UNIVERZA V MARIBORU

FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA

Oddelek za anglistiko in amerikanistiko

DIPLOMSKO DELO

Andreja Koban

Maribor, 2009

UNIVERZA V MARIBORU

FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA

Oddelek za amerikanistiko in anglistiko

Diploma work

THE ENGLISH MODAL AND SEMI-MODAL

VERBS EXPRESSING OBLIGATION

A Critical Review

Mentor: Candidate:

Doc. dr. Jurančič Petek Klementina Andreja Koban

Maribor, 2009

Lektorica za slovenski jezik: Margit Berlič Ferlinc, prof. ang. in slov.

ACKNOWLEDMENTS

I would like to thank and extend my sincere gratitude to the following persons

who have made the completion of my diploma work possible. Firstly, to my

mentor doc. dr. Klementina Jurančič Petek, for her professional help, guidance

and advice and especially for her inspiration. Most especially to my family, for

their encouragement, understanding and motivation and to all of those who have

supported me during my studies.

I Z J A V A

Podpisana Andreja Koban, rojena 15.11.1982, študentka Filozofske fakultete

Univerze v Mariboru, smer Angleščina s književnostjo in zgodovina, izjavljam, da

je diplomsko delo z naslovom THE ENGLISH MODAL AND SEMI-MODAL

VERBS EXPRESSING OBLIGATION – A Critical Review pri mentorju doc. dr.

Klementini Jurančič Petek, avtorsko delo.

V diplomskem delu so uporabljeni viri in literatura korektno navedeni; teksti niso

prepisani brez navedbe avtorjev.

__________________________________

Maribor, 27.07.2009

ABSTRACT

The diploma work is based on English modal and semi – modal verbs expressing

obligation and on the critical review of their Slovene translations in the novels

»Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen and »Seduction« by Amanda Quick (Jayne

Ann Krentz). The main problem dealt within the diploma work is the adequacy of

Slovene translations and the degree in which the English modality is preserved or

on the other hand completely ignored. The research is based on the novels from

different time periods and as such provides also the opportunity for the critical

overview of the extent in which modality is originally used in each novel. The

comparison is therefore made on four levels (Eng.-Eng., 1st Eng.-Slo., 2nd Eng.-

Slo., Slo.-Slo.).

KEY WORDS

English modal verbs, English semi-modal verbs, English modals of obligation,

Dynamic necessity, Deontic necessity.

POVZETEK

Diplomsko delo temelji na angleških modalnih in polmodalnih glagolih, ki

izražajo obvezo, in na kritičnem pregledu njihovih slovenskih prevodov v romanih

»Privzetnost in pristranost« avtorice Jane Austen ter »Zapeljevanje« avtorice

Amande Quick (Jayne Ann Krentz). Osrednji raziskovalni problem diplomskega

dela je primernost slovenskih prevodov in stopnja, do katere se pomen angleške

modalnosti ohranja oziroma po drugi strani popolnoma izključuje. Raziskava

temelji na romanih iz različnih časovnih obdobij in tako ponuja možnost tudi za

kritični pregled dejanske razsežnosti uporabe modalnih in polmodalnih glagolov v

izvornih delih. Primerjava je tako narejena na štirih ravneh (ang. - ang., 1. ang. -

slo., 2. ang. - slo., slo. - slo.).

KLJUČNE BESEDE

Angleški modalni glagoli, angleški polmodalni glagoli, angleški modalni glagoli

obligacije, dynamic necessity, deontic necessity.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE ............................................................................................................... 1

1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 2

2 THEORETICAL PART ............................................................................... 3

2.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH MODALITY .................. 3

2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF THE MODALS AND SEMI-MODALS

EXPRESSING OBLIGATION IN THE SENSE OF DEONTIC AND

DYNAMIC NECESSITY ............................................................................. 4

2.2.1 MUST ............................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 HAVE (GOT) TO ................................................................................................ 7 2.2.3 MUST VS. HAVE (GOT) TO ................................................................................ 8 2.2.4 HAD BETTER .................................................................................................. 10 2.2.5 SHOULD AND OUGHT TO ................................................................................ 10 2.2.6 NEED ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.7 DYNAMIC AND DEONTIC NECESSITY .............................................................. 14

3 EMPIRICAL PART ................................................................................... 15

3.1 PURPOSE .................................................................................................... 15

3.2 ANALYSIS AND DETAILED DEFINITION ......................................... 15

3.2.1 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................... 15 3.2.2 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS ................................................................................. 16

3.3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 16

3.3.1 RESEARCH METHODS ..................................................................................... 16 3.3.2 RESEARCH PATTERN ...................................................................................... 17

3.4 RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE COLLECTED DATA17

3.4.1 CLASSIFICATION OF MODAL AND SEMI – MODAL VERBS FOUND IN THE NOVELS

»PRIDE AND PREJUDICE« AND »SEDUCTION« ................................................ 17 3.4.2 THE ADEQUACY OF THE SLOVENE TRANSLATIONS ACCORDING TO THE

FUNCTION OF MODALS AND SEMI – MODALS IN ENGLISH ............................... 30

3.5 ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCHED MATERIAL .............................. 44

3.6 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................... 48

BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................ 49

SUPPLEMENTS .................................................................................................. 50

TABLE OF FIGURES

Diagram 1: The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«. ................ 44

Diagram 2: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in

»Pride and Prejudice«. ........................................................................................... 44

Diagram 3: The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«. ............................... 45

Diagram 4: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in

»Seduction«. ........................................................................................................... 45

Diagram 5: The frequency of modals in both novels. ............................................ 46

Diagram 6: The relation between dynamic and deontic necessity within and

between both novels. .............................................................................................. 46

Diagram 7: The comparison of both Slovene translations. .................................... 47

1

PREFACE

In my diploma work I am basically concentrating on the problem of translation of

the English modal and semi – modal verbs into Slovene. English language has a

very complex modality system in comparison with Slovene, which is by all means

not so extensive. In addition to the later, we can face problems translating English

modals and one of the biggest problems can occur, when we try to preserve the

actual meaning of an English modal or semi – modal for that matter. For that

reason I have decided to critically review the existent Slovene translations made

in literary works.

2

1 INTRODUCTION

For the research purposes I have decided to concentrate on modals and semi –

modals that express obligation. The main idea was to find the examples of that

kind of modality in two literary works, which are »Pride and Prejudice« by Jane

Austen and »Seduction« by Amanda Quick and compare them to the Slovene

translations. My main concern was to establish in what extent the Slovene

translations are adequate and modality preserved and what is the degree of

deviation, if that exists. With the usage of two novels from the different time

periods, I have gain the opportunity to compare in which extent the modality is

used in each of the English originals. Furthermore the translations into Slovene

are made by different translators, which gave me a possibility of comparison also

between those two. The critical comparison is therefore made on four levels.

Firstly, the comparison between English and Slovene version of each novel was

made, secondly the comparison between both English novels and thirdly the

comparison between both Slovene translations.

3

2 THEORETICAL PART

2.1 General introduction to English modality

Palmer (1990, p. 1) states that modality is one of a number of semantic-

grammatical features that according to Jespersen (1924, p. 56; cited from Palmer,

1990, p. 1): »Janus-like face both ways, towards form, and towards notion«.

Furthermore he says that the tense in English is concerned with the distinctions

found in like/liked, take/took, etc. and the notion of time, while grammatical

number is concerned with the distinctions in cat/cats, mouse/mice etc. and the

notion of enumeration. He also suggests a possibility, to discuss such categories

typologically or across languages. This involves first the identification of formal

grammatical categories in different languages, and secondly the identification of

them as being the same in terms of their shared meanings.

In continuation, Palmer (1990, p. 2) states that the situation with modality is rather

different, because there is no simple, clearly definable, semantic category, such as

time and enumeration. He therefore resorts to Lyons's (1977, p. 452; cited from

Palmer, 1990, p. 2) definition, which suggests that modality is concerned with the

'opinion and attitude' of the speaker and marks it as a fairly helpful preliminary

definition. In his opinion there is certainly the case that investigation has shown

that there are very different formal systems, such as the modal verbs in English,

the subjunctive mood in both modern and classical languages of Europe and the

system of clitics or particles in Australian and American Indian languages that

have much in common in terms of the meanings that they express. The meanings

expressed by the modal verbs in English represent, according to Palmer (1987, p.

