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Prof. Dr. Dagmar Monett Díaz
Talk at the Interdisciplinary Workshop “UNDER CONSTRUCTION.Analyzing Postcolonial Weblogs with Literary and Computational Methods”
Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Retrospective and Perspectivesbased on the First Bloggers Survey
Understanding the Cuban Blogosphere
monettdiaz @dmonetthttp://www.monettdiaz.com
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Definition of theCuban
blogosphere
by GarrinchaJune 13th 2008
Image http://losmickeysdemiami.blogspot.de/2008/06/de-los-amigos.html
3Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Image © Stuart Miles at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
What isa blog?
4Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
What isa Cuban
blog?
Image © Stuart Miles at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
?
5Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Previous work The first survey to Cuban bloggersCollecting and processing data
- Open source technologies
Analyzing and visualizing data Live demoResults with comments on both future
perspectives and practical research
Agenda
6Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
- Blogger since 2007
- Chair and organizer of Blogging Cuba: The first Cuban Bloggers MeetingAugust 14th-16th, 2009, Palma de Mallorca, SpainMain topic: “The Cuban Blogosphere and its impact in
culture, society, politics and media”
Background
7Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
D. MonettState of the Cuban blogosphere.Results of the first survey to Cuban bloggers
In B. Calvo Peña (Ed.)Buena Vista Social Blog. Internet and freedom of expression in Cubapp. 59–83, Aduana Vieja, Valencia, Spain, 2010ISBN: 978-84-96846-41-8(In Spanish)
Previous work
8Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
D. Monett, B. CalvoA Portrait of the Cuban Bloggers based on the First Survey of the Cuban Blogosphere
In Proceedings of the Participatory Communication Research Section28th IAMCR International Conference onCommunication and Citizenship - Rethinking Crisis and ChangeBraga, Portugal, July 18th-22th, 2010
Previous work
Word cloud: www.wordle.net
The content with Wordle
9Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
The first bloggers survey
11Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
1st survey to Cuban bloggers
Chapters, topics:1. Internet connection and electronic devices2. Blogs and blogging in general3. Blogging platforms, tools and technical features4. Cuba as topic on the blogs and bloggers’
interactions5. Identity construction through blogging6. Some other demographic data for general
statistics(More than 100 questions - to gather as much information as possible)
online/offline, June 2009
Image © Stuart Miles at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
Collecting and processing…
13Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Notifications
Image © photoraidz at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
• 5 bloggers, about 2 hours each
14Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Notifications
• List with more than 1000 URLs of alphabetically ordered Cuban blogs
Image © photoraidz at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
• 5 bloggers, about 2 hours each
15Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
16Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Notifications
• List with more than 1000 URLs of alphabetically ordered Cuban blogs
Image © photoraidz at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
• Contact to bloggers: manual process
• 5 bloggers, about 2 hours each
17Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
18Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Logos © http://www.phpmyadmin.net/, http://blog.monitor.us/2012/04/how-to-improve-html-performance/, http://inspiredtalents.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/javascript.png, http://www.mysql.com, http://goodlogo.com/extended.info/apache-software-foundation-logo-3074, http://www.php.net
Managing data - open source tech
19Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Managing data - open source tech
Images © Double-J Design, Oxygen Team, Hopstarter, Treetog ArtWork at http://www.iconarchive.com/
1
50+
10+
www.lahuelladelblog.com
v4.0.10
DB client v5.5.35PHP extension for MySQL v4.1+
Database serverPercona v5.0.92
128 tables4,3 MB
(structure & data)
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The database
21Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Data processing 95% online answers; 5% email or hard copy
5 questionnaires discarded (no ethics and common sense hold)
Data cleansing & organization
84.49% response rate (roughly estimated):
%100rBloggerAvgBlogsPe
logsContactedBysValidSurveionParticipat
%49.84%1003
838236
22Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014Image © adamr at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
Data analysis and visualization
23Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Data analysisWhich primary and secondary questions?
Which filters?
Which charts?
How to visualize results?
How to draw conclusions?
How to prepare communication of results?
24Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Data analysisWhich primary and secondary questions?
Which filters?
Which charts?
How to visualize results?
How to draw conclusions?
How to prepare communication of results?
I wish I could attend the Google MOOC“Making Sense of Data”, April 2014, before… ;-)
25Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Product: Website or Intranet Appfor 1 Webserver, 1 non-commercial Website, 1 developer Version 3.1.1, April 10th 2009 More than 40 chart types 66,64 € by August 2009
(current version: about 300,- €)
Data visualization
Image © and more at http://www.fusioncharts.com/ CEO and founder Pallav Nadhani
27Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Data visualization process
See more at http://www.fusioncharts.com/dev-resources/javascript-charts-in-php/
Connect to datasource and query
prepare and executeMySQL query data, rows
Produce chart dataconvert rows intoXML (or JSON) data string
Generate HTML and JS codeto embed on the Website
render chart HTML byincluding
PHP script
Image © Stuart Miles at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
Some…
29Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Processing and visualizing results
Images © Double-J Design, Oxygen Team, Hopstarter, Treetog ArtWork at http://www.iconarchive.com/
www.lahuelladelblog.com/
128 tables, 4,3 MB(structure & data)
30Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Dilbert Scott Adams at http://dilbert.com/fast/2008-05-08/(Educational/Classroom usage permission is granted by Universal Uclick. All Rights Reserved)
How “intelligent” canArtificial Intelligence be? Take care!
