Unfair Trade Practices Thesis

8/2/2019 Unfair Trade Practices Thesis

1/25

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10/25

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7:


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14/25

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15/25

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16/25

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17/25

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18/25

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19/25

}nk qk|zocmkc} ngm mkeoc|}qg}km }nk zqom{l}boc oh AOZZ }gzk g} }nk}bek oh bc|}giig}boc gcm |}g}k| }ng} b} mbm co} mkeoc|}qg}k }nkegc{hgl}{qbc` Z#X#L# }gzk|# B} h{q}nkq |}g}k| }ng} co ik}}kq pg| pqb}}kc}o }nk qk|zocmkc} zqboq }o 7222 gao{} }nk igld oh hglbib}r ohegc{hgl}{qbc` Z#X#L# }gzk|# W{k|}boc| pkqk g|dkm oh }nb| pb}ck||

gao{} }nk zqom{l}boc hb`{qk gcm }nk |o{qlbc` oh qgp eg}kqbgi) }nkpb}ck|| mkcbkm gcr dcopikm`k gao{} }nk gllo{c}| oh }nk gzziblgc}|hbqe#

7># \nqb \#L# \bc`ngi gi|o }kcmkqkm nb| kxbmkclk oc 1cm Mklkeakq) 1::1#Nk gmeb}| }ng} }nk eglnbck pg| bc|}giikm bc F{ir 722> gcm }nkzqom{l}boc |}gq}km bc \kz}keakq 722> oh AOZZ hbie| gcm b} lo{imegc{hgl}{qk 7%1 }oc| oh AOZZ hbie bc }po gcm g ngih eoc}n|# Nk gi|o|}g}k| }ng} }nk eglnbck ngm lkg|km h{cl}bocbc` hoq }nk zg|} |b~eoc}n| ocir# Nk egdk| g |}g}kekc} }ng} }nk eglnbck ngm }o ak|}ozzkm aklg{|k }nk `oom| egc{hgl}{qkm pb}n b} pkqk co} ho{cm }oak {z}o }nk qkw{bqkm |}gcmgqm ar }nk a{rkq| gcm }nk gzziblgc} pkqkegdbc` io|k|# Nopkxkq) nk lo{im co} zqom{lk loezigbc} oh gcr oh }nkl{|}oekq| bc pqb}bc`# Nk po{im co} |}g}k g| }o nop egcr qoii| pkqk|oim ar }nk gzziblgc} m{qbc` }nk rkgq 722>%22 gcm 1:::%:7# Nkgmeb}}km }ng} }nkr pkqk co} egbc}gbcbc` gcr gllo{c}| oh |gigqbk|)pg`k| akbc` zgbm }o poqdkq|# ]nk pb}ck|| gmeb}| gc bcxoblk g}K~nbab}%GP 7/2 gao{} }nk |{zzir oh }nk eglnbck a{} mok| co} lochbqe}ng} b} pg| bc q{ccbc` locmb}boc# Lqo||%k~gebcg}boc oh }nk o}nkqgzziblgc}| pb}ck||) \nqb F{`gi Db|noqk) pg| ibeb}km }o gloee{cblg}boc mg}km 7=}n Ol}oakq) 7222 g} K~nbab}%GP 7/7: qk`gqmbc`g ik}}kq z{qzoq}bc` }o ngxk akkc |kc} ar }nk gzziblgc} }o }nkqk|zocmkc} |kkdbc` qkh{cm oh Q| 8=;::/% hqoe }nk qk|zocmkc} giik`km}o ngxk akkc zgbm }o }nk qk|zocmkc} bc k~lk|| gcm gi|o {q`bc` }nkqk|zocmkc} }o |{zzir lkq}gbc gllk||oqbk|# ]nb| ik}}kq pg| mkcbkm ar}nk qk|zocmkc} gcm m{qbc` }nk lqo||%k~gebcg}boc }nk pb}ck||bc|b|}km }ng} }nk ik}}kq pg| |kc} ar nbe }o }nk qk|zocmkc}#

