Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Joachim Pflüger, European XFEL
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Signing Ceremony in Rathaus Hamburg Nov 30 10:15
12 Countries:
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Poland
RussiaSlovakia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Announced:
China
Great BritainXFEL GmbH is officially founded!
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Overview
XFEL Basics, Choice of ParametersUndulator Systems Design
Undulator SegmentsMechanicsMagnetic Measurements
IntersectionsPhase ShifterMover
Control SystemTunnel LayoutTime Schedule
Overview,Choice of Parameters
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Overall layout: three above ground sites
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Overall layout: three above ground sites
Undulator tunnels
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Systems: Basic Design Considerations
Conservative design assumptions:1Å has to be reached safely FEL specifications to be fulfilled safely Permanent Magnet Technology (NdFeB)Avoid risks like SC undulators (technology), mini gap undulators, ultra small vacuum chambers (wake fields, radiation damage)
Strict standardization for drive mechanics, intersections, tuning proceduresPreparation for Large Scale ProductionSynergy with PETRA III
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Choice of gap and electron energy
Saturation length
10mm 8mm 6mm
Min Undulator gap
Diffraction Parameter ( Coherence, Number of Modes)
Electron Beam Energy
εn=1.4 mm mrad
100
Gap 6 10mm would only save 20% on length
TDR 2006 Saldin, Schneidmiller, Yurkov
17.5 Gev for B=100
Saldin, Schneidmiller an Yurkov Opt. Comm. 235 (2004) 415
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Tuneability
Saturation length dependence on chosen wavelength for SASE1, SASE2 and SASE3
Photon pulse power as a function ofmagnetic undulator length
SASE1 SASE2
εn=1.4 mm mrad
Lengths of undulator systems( )
2
2
2)(5.01
γλλ UUU
RgK+
=
10
EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Baseline Design Parameters
Undulator Systems
1.25x10-4Δγ / γ
SCType
nC1Bunch Charge
1- 3250Pulse train
nm0.034ε (17.5 GeV)
fsec80Bunch length
Hz10Rep Rate
A5000IPeak
µm1.4 εn
GeV17.5Energy
Accelerator
Undulator Design
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Systems in the XFEL
Later Upgrade to full TDR 2006 Scope is possible
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Schematic of Undulator Systems
Cell Structure
Intersection (1.1m)
Undulator Segment 5m
Undulator Cell
Undulator System in Tunnel
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Segments
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Synergy PETRA III- XFEL
Synergetic XFEL – PETRAIII design. Ongoing since 2004 Fulfill XFEL (and PETRAIII) requirementsSuited for Serial ProductionCost optimized
2 Generations of Prototyps to test and develop XFEL TechnologyConstruction of 13 planar PETRA III undulators using this technology
Results:Relaxed Tolerances: Girder Material AlMgY. Li, B. Faatz, J. Pflueger, Phys. Rev. ST-AB 1,100701 (2008)
High Precision Drive SystemCost optimized Ready for Tendering
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
2. Generation Support Mechanics
Special Attention: 1. Shear deformation vs. compressive deformation2. Material pairing; Bimetallic bending3. Four point support of girders4. Four Motors, electronic gears5. Forced girder guiding6. Precision gap control with accuracy ±1µm
Joachim Pflueger, XFEL 17
XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Girder guiding by Support Guide WayProblem: The intermediate girder deforms under magnetic forces
Solution:• Girders have a rotational degree of freedom of low friction • Alignment through the support guide way, adjustable via screws• Total Girder Tilt ≈ ≤ ± 100 μrad
AdjustmentScrews
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Direct Measurement of Gap
Required Accuracy ± 1μm
Problem: Forces of Measurement
Best Result at present: ± 1μmG. Naulin, G. Nawrath
Joachim Pflueger, XFEL 19
XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Prototyping History
:1. Generation 5m U29 Petra III /XFEL 2m U29 PETRA III
Pre-Series 5m U35/48/68 XFEL 2. Generation 2 m U32 PETRA IIINew
2006 2006
2007-Present
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Magnetic
Design & Measurements
Joachim Pflueger, XFEL 21
XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Magnet Structure I
•Structure clamped on girder.
