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Understanding drugs & Understanding drugs & medicinesmedicines
Chapter 9.1 Key TermsChapter 9.1 Key Terms ______________________________- any substance that causes a
change in a person’s physical or psychological state
Medicine- Medicine- any any drug used to ____________________ used to ____________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Side effect- Side effect- an effect that is caused by a drug &
that is different from the drug’s intended effect ________________________- ________________________- written order written order
from a doctor for a specific medicinefrom a doctor for a specific medicine Over the counter medicine- Over the counter medicine-
______________ ____________________________________________________________________________
3 qualities of a medicine3 qualities of a medicine
____________________________________________ Safety- Safety- when used as directed ______________________________________________
Drugs of AbuseDrugs of Abuse
Drugs that people Drugs that people take for take for ________________________________
________________________________________
________________________________________
Ex. – ______________,Ex. – ______________,
___________________, ___________________, marijuanamarijuana
Types of medicinesTypes of medicines Antibiotic- Antibiotic- ___________________________ ______________________- ______________________- increases alertness;
helps people with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to focus their attention
Anti-anxiety- Anti-anxiety- helps people who are excessively __________________________ to calm down
____________________- ____________________- Prevents infections in people exposed to the infectious agent
____________________- ____________________- causes sleepiness
6 ways drugs enter the 6 ways drugs enter the bodybody
Implanted pumps- Implanted pumps- surgically implanted pumps that inject drugs into specific part of the body
Inhalation- Inhalation- inhaled into the lungs _______________________- _______________________- needle ___________________________- ___________________________- patches
placed on skin Ingestion- Ingestion- swallowed ____________________________- ____________________________- lotions
absorbed through the skin
Chapter 9.2 Key Terms Chapter 9.2 Key Terms Psychoactive- Psychoactive- a drug or medicine that
affects the ___________________& changes how a person perceives, thinks, or feels
___________________________- ___________________________- medicine made by a company other that the company that developed the original medicine
____________________________- ____________________________- chemical component that gives a medicine its action
____________________________- ____________________________- when a drug reacts with another drug, food, or dietary supplement such that the effect of one of the substances is greater or smaller
Testing a drugTesting a drug
Laboratory tests- Laboratory tests- chemical tests or tests on cell cultures
________________________________________________ Human volunteersHuman volunteers ________________________________________________ (FDA) Food & Drug (FDA) Food & Drug
Administration- approval or Administration- approval or rejectionrejection
Information on a Information on a prescriptionprescription
________________ ________________ (how much of the medicine should be taken)
When you should When you should take the medicinetake the medicine
______________________________________
__________________________________________ Length of time you Length of time you
should take the should take the medicinemedicine
Misuse v/s Abuse of Misuse v/s Abuse of Prescription MedicinesPrescription Medicines
Misuse- using a Misuse- using a prescription prescription medication that medication that does not _________does not _________
________________________________________ May not have the May not have the
same illnesssame illness Strength of medicine Strength of medicine
may be may be ____________________________________
__________________________________________
Abuse- taking Abuse- taking medicine when it is medicine when it is not needed, taking not needed, taking too much too much medicine, or medicine, or mixing more than mixing more than one kind of one kind of medicinemedicine
Choosing an Over the Choosing an Over the counter (OTC) medicinecounter (OTC) medicine
Decide what kind of OTC will work Decide what kind of OTC will work for youfor you
Decide whether you want Decide whether you want __________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________
Possible problems with Possible problems with medicinesmedicines
______________________________________ Anaphylactic shockAnaphylactic shock
____________________________________ Aspirin, ibuprofen- Aspirin, ibuprofen-
damage to the damage to the lining of the lining of the stomach (ulcers)stomach (ulcers)
______________________________________
Anaphylactic Shock Anaphylactic Shock symptomssymptoms
____________________________________________________________________________
Swelling, especially Swelling, especially in the in the ______________________________________
Wheezing or Wheezing or difficulty in breathingdifficulty in breathing
A pounding heartA pounding heart Fainting & Fainting &