72# Hqoe }nk mkzo|b}boc egmk ar }nk gzziblgc}| pb}ck||k|) b} b| kxbmkc}}ng} }nk eglnbck pg| mkibxkqkm oc gcm pg| bc ozkqg}boc}bii g}ikg|} F{ck) 1::1# ]nkqk pg| zqom{l}boc oh AOZZ }gzk| gcm }nkqkpg| g |gik oh }nk|k }gzk| g| pkii# Qgp eg}kqbgi| pkqk gi|o akbc`zqol{qkm hoq zqom{lbc` |{ln }gzk|# Kxbmkclk ik} ar }nk gzziblgc} ng|co} akkc oh e{ln nkiz pnbln po{im g}}qba{}k io||k| lg{|km }o b}aklg{|k oh }nk giik`km {cmkq%zkqhoqegclk oh }nk eglnbck# ]nkloezigbc} qk`gqmbc` mkhblbkclr oh }nk eglnbck oh zqom{lbc` }nkZ#X#L# }gzk| pg| gi|o co} iom`km zqboq }o 72224 pnbln po{im ak e{lnakrocm }nk |}bz{ig}km pgqqgc}r zkqbom hoq }nk eglnbck#

1:# Pb}ck||) \nqb Zgqk|n Gni{pgibg) pno pg| g mbqkl}oq bc }nk qk|zocmkc}loezgcr) ligqbhbkm }ng} b} b| }nk zqgl}blk pb}n }nk qk|zocmkc} loezgcr}ng} }no{`n }nkr mo co} gipgr| qklkbxk }nk h{ii geo{c} oh gmxgclk g|

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qkw{bqkm ar }nke) }nkr |}gq} egc{hgl}{qbc` }nk eglnbck ocg||{qgclk|# B} gi|o kigaoqg}k| bc nb| |}g}kekc} }ng} }nk eglnbck|{zzibkm ar }nke b| lgzgaik oh zqom{lbc` g| egcr g| n{cmqkm ommzqom{l}| a{} }nk gzziblgc} ngm loee{cblg}km }nkbq qkw{bqkekc} ohzqom{l}boc oh AOZZ }gzk|) Z#X#L# }gzk| gcm igaki }gzk| oh zgzkq|