Analysis of results
31Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Live demo
http://www.lahuelladelblog.com/Resultados/Index.php
Live, interactive 2D/3D charts with survey results Column and bar charts Stacked and multi-series charts Pie charts…
32Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Type of connection
33Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Type of connection
Internet usage in Cuba is controlled by the Government.
Discrepancy is penalized.Private access is almost nonexistent.
34Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Online activities (in Cuba)
35Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Online activities (in Cuba)
CommentingReading news
Photo sharing
Emails
Chats
Social networks
For many Cubans: main source of “alternative, non-official” informationand its sharing (spreading opinions)
36Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Online activities (outside)
37Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Online activities (outside)
Commenting
Reading news
Listening music
Emails
Video watchingSocial networks
38Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Online activities (outside)
88,1%
Almost all topics are highly polarized and politicized… Comments analysis would
drive semantic-based algorithms for sure!
Commenting
39Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Motivations for blogging…
Why do the Cuban bloggers blog?
What are their motivations?
Document personal experiencesKnowledge & experience sharing
Search for information & up to date
For a fair causeTherapy, relief/freedom
Freedom of expression
Sharing non-censored informationNetworking
Document personal experiencesKnowledge & experience sharing
Search for information & up to date
For a fair causeTherapy, relief/freedom
Freedom of expression
Sharing non-censored informationNetworking
How to consider this when using Machine Learning (ML) algorithms?
How a semantic analysis?
Image © renjith krishnan at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
Document personal experiencesKnowledge & experience sharing
Search for information & up to date
For a fair causeTherapy, relief/freedom
Freedom of expression
Sharing non-censored informationNetworking
44Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Blogging “for a fair cause”
Word cloud: www.wordle.net
Cuba, freedom, democracy, freedom of expression
45Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Blogging for a fair cause
Word cloud: www.wordle.net. Image © renjith krishnan at http://www.freedigitalphotos.net/
Cuba, freedom, democracy, freedom of expression
Over 60% answered they are “citizens of the world”. Over 85% of are 30+ years old
( 42+). How does this relate to their motivations for blogging? How ML?
46Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Topics to write about
- Personal- Politics- Art- News- …
47Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
68% of the bloggers emigrated from Cuba.(In the Cuban case, not only) the country
of residence might add a strong bias when mining and analysing the data!
Topics to write about
48Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Storage platform/service
49Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Storage platform/service
Data Mining, Machine Learning,Sentiment Analysis, and so on?
Consider e.g. Blogger API v3 and don’t forget to analyze comments to posts!
“The Cuban blogger is a man but there is more than one woman for every three of them. He writes from inside and outside Cuba on blogs of a personal nature but rather he reads about politics. He is more than 40 years old, has finished university studies, is married, has at least one child, and his main motivation for blogging is to express himself freely. He connects via modem to the Internet and has been accessing the Internet for more than five years but less than 10. Once logged in from his home or work, he prefers reading news and sending emails, while he authors an average of three blogs that are hosted on Blogger.com. He does not like to moderate comments because he prefers freedom of expression but sometimes he applies censorship. He was born in Cuba, is a citizen of the world, and lives abroad. He welcomes anonymity, has made many new friends through blogging, and publishes his posts at night. He believes that blogging is a form of journalism, would continue to blog in the future, and believes in blogs as a meeting point for the Cuban nation, which for him is ‘everything’.”
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What we got…
Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Monett & Calvo 2010
“The Cuban blogger is a man but there is more than one woman for every three of them. He writes from inside and outside Cuba on blogs of a personal nature but rather he reads about politics. He is more than 40 years old, has finished university studies, is married, has at least one child, and his main motivation for blogging is to express himself freely. He connects via modem to the Internet and has been accessing the Internet for more than five years but less than 10. Once logged in from his home or work, he prefers reading news and sending emails, while he authors an average of three blogs that are hosted on Blogger.com. He does not like to moderate comments because he prefers freedom of expression but sometimes he applies censorship. He was born in Cuba, is a citizen of the world, and lives abroad. He welcomes anonymity, has made many new friends through blogging, and publishes his posts at night. He believes that blogging is a form of journalism, would continue to blog in the future, and believes in blogs as a meeting point for the Cuban nation, which for him is ‘everything’.”
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What we got…
What would computationalmethods get?
How much do you trust (your) “intelligent” algorithms?
Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Monett & Calvo 2010
Interdisciplinary research needed!
52
Definition of theCuban
blogosphere
by GarrinchaJune 13th 2008
Image http://losmickeysdemiami.blogspot.de/2008/06/de-los-amigos.html
Yes, we can partially understand why...It remains a really big challenge (not only)
for current computational methods!
Prof. Dr. Dagmar Monett Díaz
Heidelberg University, Germany, July 11, 2014
Retrospective and Perspectivesbased on the First Bloggers Survey
Understanding the Cuban Blogosphere
monettdiaz @dmonetthttp://www.monettdiaz.com