96; 1990, p. 2), to a large degree, those that are to be included in a typological

account of modality. He furthermore states that for English, and indeed for other

languages, it is necessary to distinguish the more central modal meanings and

those that are more peripheral.

In his opinion, in any language, a grammatical system can be described as modal

only if it expresses part of the central set of modal meanings. Although one of the

most interesting things about an investigation of modality, by his opinion, is that

other modal systems often express meanings that are not associated with modality

4

in English, yet can be shown to be closely related in some way or other to these

more central notions. But the closeness of this relationship is in his opinion,

essentially a matter of degree and as a result he states that it is by no means easy

to delimit the semantic range of the more widely defined category of modality.

2.2 Classification of the modals and semi-modals expressing

obligation in the sense of deontic and dynamic necessity

The dividing line between deontic and dynamic modality is far less easy to

establish than the distinction between epistemic modality and other kinds of

modality. Nevertheless there are semantic and syntactic features that justify

treating them as two separate kinds. There are two degrees of necessity and

deontic necessity is more problematic to establish. In most cases there is no clear

line between the uses of modals for deontic and neutral dynamic necessity. Some

modals, also never express discourse oriented necessity, but neutral or

'circumstantial' necessity (Palmer, 1990, p. 69, 113).

2.2.1 Must

The modal must represents the deontic modality only when the speaker or writer

clearly takes responsibility for the imposing of the necessity, which is clearly

shown in the following example (Palmer, 1990, p. 73).

»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore

you must visit him as soon as he comes.« (PP)

Here the speaker reports what he is doing with urge. Furthermore the speaker may

also report what someone else deontically requires as in the next example (Palmer,

1990, p. 73).

The Faculty of Art is saying ''These people must be expelled if they cheat on the

exams''. (AK)

A new insistence from premier Pahor that the opposition must negotiate if there's

to be any settlement. (AK)

5

In the second of the above examples must occurs in a subordinate clause, but the

sense is the same – the speaker reports that Pahor deontically ''insists''. There are

also other examples of deontic must, where the context itself is not helpful

(Palmer, 1990, p. 73).

You must keep this to yourself, don't talk with your parents about it. (AK)

The above example is clearly a very firm piece of advice, almost an imperative.

Sometimes must is also used for invitations, which might seem a little odd

(Palmer, 1990, p. 73).

Well, you must say where you want to go for your holiday. (AK)

Oh, you must come round and visit us in Ljubljana. (AK)

In the above examples it is relevant that in both cases the subject is ''you''. Palmer

(1990, p. 73) notes at this point that the important thing here is that deontic

necessity usually implies that the speaker is in a position to lay the obligation, and

is thus in a position of some authority; it would, therefore, not seem to be

appropriate in invitations, in which the speaker should not appear to be giving

orders or making demands, or in any way implying that he has the authority to

ensure compliance. Palmer (1990, p. 73) continuous that it is in fact, polite to be

insistent in matters in which the person addressed is the beneficiary from the

action; one can thus firmly insist that he says where he wants to go on holiday, or

that he pays a visit. Palmer (1990, p. 73) implies that in this cases is nothing very

odd about the use of must; it merely reflects a social convention. Furthermore,

must is in his opinion, often used in a rather weaker sense with a limited set of

verbs all related to the act of conversation – I must say / admit / be honest / ask

you / reiterate / confess / concede / mention and you must remember / admit /

realize / understand, etc. With these, he thinks, there is still an element of

discourse orientation; the speaker either imposes the obligation on himself and by

so doing actually performs the act, or else asks his hearer to behave in a similar

fashion. The mentioned is clearly seen from the following examples:

»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that

I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain

desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../« (PP)

6

You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a

courtship. (S)

From the above, we can see that must is sometimes used where there is deontic or

discourse oriented modality. Must also often occurs where, in assertion, there is

little or no indication of the involvement of the speaker, which is considered as

dynamic necessity and is seen in the next examples (Palmer, 1990, p. 113).

I lunched yesterday with one of the leaders of the opposition party whose name

must obviously be kept quiet. (AK)

If the management should be consulted, so too must the board of the company.

(AK)

There are also examples in which the subject is either ''I'' or ''we'', and it is fairly

clear that the meaning is simply ''It is necessary for me / us to...''. Generally

speaking we do not lay obligations upon ourselves, which is clearly shown in the

following examples (Palmer, 1990, p. 113).

I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy. (S)

I must ask for that week off, since we are going to Paris. (AK)

We must have it out, clean it and prepare it for the Sunday's barbecue. (AK)

Further examples of this neutral must will be discussed in the chapter where must

is compared with have (got) to and as will be seen there is no obvious difference

in meaning.

The negative form of mustn't negates the proposition / event and expresses an

obligation not to act (Palmer, 1990, p. 117).

I think you mustn't worry too much about Jan, he will eventually find the right

solution. (Dynamic necessity) (AK)

Nothing must be changed in the store until she makes an inventory. (Dynamic

necessity) (AK)

You mustn't play with matches. (Deontic modality) (AK)

You mustn't go to that party. (Deontic modality) (AK)

7

Palmer (1990, p. 117) also states that it is also possible, with negative words and

appropriate stress, to deny the whole sentence. In this, however, it is not the

preposition that is negated, nor strictly the modality, but the whole sentence.

No one must go. (P)

You never must do it. (P)

Must has no past tense form, instead have to is used in neutral necessity. Must

may be used in interrogation if an already stated or implied must is being

questioned. (Palmer, 1990, 119-120).

Tony: You must go now.

Peter: Oh, must I go? (AK)

2.2.2 Have (got) to

Palmer (1987, p. 129; 1990, p. 114) states that there are four issues to be

considered when talking about have (got) to. First of all, whether there is any

difference between have to and have got to; secondly, what is the meaning of

these verbs; thirdly, how they differ from must; and finally, whether in fact the

deontic / distinction is a valid one. Furthermore he recognizes three points of

difference between have to and have got to. Firstly, have to is more formal and

have got to belongs to a more colloquial style and generally appears only in the

spoken texts. Secondly, have got to has no non-finite forms and instead the forms

of have to must be used. And thirdly, have got to is much rarer in the past tense,

and may differ in meaning from have to, in that only the latter usually implies

actuality.

The meaning of have (got) to in Palmer's (1990, p. 114) opinion is simply that of

''circumstances compel'' – external necessity, which is shown in the following

examples.

I have got to be at Maribor train station at seven o'clock. (AK)

There are four books that you've got to study for your history exam. (AK)

8

Palmer (1990, p. 115) states that the sense of external compulsion is sometimes

fairly strong and that it could be argued that to account for have (got) to we need

not only subject oriented and neutral necessity, but also external necessity.

Negative:

In the case of have (got) to the modality is negated not the proposition, which

furthermore mean simply ''It is not necessary...'' and therefore gives the possibility

for choice. There is no obligation what so ever.

You don't have to go to your grandmother's house if you are tired. (AK)

Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my

admirers. (S)

2.2.3 Must vs. Have (got) to

Palmer (1990, p. 115) suggests that there are three main points that have to be

made in contrasting have (got) to with must. Firstly, there are some contexts in

which these verbs are interchangeable and seem not to differ at all in meaning, but

it is very difficult to make intuitive decision about this. In every example of

dynamic necessity, must could replace have (got) to but it is not clear whether the

meaning would be really different. Palmer (1990, p. 115) implies that one can

insist that with must the speaker is in some way involved, even though his

involvement may be minimal, but that can hardly be proved. Furthermore he

implies that must and have (got) to sometimes occur in very similar environments

and this justifies the belief that in some circumstances no distinction can be drawn

between them or in other words, there may be some complete overlap in the area

of neutral necessity, which can be clearly seen in the following examples.

I must have a tourist visa. Otherwise I won’t be able to go to Egypt. (AK)

I've really got to know when the exam is taking place. Otherwise I might not be

able to apply myself on time. (AK)

In above examples, Palmer (1990, p. 115) states, there is no obvious speaker

involvement. He furthermore justifies his definition of overlap in neutral

necessity, with the next two examples (general instructions), where he thinks the

speaker is in no way personally involved.

