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UNDERSTANDING FOOT

AND

MOUTH DISEASE INFECTION

by

Cleon V. Kimberling

Extension Veterinarian

Colorado State University

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FOR AN INFECTION TO OCCUR

THERE IS A CHAIN OF EVENTS

HOST

AGENT

MODE OF ESCAPE

MODE OF TRANSMISSION

MODE OF ENTRY

SUSCEPTIBLE HOST

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HOSTS

CATTLE

SWINE

SHEEP & GOATS

ALL CLOVEN HOOFED

ANIMALS.

CAMELIDS ARE NOT HIGHLY

SUSCEPTIBLE

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RESISTANT SPECIES

HORSESMAN

FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASEIS NOT A HUMAN HEALTH

HAZARD

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

VIRUS

EXTREMELY SMALL

EXTREMELY HARDY

NOT KILLED BY NORMAL

PASTEURIZATION

LIVES FOR MONTHS IN

MEAT & MILK PRODUCTS

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

RESISTANT TO MANYCOMMON DISINFECTANTS

A LOW OR HIGH PH

KILLS THE VIRUS

VINEGAR CLOROX

LYE (NaOH)

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

SURVIVES FOR WEEKS ORMONTHS IN DRIED

SECRETIONS

SURVIVES LONG PERIODS

IN COOL DAMP CLIMATES

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AGENT (FMD VIRUS)

HIGHLY CONTAGIOUSIT TAKES VERY FEW

VIRUS PARTICALS TO

CAUSE AN INFECTIONA PIECE OF INFECTED

MATERIAL THE SIZEOF A QUARTER WILL INFECT

1,000,000 HEAD OF CATTLE

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HOW DOES THE VIRUS ESCAPE

FROM THE ANIMAL?IN RUPTURED VESCICLE FLUID

EXHALED AIRSALIVAMILK

SEMENFECESURINE

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TRANSMISSION

THE VIRUS IS SHED 5-10BEFORE CLINICAL SIGNS

APPEARVACCINATED ANIMALS CANSHED THE ORGANISM

RECOVERED CATTLE, SHEEPAND BUFFALO CAN BECOME

CARRIERS

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FMD VIRUS SURVIVES

UP TO 3 DAYS IN MUSCLE

FOR MONTHS IN CHILLED OR

FROZEN LYMPH NODES, BONEMARROW, VISCERA AND

RESIDUAL BLOOD CLOTS

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SOME PLACES WHERE

THE VIRUS HIDES OUT

SAUSAGE/HAM/BACON

190 DAYS

DRIED SKIM MILK 2 YEARSCURED HIDES 352 DAYS

SURVIVAL OF THE FMDVIRUS DEPENDS ON pH,

TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY

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MODES OF TRANSMISSION

DIRECT CONTACT &

RESPIRATORY AEROSOLSLIVE ANIMAL MOVEMENT

ARTIFICIAL BREEDINGWINDBORNE SPREAD

PIG EMIT 1,000,000,000 I U /DAY

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TRANSMISSION

ANIMAL PRODUCTS &BY-PRODUCTS

VECTORSMECHANICAL SPREAD/FOMITES

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MODE OF ENTRY

INGESTION

INHALATION

ARTIFICIAL INSEMENATION

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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF

A NEW HOSTPIGS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS

AND WILD ANIMALS

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WHERE DO WE BREAK

THE CHAIN?PREVENT ENTRY OF THE VIRUS

ALTER THE SUSCEPTIBILITYOF THE HOST BY VACCINATION

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DISEASES THAT CAUSE

BLISTERS AND SIMILARSIGNS

VESICULAR STOMATITIS

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IF YOU HAVE AN ANIMAL

WITH MOUTH, FEET OR

TEAT LESIONS CALL YOUR

VETERINARIAN

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HOW DO WE HANDLE

A SUSPECTED CASE?IMMEDIATE PREMISE

AND 1 MILE QUARANTINE

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HOW DO WE DEAL WITH

A FMD OUTBREAK?

QUARANTINE AND CULLING

OF ANIMALSVACCINATION AND CULLING

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WHO IS IN CHARGE?

WHO PAYS THE BILL?

WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS?

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WHERE DO I GET ADDITIONAL

INFORMATION?

www.footandmouth.colostate.edu

www.maff.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/fmd/default.html

www.guardian.co.uk/gallery/0,2759,180825,00.html