•Same Material for girder and Magnet support structure: AlMg
Based on FLASH Experience
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Magnet Structure II
All XFEL relevant field errors can be tuned by adjustment screws
Basics: J. Pflüger, H. Lu, T. Teichmann NIM A429 (1999), 368
Adjustment Range:
Pole Height : ± 0.3mm
Pole Tilt : ± 4mrad
Locking Screws
Tuning Screws
Pole Height and Tilt Adjustment Principle
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Magnetic Structure III: Pole Height Adjustment
Measurement Bridge Double Bridge in Use
Reading Accuracy: ±1μm
Requirement: ±5μm
Direct viewSimple, easy to use preferred Method
Joachim Pflueger, XFEL 24
XFELThe EuropeanX-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Magnetic Structure IV: Pole Height and Tilt Adjustment
≈± 100μm
Pole Height Adjustment Pole Tilt Adjustment
2RMS2,Peak0
20
,2
Tmm 10.3IT 0.682B mm, 29λ22
=⇒==
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛⋅=πλPeak
RMSBI
≈±0.3mm ≈ ±4mrad≈± 4mrad
XFEL Magnetic Lab
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
XFEL Magnetic Lab with 0.1°C Stability (C. Schulz)
Temperature stability 04-08.01.2009 < 0,28 K local
21,86121,88121,90121,92121,94121,96121,98122,00122,02122,04122,06122,08122,10122,12122,14122,16122,18122,201
0:00
4:01
8:02
12:0
3
16:0
4
20:0
5
0:06
4:08
8:09
12:1
0
16:1
1
20:1
2
0:13
4:14
8:15
12:1
6
16:1
7
20:1
8
0:19
4:20
8:21
12:2
2
16:2
3
20:2
4
time
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]0.1 - PT100_1 0.2 - PT100_2 0.3 - PT100_3 0.4 - PT100_40.5 - PT100_5 0.6 - PT100_6
Temperature Stability 04-08.01.2009 < 0,06 K temporal
22,03622,04122,04622,05122,05622,06122,06622,07122,07622,08122,08622,09122,096
0:00
4:01
8:00
12:01
16:00
20:01 0:0
04:0
18:0
112
:0116
:0120
:01 0:00
4:01
8:01
12:01
16:01
20:01 0:0
04:0
18:0
112
:0116
:0120
:01
tite
mpe
ratu
re [°
C]
0.3 - PT100_3
96 h
96 h
0.06K
O.34K
Temporal Temperature Stability
Local Temperature Stability
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Field Measurements Results New Lab on PETRA III 2m
U. Englisch
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Extension Plans in Building 36 (C. Schulz)
North
XFEL Area
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Magnetic Measurements, New Magnetic LabPresent Status
Magnetic Measurements and tuningPole Height and Tilt Tuning is working wellRoutinely used for PETRA IIIHas the potential for fast tuning “perfect” undulators :Phase Jitter << 2°RMS trajectory walkoffs << 1µm (2nd Fieldintegral ≈ 2 Tmm2)
All basic Magnet Measurement and tuning Techniques needed for XFEL are available
1. New Magnetic LabLab operational Temperature Specs fulfilledControl Software workingAt present: Heavily in use by HASYLAB for PETRA III Devices…Prototype for the new XFEL benches
Extension of Lab in Bldg. 36 started
Intersections
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Intersection Overview
Quadrupole
SR Absorber / Pump
VacuumChamber
Adjustors
Loss Monitors
Concrete Pillar
Air Coil Correctors
Phase Shifter
Cavity BPM
QuadrupoleMover
SASE 1
Support Base Plate
SASE 2
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Phase Shifter
J. Pflüger H. Lu, M. Wang, J. Zhuang I. Moya, S. Sanz, P. Oriol
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Phase Shifter: General
1. PrototypeMagnetic Design Principle
Intersection
Phase Shifter
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Phase Shifter: Final ResultsLu Huihua, Zhuang Jian, Wang Motuo, J. Pflüger
Vertical Field Horizontal Field Phase Tuning Curves
( ) 0)2(2
)2
)(25.01(
2≥−⎟
⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛=−
⎟⎠⎞⎜
⎝⎛ +
⎟⎠⎞
⎜⎝⎛= LRe
mcLn
UgUKUe
mcPgPI νγλπν
π
λ
For more Details: H.H. Lu, Y. Li, J. Pflüger, NIMA 605 (2009) 399
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Quadrupole Mover
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Quadrupole Mover
Horizontal
VerticalJavier Munilla, CIEMAT
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Quadrupoel Mover Specifications
Movement Range: ± 1.5mm Accuracy better: ± 1µmLoad Capacity: ≈ 75kgMotion Control :
Linear actuators usings stepping motorsAbsolute position measurement using LVDTsClosed loop feedback using Beckhoff controlcomponents (XFEL standard)
Safety:Precision switchesHard stoppers
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Reentrant Cavity Beam Position MonitorsD. Lipka, D. Nölle WP17
Beam direction
Bellow
Pump
Reentrant Cavity BPM
D. Lipka, D. Nölle XFEL Meeting 16.9.09
Based on Spring8 Design
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Vacuum System (T. Wohlenberg WP19)
Absorber
Bellow
Pump cross
Flange connection
Undulator vacuum chamber
Ion getter pump
Absorber
Bellow
Pump cross
Flange connection
Undulator vacuum chamber
Ion getter pump
XFEL Prototype Chamber built forthe 4m Undulator for sFLASH
Vacuum components for theIntersections Intersection
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Vacuum ChamberT. Wohlenberg