unconsciousnessunconsciousness
Chapter 9.3 Key TermsChapter 9.3 Key Terms __________________________- __________________________- condition in which a person condition in which a person
can no longer control his or her drug usecan no longer control his or her drug use _____________________________- _____________________________- condition in which a user condition in which a user
needs more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when needs more of a drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drugfirst using the drug
Physical Dependence- Physical Dependence- state in which the state in which the ________________ relies on a given drug in order to ________________ relies on a given drug in order to functionfunction
Psychological Dependence- Psychological Dependence- state of state of ________________________________________
______________________ needing a drug in order to ______________________ needing a drug in order to functionfunction
Withdrawal- Withdrawal- uncomfortable physical & psychological uncomfortable physical & psychological symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug symptoms produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using drugsuser stops using drugs
Drugs & the brainDrugs & the brain
Neurons- brain is Neurons- brain is made up of made up of __________________________
______________________________________ _________________- _________________-
connections connections between neuronsbetween neurons
Drugs can change Drugs can change the way neurons the way neurons communicate communicate with each otherwith each other
Brain Reward SystemBrain Reward System
Reinforces healthy Reinforces healthy behaviorsbehaviors
Releases the Releases the neurotransmitter neurotransmitter ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
Behavioral warning signs of Behavioral warning signs of addictionaddiction
______________________________________________________ Change of appearanceChange of appearance Change of friendsChange of friends Unexplained mood swingsUnexplained mood swings __________________________________________________________ Dramatic change in eating habitsDramatic change in eating habits Excessive lyingExcessive lying __________________________________________________________
Stages of Drug AddictionStages of Drug Addiction Drug use- Drug use- drug use activates the brain drug use activates the brain
reward system (pleasure system)reward system (pleasure system) __________________________________________________- needs more of - needs more of
the drug to produce the same effectthe drug to produce the same effect ________________________ - ________________________ - experiences experiences
uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms if uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms if he or she tries to stop using the drughe or she tries to stop using the drug
________________________- ________________________- lost control of lost control of his or her drug taking habithis or her drug taking habit
Illegal drugsIllegal drugs
Chapter 12.1 Key TermsChapter 12.1 Key Terms
Drug Abuse-Drug Abuse- intentional improper intentional improper or unsafe use of a drugor unsafe use of a drug
Overdose- Overdose- the taking of too much of the taking of too much of a drug which causes sickness, loss of a drug which causes sickness, loss of consciousness, permanent damage, consciousness, permanent damage, or even deathor even death
Reasons illegal drug use is Reasons illegal drug use is very dangerousvery dangerous
Permanent effects on the brain & bodyPermanent effects on the brain & body Become addictedBecome addicted Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle
accidents, & crimesaccidents, & crimes Sharing needles- risk of catching Sharing needles- risk of catching
Hepatitis B & HIVHepatitis B & HIV OverdoseOverdose Risky sexual behavior (STDs)Risky sexual behavior (STDs)
Teen addictionTeen addiction
Teens have a Teens have a higher risk of higher risk of addiction to drugs addiction to drugs than adults dothan adults do
Risk of addiction is Risk of addiction is higher because higher because young brains are young brains are still developing- still developing- can alter brain can alter brain developmentdevelopment
Chapter 12.2 Key TermsChapter 12.2 Key Terms
Marijuana- Marijuana- dried flowers and leaves fo the dried flowers and leaves fo the plant Cannabis sativa that are smoked or plant Cannabis sativa that are smoked or mixed in food & eaten for intoxicating effectsmixed in food & eaten for intoxicating effects
Inhalant-Inhalant- drug inhaled as a vapor drug inhaled as a vapor Club (Designer) drug- Club (Designer) drug- drug made to drug made to
closely resemble a common illegal drug in closely resemble a common illegal drug in chemical structure & effectchemical structure & effect
Anabolic Steroid-Anabolic Steroid- synthetic version of the synthetic version of the male hormone testosterone that is used to male hormone testosterone that is used to promote muscle developmentpromote muscle development
3 things illegal drugs have 3 things illegal drugs have in commonin common
Affect the function of the brainAffect the function of the brain Dangerous to your healthDangerous to your health Can result in drug dependence & Can result in drug dependence &
