Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Net Zero Design

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 1 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM

Understanding the Costs and Benefits of

Net Zero Design

Lisa Matthiessen, FAIA

Laura Lesniewski, AIA

Peter Morris, MRICS


introduction

• Background

• Statistical Analysis

• Design Thinking at the Building Scale

• Design Thinking at the Community Scale

• Value

agenda


introduction

Value

• Business case = cash value

• S(ocial)ROI = monetize everything

• Carrying capacity = getting beyond costs

How do we value the immeasurable?

Abundance

Generous living

Wellbeing

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 4 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM


introduction

Tools

Cost Analysis $$

Design Strategies $$, EUI

Thinking Framework $$, EUI, other metrics,

beyond measurable

Marshaling resources

to deliver the

best outcome


background


background

Packard Sustainability Report and Matrix 2001, 2002

Cost of Green I and II 2004, 2007

Living Building Study 2009


background

Packard Sustainability

Report and Matrix 2001, 2002

Authors:

David & Lucile Packard Foundation

BNIM Architects

Hawley Peterson Snyder Architects

Keen Engineering

Oppenheim Lewis

Holland Design


background

Examining the

Cost of Green

2004

Cost of Green

Revisited

2007 Author:

Davis Langdon


background

Living Building

Financial Study

2009 Authors:

Cascadia Region Green Building Council Sera Architects Skanska USA Building Gerding Edlen Interface Engineering New Buildings Institute


statistical analysis


data gathered

• Project details (program, rating, location, etc)

• Construction cost

• Construction costs detail

• Projected operating costs (energy and water)

• Actual operating costs

• Anecdotal evidence



building types

• community centers (learning/visitor)

• K-12 schools

• office buildings – low-rise

• wet labs

• libraries

• office buildings – T.I.

• Healthcare

• High rise mixed use/residential



approach


normalize data

• common location

• common time

establish comparison baseline

• the project’s original budget

• the project itself, without

the green elements

• similar projects

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 15 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis

community centers statistical analysis early data


K-12 schools statistical analysis early data


office buildings – low-rise statistical analysis early data


wet lab statistical analysis early data


energy use intensity: energy star rating by city statistical analysis


energy use intensity: by climate zone statistical analysis


energy use intensity statistical analysis early data


Innovatio

n

Adoption

Maturity Decline

Sales

Price


value discovery


Price

1 2 3

value discovery



cost drivers

Location

Climate

Size

Program

Team expertise

Client commitment


design thinking

at the building scale


PROGRAM

• Flexible laboratories for molecular

and cutting edge computational

biology

• Support for cutting-edge computational biology

SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

• “The most sustainable lab building

in the world”

• Minimum 50% less energy use and

on-site power generation

• Carbon neutral – without "buying”

carbon offsets

• Capture 100% rainwater on site

• Reduce domestic water demand

50%

• Net-zero waste water

• Natural ventilation and light in all

occupied spaces

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE GOALS & ASPIRATIONS


1. Identify unique opportunities

of location

2. Organize Program

(Occupancy Use and Time)

3. Analyze Actual Loads

(Right-size everything)

4. High Performance

Architecture

(Envelope, Sunshading,

Daylighting)

5. Decouple Thermal &

Ventilation

(Utilize the most efficient

systems and equipment

available / heat recovery)

6. Select Renewable Sources

of Energy

Images courtesy of JCVI

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE DESIGN PROCESS


??

Area Available =

“Energy Budget”

PV Output Required = 4x Roof Area Available

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ACHIEVING NET ZERO


“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,

ENVELOPE


Images courtesy of JCVI

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,

ENVELOPE


“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE MEP, LIGHTING


J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE MEP, LIGHTING


“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE OPTIMIZE PLUG LOADS,

EQUIPMENT


“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ON-SITE PHOTOVOLTAICS


J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE NET ZERO TARGET


Architects: EHDD

ILFI Net Zero Energy

60% over ASHRAE 90.1

IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility EUI = 22.6


• High user comfort

• Reuse the existing building

• Good insulation (R-19

walls, R-30 ceiling)

• Daylight and views

• High performance glass +

skylights

• Dynamic glass

• Operable windows

• Drought tolerant planting

• Direct reuse of demo

materials

60% reduction in existing site paving

Building Integrated PV entrance

canopy and PV cool roof

Access to public transportation

concepts: architectural


Dynamic (electrochromic) glass – east facade


Radiant heating

Radiant cooling

Ground source heat pump

Natural ventilation

Dedicated OA air handler

CO2 sensors - demand

ventilation

Displacement ventilation

Night time purge

Heat pump waste heat

capture for warm water

concepts: mechanical/plumbing

Low flow faucets

Dual flush toilets

Waterless urinals


High efficiency light sources

Astronomic time clocks

Task/ambient lighting

Individual occupancy sensor task

lighting controls

Occupant sensor ambient

lighting controls

Mesopic lighting

Light pollution reduction

Daylight switching photosensors

Daylight dimming photosensors

Photovoltaic systems

Upsized wiring

High efficiency transformer

Energy star equipment

Plug load controls

Wireless data

VOIP

concepts: electrical/lighting


Predicted EUI

32.6 Actual EUI

22.6

IDeAs Office: net annual energy use (2009)