9

When this happens you will see the boat's speed fall off and you must pay off just a

little. (P)

It's on the end of that safety line. All you've got to do is haul in. (P)

Palmer (1990, p. 116) concludes that these examples strongly suggest that the

speaker involvement is not always indicated by must in contrast with have (got)

to. On the other hand, he implies that must would not be used where it is clear that

there is external necessity. So, he draws, a distinction between three kinds of

necessity, deontic (subject oriented), neutral and external, and in his opinion it

could be said that must may be either deontic or neutral and have (got) to either

neutral or external and that negatively, have (got) to is never deontic and must

never external.

Secondly, Palmer (1990, p. 116) states that in the present tense have to and have

got to imply actuality, while must does not. This accounts for the use of have got

to in the following example where must could not be used.

It's a slow walk down the stage. Madonna has got to fight her way through the

crowd of fans. (AK)

This refers to Madonna actually in the process of fighting her way through. If

must had been used it could only refer to the future, to the necessity in the future

to fight his way through; have got to indicates that he is actually doing so (Palmer,

1990, p. 116).

Thirdly, Palmer (1990, p. 116) implies that since must, like the other modals, has

no non-finite forms, only have to can be used where a non-finite form is required

(after another modal or similar form). The example of which is as follows.

It's too late now to apply him for scuba diving class. I would have had to do that

last month. (AK)

I am going to have to take a loan to buy a house. (AK)

It is not only 'must' that has no finite forms however – neither does have got to.

Only have to can be used in such circumstances (Palmer, 1990, p. 116).

10

2.2.4 Had better

Palmer (1990, p. 82) notes that formally 'had better' is modal – with no third

person –s form, no to, and a negative 'hadn't better' or 'had better not'.

Semantically it seems to be deontic in the loose sense in which 'should' and 'ought

to' might be so considered. The speaker advises the hearer of his best course of

action, and is fairly firm about his advice with the implication that unpleasant

consequences may follow if it is not taken, as in the next example.

You'd better ask him when you can take your final exam. (AK)

If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better

learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge. (S)

However, it is by no means clear that the speaker is in any way taking

responsibility. It would seem rather that he is more concerned with hinting at the

consequences. If so, this is not deontic modality, but neutral dynamic, like 'have

(got) to'. Syntactically, however, 'had better' is like the deontic modals in that it

has no past tense forms. The nearest paraphrase in the past is 'It would have been

better for...', with the modality indicated by the conditional 'would have' rather

than a modal. The negative form 'hadn't better', moreover, like 'mustn't', negates

the proposition not the modality; it advises non-action. 'Had better' also seems to

be voice-neutral. For these reason it seems to be a deontic modal (Palmer, 1990, p.

82).

2.2.5 Should and ought to

Palmer (1990, p. 122) states that it is not at all clear that (except in subordinate

clauses) English makes any distinction between should and ought to. And in his

opinion they seem to be largely interchangeable even with tag questions, since he

finds nothing odd about the following use of the both:

Matej ought to help you with this, shouldn't he? (AK)

The only point to arise from the Palmer's (1990, p. 122) survey is that should is

more common than ought to. Palmer (1990, p. 123) also states that should and

ought to are clearly necessity modals in that, like must they are concerned with

obligations, duty, etc., but, in some sense, they are rather weaker than must. One

11

obvious difference is, by his opinion, that must does not allow for the event

referred to not to take place, as shown by the impossibility of the next example:

Tanja must finish college, but she won't. (AK)

By contrast, there is nothing unusual about:

Tanja should / ought to finish college, but she won't. (AK)

By Palmer's (1990, p. 123) opinion it is then reasonable, to consider the difference

between must and should / ought to in terms of actuality, or whether or not there is

an implication that the event referred to will take place, or has taken place, and to

look at examples of should / ought to in that light. He therefore makes the

following assumptions:

a) Often there is actually an implication that the event does not or did not take

place, an implication of non-actuality (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).

You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on

offering for me. (S)

You ought to be ashamed not to help your mother, but you aren't. (AK)

It is significant, too, that both occur commonly with a comparative adverb or

adjective (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).

You should exercise more. You don't exercise enough, my dear. (AK)

I think students ought to be better informed about their employment

possibilities. (AK)

The implication is, of course, that the subject failed to reach the standards

suggested (Palmer, 1990, p. 123).

b) Often, however, ought to and should are quite neutral in their implication of

actuality, especially where there is reference to future events (Palmer, 1990, p.

123).

Should be interesting. (S)

So perhaps I ought to ask you some further questions for higher grade. (AK)

12

c) In some examples there is a suggestion that the event is actualized, but, even

so, the speaker does not fully commit himself to that implication, as he would

have done with has to (Palmer, 1990, p. 123- 124).

Well it ought to be, at that price. (P)

Palmer (1990, p. 124) furthermore points out that the forms should have and

ought to have nearly always imply that the event did not take place.

...and Andreja should have started work in June. (AK)

This is, by Palmer's (1990, p. 124) opinion, in striking contrast with had to which

generally implies that the event did, in fact, take place. He points out that these

forms were earlier treated as the past tense forms of should and ought to, with the

implication that it is the modality that is referred to as being past. Yet one might

imagine, from the form itself, in parallel with similar forms for the epistemic

modals, that have indicates the pastness of the proposition. This, however, would

make, as Palmer (1990, p. 124) puts it, little semantic sense; there can be no

obligation, duty, necessity in the present to perform acts in the past.

Palmer (1990, p. 125) states that negative forms oughtn't to or shouldn't negate the

proposition, which means that there is a necessity not to act. He further points out

that in this case it is the (negative) proposition that is unreal, with the implication

that the event did, in fact, take place.

Manja was being very critical on the subject of abortion, but she shouldn't have

been talking only about one point of view. (AK)

He should never have spoken at all, since he hasn't got any clue what is going on.

(AK)

Palmer (1990, p. 126) roughly paraphrases the use of discussed modals above as

follows: Shouldn't / oughtn't to – is ''necessary-not'' and would not happen;

Shouldn't have / oughtn't to have – was ''necessary-not'' and would not have

happened.

13

Palmer (1990, p. 126) states that for the negation of modality there is no obvious

form. In his opinion need may, perhaps, supply the forms but, it seems also to be

the verb used to correspond to must.

Interrogatives can question only the modality. The negative forms are normally

used either in their normal negative interrogative function or as tags (Palmer,

1990, p. 126).

Ought it not to be possible, that men and women would make some kind of

compromise and just get along? (AK)

Yes, because this ought to be done tomorrow, oughtn't it? (AK)

Oughtn't to and shouldn't can also be used for questions about the negative

(Palmer, 1990, p. 126).

Shouldn't Tanja Come? (AK)

Palmer (1990, p. 126) suggests that above may mean either, ''Is it the case that

Tanja shouldn't come?'' or ''Isn't it the case that Tanja should come?''

2.2.6 Need

In the case of need there is a modal and a non-modal. They are formally

distinguished in that, that only the latter had non-finite forms, an –s form and

occurs with to, while the modal has the ''nice'' properties and it will not normally

occur in code or emphatic affirmation (Palmer, 1990, p. 127)

Examples are:

Tanja may need to stay a couple of nights, her apartment is being renovated.

(AK)

Although your solution is pretty good, I think it isn't the one that we need go for.

(AK)

The first example is a clear example of the main verb. In the second the absence

of to indicates this is the modal, not the main verb, and although there is no

negation in the clause, there is, a negative in a higher clause, which makes the

modal possible (Palmer, 1990, p. 127).

14

Problems with modal need occur, by Palmer's (1990, p. 127, 128) opinion, with

the forms used for non-assertion and past tense. He makes the following points

about the latter:

a) In negative assertion needn't is the form used to negate the modality for

necessity (''not-necessary''), in contrast with mustn't, which negates the

proposition as was already mentioned.

b) In present positive interrogation there seems to be no difference in meaning

between the modal and non-modal, both merely questioning the necessity.