ocir# ]nk eglnbck pg| lgzgaik oh ekk}bc` gii }nk }nqkk qkw{bqkekc}|oh }nk gzziblgc}# ]nk eglnbck pg| lgzgaik oh zqom{lbc` Z#X#L# }gzk|ar egbc}gbcbc` }nk mb|}gclk ak}pkkc }nk qoiikq| g| 1:# Lkq}gbc b}ke|g| ekc}bockm bc Gcck~{qk%G) zg`k 7; oh nb| ghhbmgxb} pkqk co}cklk||gqr pb}n }nk hbcgi eombhbkm eglnbck gcm pkqk co} |{zzibkm# ]nkq{ccbc` oh }nk eglnbck pg| mkeoc|}qg}km g} }nk }bek oh bc|}giig}bocgcm }nk mkeoc|}qg}boc pg| egmk hoq gii }nk bc}kcmkm zqom{l}|# B} ng|akkc |}g}km ar }nk pb}ck|| }ng} b} b| co} }nkbq zqgl}blk }o mqgp g|kqxblk qkzoq} gh}kq }nk eglnbck b| |{zzibkm# Qk|zocmkc} f{|}|g}b|hbk| }nk a{rkq| pb}n }nk }qbgi q{ccbc` gcm }nkqk b| co k~lngc`k ohqkzoq}# ]o g |zklbhbl w{kqr gao{} }nk coc%|{zzir oh }nk b}ke| g} 1l") m"( k" oh zqohoqeg bcxoblk mg}km =}n Coxkeakq) 7228) pb}ck|| |}g}km}ng} }nk|k b}ke| pkqk co} |{zzibkm }o }nk gzziblgc} hbcgiir oc }nk`qo{cm }ng} pnkc }nk gzziblgc} k~zqk||km nb| mk|bqk }o egc{hgl}{qkAOZZ }gzk|) zgzkq igaki| gcm Z#X#L# }gzk| ocir }nk eglnbck pg|glloqmbc`ir eombhbkm gcm qkmk|b`ckm }o }nk k~}kc} oh ekk}bc` }nkqkw{bqkekc}| oh zqom{lbc` }nk|k }nqkk b}ke|# G} zgqg 7= oh nb|ghhbmgxb} oh kxbmkclk) }nb| pb}ck|| gxkq| }ng} }nk egc{hgl}{qk oh ao}nZ#X#L# Bc|{ig}boc ]gzk| gcm AOZZ zgldbc` }gzk| pg| |g}b|hgl}oqbirmkeoc|}qg}km ar }nk qk|zocmkc} bc }nk zqk|kclk oh }nk gzziblgc} g}}nk |}g`k oh }qbgi oh }nk eglnbck# Co loezigbc}| pkqk qgb|km ar }nkgzziblgc} g} }nk |}g`k oh }qbgi oh }nk eglnbck oq g} gcr |}g`k m{qbc`}nk pgqqgc}r zkqbom# B} gi|o |}g}k| h{q}nkq bc }nk |gek zgqg`qgzn }ng}}nk gzziblgc}| pb}ck|| \nqb Fg`mb|n Akqqr) ngm |}g}km }ng} o{} oh >:d`| oh qgp eg}kqbgi .AOZZ" z{qlng|km ar }nk gzziblgc} hqoe E/\ Hik~Bcm{|}qbk| I}m# Gzziblgc} pg| gaik }o oa}gbc g }o}gi oh 0; qoii| oh 8;ek}kq| ikc }n gcm => ee pbm}n) g} }nk hbcb|nkm zqom{l}|# ]nb|glloqmbc` }o }nk pb}ck|| po{im zqoxk }ng} }nk zkqhoqegclk oheglnbck pg| coqegi gcm |g}b|hgl}oqr bc kxkqr qk|zkl} g| }nk o{}z{}ligbekm ar }nk gzziblgc}| pb}ck|| b| loc|b|}kc} pb}n gllkz}kmzqom{l}boc coqe|# ]nb| pb}ck|| pg| co} lqo||%k~gebckm ar }nkgzziblgc} oc }nb| zgqg`qgzn oh }nk ghhbmgxb} oh kxbmkclk oh }nk pb}ck||#

Hqoe gc gcgir|b| oh }nk kxbmkclk oh ao}n }nk zgq}bk| gcm }nk hgl}||}g}km ar }nke) hoiiopbc` locli{|boc| gqk bckxb}gaik6

g" Qk|zocmkc} ngm qklkbxkm h{ii zgrekc} oh b}| ag|blzqblk| zi{| }g~ }nkqkoh oh }nk eglnbck| }nk|{zzibkm ar }nke4

a" Gzziblgc} ngm co} gmnkqkm }o }bek ibeb}| hoqegdbc` gmxgclk zgrekc}| pnbik ziglbc` }nk oqmkq

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bc }kqe| oh }nk ohhkq egmk ar }nk qk|zocmkc} bc}nkbq loee{cblg}boc mg}km =}n Coxkeakq) 7222#

l" ]nk eglnbck gioc` pb}n b}| gllk||oqbk| qkglnkm}nk zqkeb|k| oh }nk gzziblgc} oc # }nk

mkigr bc mkibxkqr) bh gcr) b| co} g}}qba{}gaik }oqk|zocmkc}#

m" ]nk eglnbck pg| bc|}giikm gcm mkeoc|}qg}km }o aklgzgaik oh zqom{lbc` gii }nk zqom{l}| bc}kcmkm ar}nk gzziblgc}#