• Extruded Al Profile
• Clearance: Vertical: 8.6mm, Horizontal: 15mm
• 2 Water cooling Channels
• 2 additional Channels for Fiber Loss Monitors á la FLASH
• ≈300nm RMS inner Surface Roughness
• No Coating: The Beam sees Al
• Support on independent, external and adjustable prefabricated Framemade from AL profiles
Chamber Cross Section
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Quadrupoles
RequirementsMust keep magnetic center to better than ±2µm from 10 to 100% of rated excitationExtensive R&D called “New TQG” triggerd by negative FLASH experience
Result: An economic Solution:Low coercive iron „Russian Relais Iron“ provided as IKCThermal annealing at 850°C after machining mandatoryIn XFEL: Fiducialization and test of magnetic center stability
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Quadrupole Center stability on „New TQG“
Fredrik Hellberg MSL
Vertical (Y) Center PositionHorizontal (X) Center Position
Excitation is changed from 0 to 80A and back several timesCenter is determined using a rotatingcoil setup
Transfer of center position to Fiducials
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Controls
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Undulator Control System, Requirements
Undulator Cell Local ControlMotion Control of undulator segment, synchronization, limit movement, operational safetyAir coil correction, synchronized with gap movementTemperature compensationMotion Control of Intersection synchronized with gap motion
Global Control System General Control of Undulator SystemSynchronize Undulator all CellsOperational Modes Taper, length controlOperational Interface to machine, users, diagnostics, local
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Local Undulator Cell Control
sync
hron
izat
ion
Tasks• Provide fast Gap Control with micrometer accuracy• Synchronization with low following error (less than ±10µm)• Provide safe operation, failure detection, prevent
damage…….• Limitation of movement, limit switches
• Local temperature measurement and gap
correction• Gap dependent Air Coil Correction• Gap dependent Phase Shifter Setting• Motion Control for QuadrupoleMovers
virtual master axis
A. Schoeps
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Embedded PC:- Windows based, realtime capable- Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) - Numerical Control (NC) - sever for machine control system (TCP/IP) - HMI + IDE
Control Hardware
I/Os: - limit switches- additional controls (eg. correctors)
- interlock signals- Profibus terminal
servodrives
power
resolver feedback
Ethe
rCA
T
EtherCAT
linearencoders
motorsP
rofib
us
A. Schoeps
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Global Undulator System Control
synchronous / collective movement of all axes during operationexternal synchronization via EtherCAT – for example with monochromatordifferent operational modes: tapering, diagnostic, local, maintenance ….
virtual master axis
remote synchronization
TwinCAT based Soft-NC:- synchroization of Undulator cells- communication to global control
system- also allows to move single cells
A. Schoeps
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Hardware
Widely used in Automation Industry (Europe, China) Fast EtherCAT based communicationTwinCAT based software with mighty diagnostic tools (ScopeView)Available off the shelfWide variety of controls for Motion control (servos, steppers, ADCs (til24 bit), DACs, encoders, I/O…..Economic : 240€ to include a 4A stepping motor such as Phase ShifterGrowing scientific use: FLASH, PETRA III, EMBL, DESY Accelerators, XFEL, ELBE…
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Near Future Plans
Extension Magnetic LabExtension of Hall 5 in Bldg. 36 by 6/2010CFT for 2 more benches by by 6/2010
IntersectionsSASE2 / IHEP see presentation of Huihua LuSASE2 / XFEL Prototype Assembly Begin 1 /2010SASE1 Prototype Assembly Begin 1 /2010Test, RedesignProduction Readiness Review End of 2010
Preseries Prototypes2 SASE3 U68 Prototypes (CELLS) until 9 / 2010 2 SASE1 and 2 SASE2 (XFEL) until 9 / 2010
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Global Time Schedule
Extension Magnetic Lab until 19.3.2012
Undulator Segments Pre-Series Prototyping until 5.7.11Serial Production 6.7.11 – 1.7.14 (last)
IntersectionsPrototyping Test Mockup until 7.2.11Production 8.2.11 – 1.4.13 (last)
SASE 1-3 Operational by late 2014
The End
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EFST Workshop on Advanced Undulator Physics and Technology for Light Sources , Shanghai, Dec 3-4, 2009J. Pflueger, European XFEL
Undulator Systems for the European XFEL
Open Positions in WP71
2 Scientists for magnetic measurements S-022Controls engineer for a magnetic measurement lab E-013Mechatronics engineer (f/m) E-015Support engineer / hall engineer (f/m) E-016
More Positions at European XFEL:http://www.xfel.eu/organization/job_offers/