Sunnyvale, CA

Sharp Development

RMW Architecture

30,000 gsf

Net Zero within

standard budget

projects | 435 Indio predicted EUI = 22.5


concepts: mechanical/architectural

• Automatically controlled passive night cooling

• Upgraded exterior insulation allows precooling of

thermal mass walls

• Ceiling fans extend comfort temperature range

• Custom operable skylights use prevailing

breezes to induce internal airflow

• High efficiency/ low cost rooftop package units

used only as needed (rarely)

• High performance glazing – no need for external

shades


impact of night purge: typical day

55 °F

60 °F

65 °F

70 °F

75 °F

80 °F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Automated Windows OA Temp

West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT

Slab Temp

55 °F

60 °F

65 °F

70 °F

75 °F

80 °F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Closed Windows OA Temp

West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT

Slab Temp


concepts: electrical/lighting

• Daylighting to all spaces, except toilets and utility closets

• Skylights designed to provide equal light levels in summer and winter,

and 15% higher levels at equinox

• High efficiency LED lighting (.5W/sf)

• Integral daylight, occupancy, and temperature sensors at every light

fixture

• Individually controlled desk fans and task lights

• Metering by load type (lighting, plug loads, mechanical)

• Building energy use dashboard

• Occupancy sensor controlled plug strips


concepts: financial

• Performance based lease provides carrot (and stick) for good

occupant behaviour

• Added construction cost = $44/sf including 32,000 sf PV array

• Drastically reduced reserve requirements for maintenance and HVAC

• Reduced operating expenses – utilities, landscape, etc

• Demisability to reduce churn costs

• Unanticipated cost reductions (e.g. no mechanical screen)

• IF actual energy use meets predicted, than the financial model is

more profitable than standard practice (build to code)

• Future projects – higher rents and lease rates


design thinking

community scale


community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

Beddington Zero Energy Development

(U.K.) actual reductions in carbon

58% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy

42% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)

Lifestyle and behavior changes

are important!


community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

Sonoma Mountain Village (U.S.)

predicted reductions in carbon

31% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy

69% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)

Lifestyle and behavior changes

are important!


design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

community scale: design

Supporting sustainable behavior

through design


community scale: design design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

• Information in public spaces

• Exterior, landscape, parks +

gardens

• Front entrance

• Elevators + stairwells

• Collaborative consumption

facilities / prompts

• Car parking + bike parking

• Garbage rooms, signage,

receptacles

• Compost collection

infrastructure/services

• Leasing center

• + more


community scale design thinking




community scale

Vision:

• scientific thought and intuitive imagination

• vibrant model of regenerative community

living

• transformational integration of educations,

agriculture, arts, economics, and science

Focus on:

• Water

• Energy

• Integrated ecological cycling of nutrients,

energy, uses

• High-performance built environment

design thinking


community scale

from

carrying capacity

to

ecological performance

design thinking


Analysis Landscape Ecology and Hydrologic Systems

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 57 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM Guiding Principles



Greensburg KS


Blessed with a unique opportunity

to create a strong community

devoted to family,

fostering business,

working together for future generations.


Energy

Promote a high level of efficiency in new construction

and look to renewable options for generation.


WIND

100% renewable

energy generation

100%


HOMES

43% energy cost

savings compared to

code (HERS ratings*)

43%


K-12 SCHOOL

42% energy savings

compared to code

42%


regen design thinking


regen design thinking


wellbeing

Gallup Study

150 countries

>98% of world population

Interdependent

• Career Wellbeing

• Social Wellbeing

• Financial Wellbeing

• Physical Wellbeing

• Community Wellbeing

value



blue zones

Blue Zones

• Sardinia, Italy

• Okinawa, Japan

• Loma Linda, California

• Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica

• Ikeria, Greece

value

BETTER


blue zones

Secrets of a Long Life

• Move naturally

• Hara hachi bu (80% full)

• Plant slant

• Grapes of life (in moderation)

• Purpose now (big picture)

• Downshift (relieve stress)

• Belong (spiritual community)

• Loved ones first

• Right tribe (shared values)

value


value


optimizing value for next generation green

• establishing value

• setting a vision

• budgeting resources

- money

- environmental inputs

• creating the environment for success

- community

- communication

- shared risk

- humble expertise

value


optimizing value for next generation green value


When we were children words were colored

(Harlot and murder were dark purple)

And language was a prism, the light

A conjured inlay on the grass,

Whose rays today are concentrated

And language grown a burning-glass.

- Louis MacNeice


Now we are older and our talents

Accredited to time and meaning,

To handsel joy requires a new

Shuffle of cards behind the brain

Where meaning shall remarry color

And flowers be timeless once again.

- Louis MacNeice


contact feedback/participation

Lisa Matthiessien, Integral [email protected]

Laura Lesniewski, BNIM [email protected]

Peter Morris, Davis Langdon / AECOM [email protected]


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Understanding the Costs and Benefits of Net Zero Design

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