispanic Health Council in Connecticut, anthropologists obtained community input in developing programs and designing services for injection drug users, pregnant women, and teens in the local Spanish speaking community.

Less Intensive: A needle exchange program was developed by academic investigators in New York City. Community members were hired to recruit participants into the program. Singer M. 1993Campbell C. 2001Israel BA, et al 1998Wallerstein N, Duran B. 2003Duke Center for Community Researchhttp://www.dtmi.duke.edu/dccr/community-linked-research/15What is Community-Based Participatory Research (CPBR)?CBPR is a collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings. CBPR begins with a research topic of importance to the community with the aim of combining knowledge and action for social change to improve community health and eliminate health disparities. Full collaboration in all aspects of research, including defining study questions, writing the proposal, implementing the research project, analyzing the results and disseminating the findings

W.K. Kellogg Foundations Community Health Scholars Program (2001) Let me first re-state that CBPR is an approach or orientation to research. It is not a method.

CBPR was predated by several streams of applied research, and without getting into the details of that evolution, CBPR has become a term used to describe a continuum of approaches all of which have 3 things in common; participation, research and action.

This is the Kellogg Foundation Health Scholars definition of CBPR in the health field....

16CBPR emphasizesMutual respectCo-learningIndividual and community capacity buildingBalance between research and actionIsrael, Schulz, Parker, and Becker 199817Principles of CBPRBuilds on community strengths and resources Facilitates collaborative, equitable partnership in all research phases and involves an empowering and power-sharing process

Barbara Israel together with her academic and community partners have described 9 core principles of CBPR. University of Michigan Urban Research Center

The 9 principles drive the spirit of the research whereby rigorous science can be applied appropriately and therefore more successfully with underserved communities, leading to more successful interventions addressing health disparities.18Principles of CBPREmphasizes public health problems of local relevance and acknowledges multiple determinants of health and diseaseDisseminates findings and knowledge to all partners

What CBPR is notStudies where participants merely come from the communityUnengaged venue for recruiting subjects for clinical trials

Flip side.moving away from traditional approaches to research20Benefits of CBPREnhances relevance of research questions to the communitiesEnhances reliability and validity of measurement instrumentsImproves response ratesEnhances recruitment and retentionStrengthens interventions by incorporating cultural beliefs into scientifically valid approachesCBPR has endorsement of NIH.21Benefits of CBPRIncreases accurate and culturally sensitive interpretation of findings Facilitates effective dissemination of findings to impact public health and policyIncreases translation of evidence-based research into sustainable community changeProvides resources and benefits to communitiesJoins partners with diverse expertiseIncreases research trust

Why does PEER use the CBPR framework?CBPR and PEERPEERSeeks to develop the capacity of your organization and the capacity of academics to fully collaborate in community-engaged researchOffers an opportunity for academics and community-based organizations to engage together in a guided, facilitated, systematic programUses an applied learning approachCapacity of your organization will be increased through your dissemination of CBPR, research methods, research study progress/findings,

Thank You

VideosWatch two videos of CBPR one from a researcherperspective and one from the community perspective

http://vimeo.com/35427319http://videos.med.wisc.edu/videos/6668

The videos are being edited down to about 15 20 minutes each.26What was the most important message for you from each video?

What was the most surprising thing you learned from each video?

Did the videos bring up important topics or issues (for fellows, organizations, or faculty partners) that you might encounter during PEER?