Need I say more? (AK)

Do I need to say more? (AK)

Palmer (1990, p. 128) points out only the stylistic difference which is that the non-

modal verb is more likely to occur in formal or written texts.

c) The non-modal need is more likely to be used as a negative interrogative.

d) The past tense forms of the full verb function normally, and express ''not

necessary''.

2.2.7 Dynamic and deontic necessity

Palmer (1990, p. 131) suggests that it could be argued that must and have (got) to

are always deontic, provided that a distinction is drawn between ''subjective'' and

''objective'' deontic modality. The difference between them would then, by Palmer

(1990, p. 131) opinion, lie in the deontic source, with must it would often be the

speaker, with have (got) to it would never be the speaker. Palmer (1990, p. 131)

furthermore explains that while must might sometimes be subjective, have (got) to

would always be objective, but both would be deontic in that some kind of deontic

necessity was involved.

The above would, by Palmer (1990, p. 131) opinion, provide one obvious

advantage, which is that it would account for the deontic and dynamic uses of

must within a single kind of modality. But he furthermore argues that such a

solution would suggest that a similar analysis should be provided for possibility,

which is on the other hand much more clearly distinct and such a solution couldn't

be applied.

15

3 EMPIRICAL PART

3.1 Purpose

The purpose of my diploma work is to establish, if the Slovene translations of the

English modal and semi – modal verbs are adequate and if they preserve their

actual meaning. Furthermore, I will try to establish the frequency in which the

English modal and semi – modal verbs occur in the literary works of two different

authors and finally, I will compare the two Slovene translations and try to

establish, if there are any differences between the styles of translation.

3.2 Analysis and detailed definition

3.2.1 Research questions

Specific descriptive questions:

a) Are Slovene translations of English modal and semi – modal verbs expressing

obligation adequate and if not, what is the degree of deviation. The main

concern in this point is not only the proper translation of a modal, but also if

this translation preserves the meaning of a modal or semi – modal and if the

degree of obligation is equivalent to original.

b) How frequent is the occurrence of English modal and semi – modal verbs

expressing obligation in the original novels »Pride and Prejudice« and

»Seduction«.

c) How the Slovene translations of both novels differ, if at all and where do this

differences occur.

Specific explicative questions:

a) Is there any correlation between the frequency of modal usage in the two

original novels, since they are of the same genre, but from different time

periods?

b) Is there a difference in deviation of Slovene translations, because of the two

different translators?

16

3.2.2 Research hypothesis

The research hypothesis is based on the assumption that there will be certain

differences between the two original novels, since the language of Austen is from

a different time period and especially stigmated with the usage of modality.

Although, I think the difference will be quite small since Quick is writing history

novels, which are placed in the time of Austen. As the translations are concerned,

there will certainly be a certain degree of deviation, since the English modality

system is far more complex than Slovene one. The differences between English

and Slovene will probably be most obvious in the frame of mild obligation, since

the Slovene translation of 'should' or 'ought to' is frequently the same as that of

'must' or 'have to'. The differences between two Slovene translations will be, in

my opinion, small, since younger translators usually learn from older ones and the

style of translation is therefore somewhat adopted.

3.3 Methodology

3.3.1 Research methods

In my diploma work I will use two research methods: the descriptive method and

the causal – unexperimental method. In the frame of the first, I will concentrate on

classification of the English modals and semi – modals which are found in both

novels and express obligation. The classification will comprehend the degree of

obligation expressed by individual modal or semi – modal and the type of

modality which it expresses. Furthermore, the adequacy of Slovene translations

will be established and also determined whether the modality is preserved. If not,

the substitution alternative translations will be offered. In the frame of causal –

unexperimental method, the correlation between the two original novels will be

established on the basis of their genres. Furthermore, I will try to establish if there

is an actual relation between the frequency of modality usage and the time periods

from which the novels arise. In the case of Slovene translations the extent of

deviation in the modality will be established, as well it will be determined if this

deviation is in any case related to the fact that we are dealing with two different

translators.

17

3.3.2 Research pattern

The research pattern is based on two novels from different time periods but of the

same genre. The used novels are »Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen and

»Seduction« by Amanda Quick. For the purpose of the research, the research

pattern is based on original novels in English language as well as on their

translations in Slovene, which are made by two different translators. The

researched material comprehends approximately first 100 pages of each novel.

3.4 Results and interpretation of the collected data

3.4.1 Classification of modal and semi – modal verbs found in the

novels »Pride and Prejudice« and »Seduction«

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane Austen

MUST Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.«

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation, the

speaker clearly takes

responsibility for the

imposing of necessity.

»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the Neighbourhood.« »/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.« »/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«

»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.«

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Strong obligation. The

speaker imposes the

obligation on himself

and actually performs

the act.

»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.« »/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« »Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../«

18

»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../«

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation. The

speaker asks his hearer

to impose obligation on

himself and actually

performs the act.

»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very desirable partner./.../« »/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.« »/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../« »/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../« »/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../« »/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«

»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their father and mother./.../«

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Negates the proposition

and it lays an obligation

or gives an undertaking

that the act will not take

place.

»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../«

»/.../It must not be thought of./.../«

»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to those beautiful eyes?« »I must not decide on my own performance.«

19

»Very well, if it must be so, it must.«

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation but

with the notion of

'neutral' must. The

speaker is not actually

laying an obligation; he

is only stating that 'It is

necessary...'

»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.« »/.../and then you must stay all night.« /.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get the better of it;/.../« When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly said so./.../ »/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a cold?/.../« »/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.« »All this she must possess./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« »/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« »/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« »/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« »/.../I must have employment and society./.../« »/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../« »One must speak a little, you know./.../«

20

»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation but

with the notion of

'neutral' must. The

speaker is not actually

laying an obligation; he

is only stating that 'It is

necessary...'

»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../« »All this she must possess./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« »/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« »/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« »/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« »/.../I must have employment and society./.../« »/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../« »One must speak a little, you know./.../« »/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«

HAVE TO Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were wished away by some of the family./.../

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Neutral necessity with

an application of

actuality, meaning that

the event took place.

21

HAD BETTER Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she feels./.../«

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

The speaker advises the

hearer of his best

course of action and is

firm about his advice

with the implication

that unpleasant

consequences my follow

if it is not taken.

»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain;/.../« »/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../«

SHOULD and OUGHT TO Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention.«

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation. The

speaker takes

responsibility for the

imposing of the

necessity.

»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is required.« /.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole evening. »/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.« »/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the size of the room, or the number of couples.«

The boy protested that she should

not/.../

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Negation of a

proposition in the sense

of mild obligation, with

the necessity not to act.

»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my own, however.« »If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be dishonest,/.../«

22

That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was absolutely necessary/.../

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation. Neutral

in its implication of

actuality.

»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse of feeling should be guided by reason/.../« /.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go downstairs herself. The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield. »What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?« »It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« »/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.«

»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were speaking of just now.«

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation and the

implication that the

event did not take place.

»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first class.« »And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he owes his preferment.«

23

/.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Mild obligation. An

implication that the

event does not take

place, an implication of

non-actuality. The

subject failed to reach

the standard suggested.

SEDUCTION by Amanda Quick

MUST Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it.

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation. The

speaker clearly takes

responsibility for the

imposing of the

necessity.

I must be allowed to buy and read whatever books and tracts I wish. You have already made your choice and now you must take your chances. But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with great skill and caution. I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but apparently the lesson must be made plain. You must learn the fine art of your new career. That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy.

I must insist upon it.

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation. The

speaker imposes the

obligation on himself

and actually performs

the act.

I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the topic amusing. I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of your oath. I must insist on our agreement. She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal. But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men did not handle surprises well.

24

One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.

You must admit you've rushed things a trifle.

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation. The

speaker asks his hearer

to impose obligation on

himself and actually

performs the act.

You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a courtship. But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister endured. Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy. But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you. But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again. You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.

She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Negates the

proposition and it lays

an obligation or gives

an undertaking that

the act will not take

place.

You must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary, Anne.

But first I must seek other things.

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Strong obligation but

with the notion of

'neutral' must. The

speaker is not actually

laying an obligation; he

is only stating that 'It is

necessary...'