addictionaddiction
4 commonly abused 4 commonly abused illegal drugsillegal drugs
MarijuanaMarijuana InhalantsInhalants Club drugsClub drugs Anabolic steroidsAnabolic steroids
Marijuana
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Intoxicating effects
Relaxation Loss of short-
term memory Loss of balance &
coordination Increased
appetite
Possible health consequences
Respiratory infection
Impaired learning & memory
Panic attacks Cancer
• Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug
•THC- active chemical in marijuana
•Contains many of the same carcinogens found in cigarette smoke
•After effects wear off users feel:
-Tired, unmotivated, depressed
Marijuana
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Inhalants
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Effects Dizziness Nausea & vomiting HeadacheHealth consequences Heart attack Liver, kidney damage Brain damage Coma Death
Glue, paint thinner, Glue, paint thinner, propane, nitrous oxidepropane, nitrous oxide
Club (Designer) drugsClub (Designer) drugs
EcstacyEcstacy GHBGHB PCP (Angel Dust)PCP (Angel Dust)
EcstacyEcstacyMost commonly abused club drugMost commonly abused club drug
Intoxication Effects Increased awareness of
senses Mild hallucinations Increased energy Loss of judgmentHealth Consequences Impaired learning &
memory Hypothermia (overheating) High blood pressure Heart attach Death
Look alike drugsLook alike drugs
Abused substances Abused substances that are only that are only slightly different slightly different from other, better-from other, better-known drugsknown drugs
Date Rape DrugsDate Rape Drugs GHB, RohypnolIntoxication effects Relaxation Nausea Loss of inhibitions EuphoriaHealth consequences Dangerously slowed
breathing Seizures Coma
Anabolic SteroidsAnabolic SteroidsMale side effects Stunted Growth Aggression Severe acne Shrinking of testes Heart diseaseFemale side effects Increased facial hair Deeper voice Rapid weight gain
12.3 Key Terms12.3 Key Terms
Stimulant- drug that temporarily increases a person’s energy & alertness
Depressant- drug that causes relaxation & sleepiness
Opiates- group of highly addictive drugs derived from the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers, anesthetics, & sedatives
Hallucinogens- drug that distorts perceptions, causing the user to see or hear things that are not real
Cocaine, crack cocaine, amphetamines, andmethamphetamines
Stimulants
TypesTypes
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Produce increased heart rate/ breathing rate/ energy/ alertness, elevated blood pressure, loss of appetite, and increased mental activity, euphoria, hyperactivity, restlessness, anxiety
StimulantsIntoxication effectsIntoxication effects
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Used illegally to produce intoxication, to counter the effects of other drugs,...
Depressants
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Depressants1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM
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1) Date rape drug 2) 1) Date rape drug 2) Ingredient in cough Ingredient in cough medicinesmedicines
DepressantsDepressantsIntoxicating effectsIntoxicating effects EuphoriaEuphoria Reduced anxietyReduced anxiety Loss of inhibitionsLoss of inhibitions DrowsinessDrowsiness
Street use of these drugs is intended to induce pleasure…
NarcoticsNarcotics
Opiates
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Opium, heroin, morphine, codeine
Types of Opiates
Narcotics typesNarcotics types
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…euphoria, relaxation, drowsiness, pain relief, general feelings of well-being
Opiates Intoxicating effects
NarcoticsNarcotics
Street use is intended to produce “mind expansion,” hallucinations, and psychedelic experiences
Hallucinogens
• LSD
•Mushrooms
Hallucinogens
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HallucinogensHallucinogensIntoxication Effects Sensory illusions Distortions of
reality Dizziness Weakness Enhanced emotions Feelings of being
outside of the body
FlashbackFlashback Person may feel the effects of Person may feel the effects of
a hallucinogen long after the a hallucinogen long after the drug has worn offdrug has worn off
Days, weeks, or even months Days, weeks, or even months after useafter use
•Drugs that often lead to abuse of other drugs
•Common gateway drugs:
- Alcohol, tobacco,
marijuana, inhalants
Gateway drugs
Chapter 12.4 Key Chapter 12.4 Key TermsTerms
Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug withdrawal that occurs in newborn withdrawal that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers were frequent infants whose mothers were frequent drug users during pregnancydrug users during pregnancy
Recovering- process of learning to live Recovering- process of learning to live without drugswithout drugs
Intervention- confronting a drug user Intervention- confronting a drug user about his or her drug abuse problem about his or her drug abuse problem to stop him or her from using drugsto stop him or her from using drugs
Relapse- return to using drugs while Relapse- return to using drugs while trying to recover from drug addictiontrying to recover from drug addiction