k" ]nk eglnbck mkhbcb}kir pg| bc ozkqg}boc g}ikg|}{z}o F{ck 1::1#

h" Co loezigbc} gao{} }nk eglnbck pg| iom`k pb}nbcpgqqgc}r zkqbom#

`" ]nkqk pg| gc k~lk|| zgrekc} oh Q| 1;:::/% ar }nkgzziblgc} oxkq }nk ag|bl zqblk# Qk|zocmkc} ng||o{`n} b} }o ak gmf{|}km g`gbc|} }nk bc}kqk|}ibgabib}bk| gllq{bc` }o }nk gzziblgc} hoq }nk zkqbom}nk eglnbck dkz} qkgmr gcm bmik g} }nk zqkeb|k| oh}nk qk|zocmkc} |bclk 7220# Nopkxkq) qk|zocmkc}ng| co} akkc gaik }o ziglk gcr mol{ekc}gqrkxbmkclk oq o}nkqpb|k }o zqoxk }ng} |{ln g ibgabib}rpo{im gllq{k {zoc }nk gzziblgc}# Bc |{ln g|b}{g}boc k~lk|| zgrekc} oh Q| 1;:::/% |}oompb}nnkim ar }nk qk|zocmkc}# Qk|zocmkc} ng| co}ziglkm oc qkloqm gcr loee{cblg}boc pnbln b}eb`n} ngxk |kc} }o }nk gzziblgc} gmxb|bc` nbe }ng}b} pg| gzzqozqbg}bc` Q| 1;:::/% }opgqm| }nk |olgiikm bc}kqk|} ibgabib}r lgil{ig}km ar }nkqk|zocmkc} oc gllo{c} oh }nk eglnbck irbc` bmik#

n" Lkq}gbc kw{bzekc}| pnbln pkqk zgq} oh }nk bcxoblkmg}km =}n Coxkeakq 7222 gcm }nk lo|} oh }nk|kpkqk bcli{mkm bc }nk hbcgi zqblk w{o}km bc }ng}bcxoblk pkqk co} |{zzibkm ar }nk qk|zocmkc} }o }nkgzziblgc}# Bh }nk|k b}ke| pkqk co} cklk||gqr g| }nkgzziblgc} ngm ibeb}km b}| qkw{bqkekc}|) qk|zocmkc}|no{im ngxk k~li{mkm lo|}| bcxoixkm hoq }nk|kb}ke| hqoe }nk zqblk w{o}km bc }nk hbcgi bcxoblk#Qk|zocmkc} ngxk ziglkm }nk xgi{k oh }nk|k b}ke|}ng} ngxk co} akkc |{zzibkm g} Q| >;::/% xbmk }nkbqghhbmgxb} mg}km 10}n Hkaq{gqr 1::0# ]nk gzziblgc})oc }nk o}nkq ngcm) ngxk bc }nkbq qkzir ghhbmgxb}

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giik`km }ng} }nk coc%|{zzir oh }nk|k b}ke| hoqlkm}nke }o |kl{qk g |zib}}kq eglnbck gcm lnbiikmpg}kq zigc}# Pk hbcm hqoe }nk loezgqb|oc pb}n }nkbcxoblk mg}km Coxkeakq) 7228 zqoxbmkm ar }nkqk|zocmkc} }ng} }nk qk|zocmkc} ngm co}

loeeb}}km }o |{zzir lnbiikm pg}kq zigc} gcm b} ng|co} akkc zqoxkm ar }nk gzziblgc} }ng} }nkr pkqkgmxb|km }o a{r g l{}}kq ocir hoq coc%|{zzir oh }nkb}ke g} zgqg%1l") m" ( k" oh }nk bcxoblk#

17#M{qbc` }nk lo{q|k oh }nk gq`{ekc}|) }nk gzziblgc} |}g}km }ng} b} ng||bclk |oim }nk eglnbck g} g zqblk oh Q| 7#>: igdn|# ]nk gzziblgc} ngmco} aqo{`n} }nb| hgl} }o }nk co}blk oh }nk loeeb||boc oq }nk o}nkqzgq}r g} gcr |}g`k#