I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy. Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity. I must go upstairs. Please, Julian, I must dress. We must talk. We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is. She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had made the decision to leave Eslington Park.

25

We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't you agree? We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same hay bale.

HAVE TO Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain necessities a woman needs.

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Strong obligation.

External necessity,

meaning 'It is

necessary...'

Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest of Society.

If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it himself.

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Neutral necessity,

meaning 'It is

necessary...'

(Obligation is laid on

the speaker or the

hearer or both).

Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious. She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot. A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding. He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage. But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again. Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had told herself. I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating nature.

She had to sit down.

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Neutral necessity and

the actuality of the act

which means that the

act took place. (The

obligation was laid on

the speaker).

His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax. It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honourable way out and he had to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more difficult for her. I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it. I was merely recalling a small

26

business matter I had to attend to last week.

She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take.

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Neutral necessity,

meaning that 'It was

necessary...' without

the implication that the

event took place. (The

obligation was laid on

the speaker).

He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently had found him last night. He had to know just how much of a devil he had been.

Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my admirers.

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Neutral necessity,

meaning 'It is not

necessary for...'. The

modality is negated,

which means that the

speaker imposes a

choice on the hearer

and no obligation is

laid upon him.

HAD BETTER Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge.

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

The speaker advises

the hearer of his best

course of action and is

firm about his advice

with the implication

that unpleasant

consequences my

follow if it is not taken.

Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I had better get on with the task.

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

The speaker decides on

his best course of

action with the

implication that

unpleasant

consequences my

follow if it is not taken.

27

SHOULD and OUGHT TO Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy to predict Sophy's comings and goings.

DE

ON

TIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation. The

speaker takes

responsibility for the

imposing of the

necessity.

If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself, Miss Dorring. A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into consideration. I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in London, my lord. Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behaviour. You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl. Because you should know you would not be able to get away with it. I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols. Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt something should be done about it. After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should consider herself very much in my debt. »And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely. I thought ye'd finally left it in the past where it ought to be.

You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.

DE

ON

TIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Negation of a

proposition in the sense

of mild obligation, with

the necessity not to act.

28

Should be back by half past four.

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation.

Neutral in its

implication of

actuality.

That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she dusted off her hands and rose to her feet. I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to take her off the shelf. Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some privacy? That should settle her stomach. Should be interesting. But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he should take to achieve that goal. Maybe he should do both, he told himself. That should prove interesting, if nothing else. She should be here any minute. And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about how a man ought to go on. »Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said. He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.

By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else.

DY

NA

MIC

NE

CE

SS

ITY

Mild obligation and the

implication that the

event did not take

place.

You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on offering for me. Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge. It should have been a pleasure for you last night. The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life. I should have brought along my sketchbook. Glastonbury and Plimpton should

29

have seen to it that their wives never got their hands on a copy of the Memoirs. Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier. You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for me.

Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best clothes.

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Mild obligation. An

implication that the

event does not take

place, an implication of

non-actuality. The

subject failed to reach

the standard suggested.

I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should know I have very little experience with Society.

NEED Example from the survey Type of

modality

The degree of

obligation

Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honour you would not… would not force yourself on me?

DY

NA

MIC

N

EC

ES

SIT

Y

Modal questions the

necessity. Has the

function of must, but it

is more appropriate. Please, my lord, this is so terribly

embarrassing. Need we discuss it?

30

3.4.2 The adequacy of the Slovene translations according to the

function of modals and semi – modals in English

PRIDE AND PREJUDICE by Jane Austen

English example of a modal or semi-

modal used in a sentence Slovene translation

»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../«

»No, dragi moj, zvedeti morate: gospa Long pravi, da je Netherfield vzel v najem zelo premožen mlad mož iz severne Anglije;/.../«

Mo

dali

ty i

s p

rese

rved

»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore you must visit him as soon as he comes.«

»/.../Prav verjetno pa je, da se utegne zaljubiti v katero izmed njih, in zato ga morate obiskati, brž ko pride.«

»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the Neighbourhood.«

»Ampak dragi moj, res morate iti obiskat gospoda Bingleya, ko pride v soseščino.«

»/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him if you do not.«

»/.../Res morate iti, saj ga tudi me ne bomo mogle obiskati, če ga vi ne boste.«

»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.«

»/.../vendar pa moram vplesti dobro besedico za mojo malo Lizzy.«

»/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«

»/.../navsezadnje morajo gospa Long in njeni nečakinji le poskusiti srečo;/.../«

»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very desirable partner./.../«

»/.../Gospod Darcy, morate mi dovoliti, da vam predstavim tole mlado damo kot zelo zaželeno plesalko./.../«

»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.«

»Če so moji otroci neumni, moram upati, da se bom tega zmerom zavedal.«

»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.«

»/.../Upal sem, da se najina mnenja ujemajo v vseh posameznostih, toda moram se toliko raziti z vami, da imam najini najmlajši hčeri za izredno neumni.«

»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their father and mother./.../«

»Moj dragi gospod Bennet, ne smete pričakovati, da bi taki deklici premogli razsodnost svojega očeta in matere./.../«

»/.../and then you must stay all night.« »/.../potem pa boš morala ostati čez noč.«

31

/.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get the better of it;/.../«

/.../Prišel je apotekar, in potem ko je pregledal bolnico, je rekel – da se je hudo prehladila in da si morajo prizadevati, da bo bolezen premagala;/.../«

Mo

dali

ty i

s p

rese

rved

When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly said so./.../

Ko je ura udarila tri, se je Elizabeth zdelo, da mora iti, in je prav nerada to tudi povedala./.../

»/.../A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing, dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word;/.../«

»/.../Ženska se mora dobro spoznati na glasbo, petje, risanje, ples in moderne jezike, da zasluži to oznako;/.../«

»/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word will be but half-deserved.«

»/.../poleg vsega tega pa mora imeti še nekaj posebnega v svoji zunanjosti in vedenju in hoji, v barvi glasu, v nastopu in v izrazu, sicer si to oznako le na pol zasluži.«

»All this she must possess./.../« »Vse to mora imeti./.../« »/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the improvement of her mind by extensive reading.«

»/.../a vsemu temu mora dodati še nekaj bolj oprijemljivega, izpopolnjevati si mora duha z obilnim branjem.«

»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../«

»/.../Gospod Jones pravi, da ne smemo niti misliti na selitev./.../«

»/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.«

»/.../Še nekaj časa moramo izrabljati vašo ljubeznivost.«

»/.../It must not be thought of./.../« »/.../Še pomisliti ne smete na to!/.../«

»/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.«

»/.../Hotel je reči samo to, da na podeželju človek ne srečuje tako raznovrstnih ljudi kakor v mestu, in priznati morate, da to drži.«

»/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../«

»/.../ampak priznati morate, da je zelo grda./.../«

»/.../Darcy must speak for himself.« »/.../Darcy mora sam govoriti zase.«

»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter could do justice to those beautiful eyes?«

»/.../Kar pa zadeva sliko vaše Elizabeth, ne smete tvegati, da bi jo dali narediti, kajti kateri slikar bi mogel biti pravičen tistim lepim očem?«

»/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.«

»/.../Lydia, ljubezen moja, pozvoni – še ta hip moram govoriti s Hillovo.«

»/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../«

»/.../Priznati morate, da je ta zadeva za moja uboga dekleta res bridka./.../«

32

»/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../«

»/.../Če se on hoče izogniti srečevanju z mano, mora sam iti./.../«

Mo

dali

ty i

s p

rese

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»/.../I must have employment and society./.../«

»/.../Zaposlitev in družbo moram imeti./.../«

»/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« »/.../kajti temu moram reči nepoštenost.«

»/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings any object./.../«

»/.../da morajo ljudje, ki se usedejo h kvartanju, to pač tvegati – in na srečo nisem v takem položaju, da bi mi pet šilingov bilo preveč./.../«

»One must speak a little, you know./.../« »Človek mora malo govoriti, veste./.../«

»I must not decide on my own performance.«

»O svojem ravnanju ne smem sama soditi.«

»/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../«

»/.../moraš pa mi oprostiti, da me samo zatrjevanje ne prepriča./.../«

»/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«

»/.../Zato mi morate dovoliti, da v tem primeru storim, kar mi veleva vest, ta pa mi narekuje, da opravim, kar si štejem v dolžnost./.../«

»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../«

»/.../Predvsem mora doseči takšen dogovor glede dajatev, da bo koristen zanj in ne spotikljiv za njegovega zaščitnika./.../«

»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../«

»/.../Pisati si mora pridige;/.../«

The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were wished away by some of the family./.../

Longbournska skupina se je odpravljala zadnja med vsemi povabljenimi, in zaradi manevra gospe Bennet je morala čakati na kočijo še četrt ure potem, ko so vsi drugi že odšli, in to ji je omogočilo spoznati, kako srčno si nekateri člani družine želijo, da bi se jim že spravila s poti./.../ M

od

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ty i

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»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she feels./.../«

»/.../Ženska naj bi v devetih primerih od desetih rajši kazala več naklonjenosti, kakor je občuti./.../«

Mo

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»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to rain;/.../«

»Ne, ljuba moja, rajši pojezdi, kajti vse kaže, da bo deževalo;/.../«

»/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../«

»/.../Bingley, rajši ostani še do konca prihodnjega tedna./.../«

33

The boy protested that she should not/.../ Fant je ugovarjal, da mu je ne bi

smela;/.../

Mo

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»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can command his attention.«

»/.../Jane bi zatorej morala čim bolje izkoristiti vsake pol urice, ko lahko priklene njegovo pozornost./.../«

»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my own, however.«

»/.../Če bi se meni zahotelo v nič devati čigar si bodi otroke, vsaj ne bi smeli biti moji!«

»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse of feeling should be guided by reason/.../«

»Občudujem te, kako dejavna si v svoji dobrohotnosti,« je pripomnila Mary, »toda vsak čustven nagib bi moral voditi razumnost;/.../«

»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is required.«

»/.../in po mojem mnenju bi

moral biti trud vedno sorazmeren temu, kar želimo doseči.«

»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were speaking of just now.«

»/.../vzgojen sem bil za cerkev in zdaj bi že moral imeti nadvse donosno prebendo, ko bi le bilo všeč gospodu, o katerem sva pravkar govorila.«

»If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be dishonest,/.../«

»/.../Če ga že ni vodil kak boljši nagib, bi moral biti vsaj preponosen, da bi bil nepošten/.../«

»What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?«

»Kaj pa je meni gospod Darcy, prosim, da bi se ga morala

bati?/.../« /.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../

/.../in zbala se je, da mogoče zmerom leta iz kraja v kraj in da se sploh ni zasidral v Netherfieldu, kakor naj bi se bil./.../

»/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the size of the room, or the number of couples.«

»/.../jaz sem pokramljala o plesu, vi pa bi morali kaj pripomniti o velikosti sobe ali o številu parov.«

»Very well, if it must be so, it must.« »No, prav; če mora biti, pa naj bo!« Alternative translation: »No, prav; če že mora biti tako,

pač mora.«

Mo

da

lity

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no

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»/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a cold?/.../«

»/.../Čemu neki je njej treba tekati po deželi, ker je njena sestra prehlajena?/.../« Alternative translation: Čemu neki mora ona tekati po

34

deželi, ker je njena sestra

prehlajena?

That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was absolutely necessary/.../

Da so se gospodične Lucasove morale sniti in premleti ples z gospodičnami Bennetovimi, je bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../ Alternative translation: Da so se gospodične Lucasove

bile morale sniti in premleti ples

z gospodičnami Bennetovimi, je

bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../

Mo

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The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield.

/.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je trajal obisk, šepetali druga z drugo in iz vsega tega se je izcimilo, da mora najmlajša prijeti gospoda Bingleya za besedo, ker je ob prihodu obljubil prirediti ples v Netherfieldu. Alternative translation: /.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je

trajal obisk, šepetali druga z

drugo in iz vsega tega se je

izcimilo, da bi morala najmlajša

prijeti gospoda Bingleya za

besedo, ker je ob prihodu

obljubil prirediti ples v

Netherfieldu.

»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first class.«

»/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno pametna in preudarna; jaz pa bolj verjamem, da del teh zmožnosti izvira iz njenega položaja in imetja, del iz njenega oblastnega vedenja, ostanek pa iz prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si je vbil v glavo, da morajo vsi njegovi sorodniki biti izredno bistrega duha.« Alternative translation: »/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno

pametna in preudarna; jaz pa

bolj verjamem, da del teh

zmožnosti izvira iz njenega

položaja in imetja, del iz njenega

oblastnega vedenja, ostanek pa iz

prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si

je vbil v glavo da bi morali biti

vsi njegovi sorodniki izredno

bistrega duha.«

35

/.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole evening.

/.../da je njegov poglavitni namen prikupiti se ji z rahločutno udvorljivostjo, in da mora torej vsekakor ves večer ostati pri njej./.../ Alternative translation: /.../da je njegov poglavitni namen

prikupiti se ji z rahločutno

udvorljivostjo, in da bi moral

torej vsekakor ves večer ostati

pri njej./.../

Mo

dali

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s n

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»/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking of her own beauty.«

»/.../Kadar ima ženska pet odraslih hčera, se mora odreči premišljevanju o svoji lastni lepoti.« Alternative translation: »/.../Kadar ima ženska pet

odraslih hčera, se bi morala

odreči premišljevanju o svoji

lastni lepoti.«

»It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« »Mora biti dobra,« je odvrnil,/.../« Alternative translation: »Moralo bi biti dobro,« je

odvrnil.

»/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.«

»/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi bilo treba pogovor tako prirediti, da bi se jim bilo treba truditi s kar najmanj govorjenja.« Alternative translation: »/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi se

moral pogovor tako prirediti, da

bi se jim bilo treba truditi s kar

najmanj govorjenja.«

»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../«

»Dovolite pa mi pripomniti, da vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela sramote in da trdno upam, da bom tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat doživel, posebno potem, ko pride do nekega zaželenega dogodka, moja draga gospodična Eliza./.../« Alternative translation: »Dovolite pa mi pripomniti, da

vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela

sramote in moram upati, da bom

tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat

doživel, posebno potem, ko pride

do nekega zaželenega dogodka,

moja draga gospodična

Mo

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36

Eliza./.../«

/.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go downstairs herself.

/.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj primerno kakor prijetno, da tudi sama odide dol./.../ Alternative translation: /.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj

primerno kakor prijetno, da bi

morala tudi sama oditi dol./.../

Mo

dali

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»And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he owes his preferment.«

»/.../In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da se vljudno in spravljivo vede do vseh, posebno pa do tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji položaj./.../« Alternative translation: In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da

bi se moral vljudno in spravljivo

vesti do vseh, posebno pa do

tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji

položaj./.../«

SEDUCTION by Amanda Quick

English example of a modal or semi-

modal used in a sentence Slovene translation

You must admit you've rushed things a trifle.

Priznati morate, da se vam je malce mudilo.

Mo

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But first I must seek other things. Vendar moram prej poiskati druge reči.

Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it.

Svoje življenje imate in temu se morate posvetiti.

You have already made your choice and now you must take your chances.

Odločili ste se in zdaj morate tvegati.

I must insist upon it. Moram jo zahtevati. You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly resembling a courtship.

Strinjati se morate, da nisem bila deležna ničesar, kar bi bilo vsaj oddaleč podobno dvorjenju.

I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. Bojim se, da moram vztrajati, Sophy.

I fear we must both learn to live with it, Sophy.

Bojim se, da se bova morala oba navaditi živeti z njo, Sophy.

Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity.

Prav tako, kakor se bova morala navaditi na mojo izredno radovednost.

If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the topic amusing.

Če spet govorite o zapeljevanju, Julian, vam moram povedati, da se mi ta dejavnost ne zdi zabavna.

37

But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister endured.

Vendar morate vedeti, da je neznanska razlika med tem, kar se dogaja med možem in ženo, in takšnim neprijetnim zapeljevanjem, kakor ga je pretrpela vaša sestra.

Mo

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Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy.

Prej ali slej se morate navaditi name, Sophy.

I must go upstairs. Gor moram. I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of your oath.

Spet vam moram reči, da mislim, da prelamljate duha, če že ne črke prisege.