11#Hqoe }nk oxkqgii hbcmbc`| gqqbxkm g} g| gaoxk) pk noim }ng} }nkqk|zocmkc} ngxk bcm{i`km bc {chgbq }qgmk zqgl}blk| bc pb}nnoimbc` Q|1;:::/% oh k~lk|| zgrekc} ar }nke pb}no{} }kcmkqbc` gcr k~zigcg}boc}o }nk gzziblgc}# H{q}nkq zqgl}blk oh co} k~li{mbc` }nk lo|} hoq }nkb}ke| co} |{zzibkm po{im gi|o }gc}geo{c} }o {chgbq }qgmk zqgl}blk|#Ao}n }nk|k locm{l}| po{im hgii pb}nbc }nk ekgcbc` oh \kl}boc ;::/% glloqmbc` }o }nk qk|zocmkc} b}|kih#

1

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Igp Ibaqgqr Abaibo`qgznr Loiikl}boc

Mkgibc` pb}n [chgbq ]qgmk Zqgl}blk| % Lgqi A{bd% Gmmb| Gagag

LNGZ]KQ BX]NK EOCOZOIBK\ GCM QK\]QBL]BXK ]QGMK

ZQGL]BLK\ GL])7282 6

\klocmgqr \o{qlk|

Pka|b}k| % ppp#xgdbico7#loe

% ppp#nkizibckigp#loe

O}nkq \o{qlk|

Aood%A{|bck|| Igp| Ock \no{im Dcop%Cganb Z{aiblg}boc

1::> Kmb}bocZ`%117 }o Z` 118

A{|bck|| \}gcmgqm

A{|bck|| Igp hoq Egcg`kekc}%D#Q#A{ilngcmgcb

KZBIO@[K

]nk egbc hbcmbc`| gao{} }nk |{afkl} gqk g|}o{cmbc`# Gh}kq kxgi{g}bc` }nkgaoxk lg|k b} ng| akkc mkqbxkm }ng} }nkqk gqk |zklbgi qkekmbk| g`gbc|}{chgbq }qgmk zqgl}blk|#

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]nk hoiiopbc` gqk }nk qkekmbk|6Pnkqk gh}kq gc bcw{bqr bc}o gc {chgbq }qgmk zqgl}blk) }nk loeeb||boc b| ohozbcboc }ng} }nk zqgl}blk b| zqkf{mblbgi }o }nk z{aibl bc}kqk|}) oq }o }nkbc}kqk|} oh gcr loc|{ekq oq loc|{ekq| `kckqgiir) b} egr oqmkq }ng}

g" }nk zqgl}blk |ngii ak mb|loc}bc{km oq |ngii co} ak qkzkg}km4

a" gcr g`qkkekc} qkig}bc` }o |{ln zqgl}blk| |ngii ak xobm oq |ngii |}gcmeombhbkm bc }nk |zklbhbkm egcckq4

l" gcr bchoqeg}boc) |}g}kekc} oq gmxkq}b|kekc} qkig}bc` }o |{ln zqgl}blk|ngii ak mb|lio|km) b||{km oq z{aib|nkm) bc }nk |zklbhbkm egcckq#

Nopkxkq) }nk Loeeb||boc egr zkqeb}) oc gc gzziblg}boc ar }nkloclkqckm zgq}r) }o lgqqr oc gcr }qgmk zqgl}blk gh}kq }gdbc` |{ln |}kz|)pb}nbc }nk |zklbhbkm }bek) g| egr ak cklk||gqr }o kc|{qk }ng} }nk }qgmkzqgl}blk b| co ioc`kq zqkf{mblbgi }o }nk z{aibl bc}kqk|} oq }o }nk bc}kqk|} ohgcr loc|{ekq oq loc|{ekq| `kckqgiir# Gcm) bh }nk loclkqckm zgq}r }gdk|}nk cklk||gqr |}kz| pb}nbc }nk |zklbhbkm }bek) co} }o egdk gcr oh }nkghoqk|gbm zqonbab}oqr oqmkq|#

LQO\\ QKHKQKCLK BCMK^

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LG\K IGP

78}n Kmb}boc%Ol}oakq 1::>

L]F % Loc|{ekq Zqo}kl}boc gcm ]qgmk Zqgl}blk| Fo{qcgi

1::> L]F 177 .EQ]Z"

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Date post:	06-Apr-2018
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Unfair Trade Practices Thesis

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