I must insist on our agreement. Vztrajati moram pri najinem dogovoru.

She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal.

Izmisliti si mora kaj, da bo mislil, da je dosegel svoj cilj.

Please, Julian, I must dress. Prosim, Julian, obleči se moram. We must talk. Pogovoriti se morava. But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you.

Vendar mi morate verjeti, da vam nikakor nisem hotel narediti nič hudega.

We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is.

Morava, sicer se vam bo zdelo vse še hujše, kakor je že.

But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again.

Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje morala spet ljubiti.

You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.

Priznati morate, da ste imeli v mislih samo to, ko ste se poročili z mano.

I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but apparently the lesson must be made plain.

Mislil sem, da ste dovolj inteligentni, da boste to že takoj na začetku ugotovili, toda očitno vas moram o tem jasno poučiti.

She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.

Ni smel dovoliti, da bi dobila vtis, da lahko dela z njih, kar hoče.

You must learn the fine art of your new career.

Naučiti se morate umetnij svojega novega poklica.

But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men did not handle surprises well.

Vendar ni smela pozabiti, da je nocoj presenetila Juliana in da moški slabo prenašajo presenečenja.

We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't you agree?

Opreti se morava na zdravo pamet in se navaditi, da bova znosno živela skupaj, ali ne ?

We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same hay bale.

Bivati morava v istem hlevu, piti iz istega korita, jesti od iste bale sena.

That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy.

Tudi tega se morate naučiti o družbi, Sophy.

38

You must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary, Anne.

Ne smete nas držati v negotovosti dlje, kot je neizogibno potrebno, Anne.

Mo

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One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.

Človeka kar utrudi, ko se skuša prebiti skozi tiste dokaj čudne Blakove pesmi, in reči moram, da je včasih težko ločiti med Coleridgeovimi literarnimi in opijskimi vizijami.

If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it himself.

Če naj se zadeva sploh reši, jo bo moral rešiti sam, je sklenil Julian.

Mo

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Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious.

Vedela je, da morala biti izredno previdna.

Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my admirers.

Lord Ravenwood se dobro zaveda, da mu ne bo treba izgubljati časa, da podil od mene oboževalce.

I was merely recalling a small business matter I had to attend to last week.

Premišljeval sem le o neki poslovni zadevi, ki sem jo moral

opraviti minuli teden. She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take.

Sophy se mora navaditi, da ne bo prenašal izmikanj, polovičnih resnic ali milijarde drugih oblik, v katere se dajo zaviti ženske laži.

She had to sit down. Morala je sesti. She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot.

Spati bo morala vsaj na delčku širokega, vlažnega madeža.

A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding.

Moški bi moral dobesedno napasti žensko, da bi povzročil tolikšno krvavenje.

He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage.

Zelo hudo bi jo moral raniti, da bi jo tako zelo poškodoval.

He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently had found him last night.

Moral jo je nekako prepričati, da ni takšna pošast, kakršna se ji je očitno zdel sinoči.

His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax.

Za hip jo je močneje zgrabil in prisiliti se je moral, da je popustil prijem.

He had to know just how much of a devil he had been.

Moral je vedeti, kolikšen vrag je bil.

But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again.

Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje vendarle morala spet ljubiti.

It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honorable way out and he had to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more difficult for her.

Pretresljivo jasno je bilo, da je bila častna rešitev samo ena, in sprejeti jo je moral, čeprav je vedel, da bo navsezadnje vse skupaj mnogo težje prav zanjo.

39

You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain necessities a woman needs.

Kdaj pa kdaj ga boste morali spomniti, da obstajajo določene reči, ki jih ženska nujno potrebuje.

Mo

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Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had told herself.

Kakor bi ga morala včasih tudi spomniti, da ima ženo, si je rekla Sophy.

I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating nature.

Poskrbeti bom moral, da jih bom zamenjal s čim bolj poduhovljenim.

Should be back by half past four. Do pol petih bi morala biti doma.

Mo

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Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy to predict Sophy's comings and goings.

Vsekakor, seveda, Ravenwood, vendar bi vas moral opozoriti, da ni vedno lahko napovedovati, kaj bo počela Sophy.

By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else.

Po vsej pravici bi morala kakor vsi drugi z obema rokama zgrabiti Julianovo ponudbo.

That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she dusted off her hands and rose to her feet.

Za naslednja dva meseca bi

morala imeti dovolj, Bess,« je izjavila, ko si je otresla prah z dlani in vstala.

Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best clothes.

Ta trenutek bi morali biti v Chesleyjskem dvorcu, oblečeni v pražnja oblačila.

If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself, Miss Dorring.

Če so še druge govorice tako neumne kakor tale, bi vas moralo biti sram, gospodična Dorring.

A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into consideration.

Prav gotovo obžalovanja vredna pomanjkljivost in najbrž bi jo morali tudi upoštevati.

I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in London, my lord.

Mislim, da bi vam morala jasno povedati, da ne nameravam ostajati tukaj v Ravenwoodu ali na katerem vaših drugih posestev, ko bi bili vi v Londonu, moj lord.

Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behavior.

Dovoli, da ti povem, mladenka, vsi bi se morali od srca zahvaliti Bogu, da je Ravenwood voljan tako prizanesljivo prenašati tvoje čudno vedenje.

I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to take her off the shelf.

Misli, in to trdno verjamem, da bi

morala biti vsaka ženska, ki na tej stopnji svojega življenja še ni poročena, večno hvaležna moškemu, ki je bil toliko prijazen, da jo je snel iz pozabe.

You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl.

Ti, Sophy, bi morala biti grofu izredno hvaležna.

40

Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some privacy?

Se boste zdaj strinjali, da bi mi moralo biti kdaj dovoljeno nekaj zasebnosti?

Mo

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You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.

Predvsem ne bi smeli ugibati o takšnih zadevah.

You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on offering for me.

O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.

I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols.

Povedati bi vam morala, da me je ded naučil ravnati s pištolami.

That should settle her stomach. To bi ji moralo pomiriti želodec. Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge.

Počasi se je dvignil, se oprl na blazine in čakal, da se mu povrne še preostanek spomina, ki bi

moral biti zelo zadovoljujoč. It should have been a pleasure for you last night.

Sinoči bi bili morali uživati.

The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life.

Naslednja dva dneva bi morala biti najbolj blažena v Sophyjinem življenju.

I should have brought along my sketchbook.

Prinesti bi bila morala svoj risalni blok.

Glastonbury and Plimpton should have seen to it that their wives never got their hands on a copy of the Memoirs.

Glastonbury in Plimpton bi morala poskrbeti, da njuni ženi sploh ne bi dobili v roke izvoda Memoarov.

Maybe he should do both, he told himself.

Mogoče bi moral narediti oboje, si je rekel.

She should be here any minute. Vsak hip bi morala priti. After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should consider herself very much in my debt.

Ko je lord Ashford tistega večera odšel, sem rekla svoji služabnici, da bi se morala lady Ashford imeti za mojo veliko dolžnico.

And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about how a man ought to go on.

In ženske, celo razumne ženske, imajo te preklicane romantične zamisli, kako bi moral moški ravnati v teh zadevah.

You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for me.

O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.

Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier.

Malce prepozno si je Sophy rekla, da bi bila morala v hipu vedeti, zakaj je malo prej vzdrgetala.

41

If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had

better learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge.

Če boste nagajali svojemu možu, gospa žena, se rajši kar navadite prestajati negotovost v pričakovanju, kako se vam bo maščeval.

Mo

da

lity

is

pre

serv

ed

Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I had better get on with the task.

Oprostite mi, Fanny. Mislim, da imate res prav. Moje delo je varovati Sophy in najbolje bo, da se te naloge pri priči lotim.

Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honor you would not… would not force yourself on me?

Vas moram že tako hitro spomniti, da ste mi dali častno besedo, da se mi ne boste...ne boste vsiljevali?

Mo

da

lity

is

pre

serv

ed

Please, my lord, this is so terribly embarrassing. Need we discuss it?

Prosim, moj lord, to je tako strašno nerodno. Se morava pogovarjati o tem?

But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with great skill and caution.

Toda zelišča so lahko za mater zelo nevarna in jih je treba uporabljati zelo vešče in previdno. Alternative translation: Toda zelišča so lahko za mater

zelo nevarna in se morajo

uporabljati zelo vešče in

previdno.

Mo

da

lity

is

no

t

ad

equ

ate

ly p

rese

rved

Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt something should be done about it.

Gospodična Wollstonecraft je imela globok vpogled v položaj žensk in zdelo se ji je, da je treba nekaj narediti glede tega. Alternative translation: Gospodična Wollstonecraft je

imela globok vpogled v položaj

žensk in zdelo se ji je, da bi se

moralo nekaj narediti glede tega.

Mo

dali

ty i

s n

ot

ad

equ

ate

ly p

rese

rved

But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he should take to achieve that goal.

Toda čeprav je natanko vedel, kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil tako zelo prepričan o tem, kakšno pot naj ubere, da bi ta cilj dosegel. Alternative translation: Toda čeprav je natanko vedel,

kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil

tako zelo prepričan kakšnih

ukrepov bi se bil moral poslužiti,

da bi ta cilj dosegel.

Because you should know you would not be able to get away with it.

Kajti vedeti morate, da je s tem ne bi odnesli.

42

Alternative translation: Kajti vedeti bi morali, da je s tem

ne bi odnesli.

I must be allowed to buy and read whatever books and tracts I wish.

Smela bom kupovati in brati knjige in razprave, katerekoli bom hotela. Alternative translation: Dovoliti se mi mora, da kupujem

in berem katerekoli knjige in

razprave bom hotela. Mo

da

lity

is

no

t

pre

serv

ed

She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had made the decision to leave Eslington Park.

Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka, je vedela, da ne bo ušla temu srečanju. Alternative translation: Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da

bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka,

je vedela, da bo morala prenesti

to srečanje.

Mo

da

lity

is

no

t

pre

serv

ed

I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it.

Verjemite, da sem veliko tvegala, da sem ga dobila. Alternative translation: Verjemite, da sem morala veliko

tvegati, da sem ga dobila.

Mo

da

lity

is

no

t p

rese

rved

Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest of Society.

Nocoj bosta imela za to prvič priložnost, kakor tudi vsi drugi iz družbe. Alternative translation: Nocoj bo prva priložnost ko bosta

morala, skupaj z vso ostalo

družbo, tako ukrepati.

Should be interesting. Najbrž bo zanimivo. Alternative translation: Moralo bi biti zanimivo.

Mo

dali

ty i

s n

ot

pre

serv

ed That should prove interesting, if

nothing else. Če nič drugega, bo to vsaj zanimivo. Alternative translation: Če nič drugega, bi se to moralo

izkazati vsaj kot zanimivo.

I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should know I have very little experience with Society.

Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole, Julian, vendar vi najbolje veste, da imam z družbo zelo malo izkušenj. Alternative translation: Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole,

Julian, vendar bi vi morali od

vseh najbolje vedeti, da imam z

družbo zelo malo izkušenj.

43

»And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely.

»In tako je tudi prav,« je divje rekla Sophy. Alternative translation: »In tako bi tudi morala biti,« je

divje rekla Sophy.

Mo

dali

ty i

s n

ot

pre

serv

ed I thought ye'd finally left it in the past

where it ought to be. Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v preteklosti, kamor spada. Alternative translation: Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v

preteklosti, kjer bi tudi morala

biti.

»Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said.

»Mogoče bi šla bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil Ravenwood. Alternative translation: »Mogoče bi se morala lotiti tega

bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil

Ravenwood.

He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.

Vsekakor bo znal obvladati tudi svojo ženo. Alternative translation: Vsekakor bi moral biti zmožen

obvladati svojo ženo.

3.5 Analysis of the researched material

Pride and Prejudice –

While examining the

of modals and semi-modals in English, I have reached the

the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not

preserved in 4 examples and the modality was not

examples out of 62 examples in total.

following 'pie' diagram.

Diagram 1: The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«.

According to individual modals and semi

conclusion is as follows:

Diagram 2: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and

Prejudice«.

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

Nu

mb

er

of

ex

am

ple

s

44

of the researched material

– English vs. Prevzetnost in Pristranost – Slovene

the adequacy of Slovene translations according to the fu

modals in English, I have reached the following

the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not

preserved in 4 examples and the modality was not adequately

examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the

following 'pie' diagram.

The level of preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice«.

According to individual modals and semi-modals expressing

is as follows:

The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

MUST HAVE TOHAD

BETTERSHOULD

Modality is preserved 36 1 3 8

Modality is not preserved 2 0 0 2

Modality is not adequatly

preserved1 0 0 4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Slovene

of Slovene translations according to the function

following conclusion:

the function of modality was preserved in 50 examples, the modality was not

adequately preserved in 8

The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the

expressing obligation the

The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Pride and

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

SHOULDOUGHT

TO

2

0

3

Seduction – English vs. Zapeljevanje

While examining the

of modals and semi-modals in English, I have reached the

the function of modality was preserved in 79

preserved in 11 examples and the modality was not

examples out of 94 examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the

following 'pie' diagram.

Diagram 3: The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«.

According to individual modals and semi

conclusion is as follows:

Diagram 4: The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

Nu

mb

er

of

ex

am

ple

s

45

English vs. Zapeljevanje – Slovene

the adequacy of Slovene translations according to the function

modals in English, I have reached the following

of modality was preserved in 79 examples, the modality was not

preserved in 11 examples and the modality was not adequately

examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the

following 'pie' diagram.

The level of preserved modality in »Seduction«.

According to individual modals and semi-modals expressing

is as follows:

The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

MUSTHAVE

TO

HAD

BETTERSHOULD

OUGHT

Modality is preserved 31 17 2 24

Modality is not preserved 2 2 0 4

Modality is not adequatly

preserved1 0 0 3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

according to the function

following conclusion:

examples, the modality was not

adequately preserved in 4

examples in total. The latter conclusion is nicely shown in the

expressing obligation the

The level of preserved modality according to individual modal in »Seduction«.

Modality is preserved

Modality is not preserved

Modality is not adequatly

preserved

OUGHT

TONEED

3 2

3 0

0 0

46

»Pride and Prejudice« vs. »Seduction«

On the basis of selected research pattern, I have found out that the occurrence of

the modals and semi-modals in both novels is as follows: in »Pride and Prejudice«

62 examples and in »Seduction« 92 examples of modals and semi-modals

expressing obligation. The detailed analysis of the frequency in which the each

individual modal or semi-modal occurs in both novels is seen in the table below.

Diagram 5: The frequency of modals in both novels.

Diagram 6: The relation between dynamic and deontic necessity within and between both novels.

The proportion between deontic and dynamic necessity in »Pride and Prejudice«

is balanced. More examples of dynamic necessity in »Seduction« mean only that

there are more examples of the modal have to, which can be only dynamic. The

unexpected result is, moreover, the fact that we have more examples of modality

expressing obligation in »Seduction« than in »Pride and Prejudice«. Maybe this is

the case, because Amanda Quick is not writing in her own time and therefore does

not use the language as natural as that is the case with Austen.

MUST HAVE TOHAD

BETTERSHOULD OUGHT TO

Pride and Prejudice 39 1 3 14 5

Seduction 34 19 2 31 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Nu

mb

er

of

ex

am

ple

s

Dynamic necessity Deonotic necessity

Pride and Prejudice 32 30

Seduction 53 39

0

20

40

60

Nu

mb

er

of

ex

am

ple

s

47

»Prevzetnost in Pristranost« vs. »Zapeljevanje«

While examining the adequacy of Slovene translations, my concern was also what

is the difference between both Slovene translations. The deviation between both

Slovene translations is shown in the table below.

Diagram 7: The comparison of both Slovene translations.

From the above table we can see that in both novels the percentage of preserved

modality is approximately the same, the »Seduction« is leading only for few

percent. Furthermore we come across an interesting cognition that there are more

examples of not adequately preserved modality in »Pride and Prejudice« as in

»Seduction« and in the case of not preserved modality the situation is vice versa.

The most problematic modals were should and ought to, where the percentage of

examples with preserved modality was the lowest. The problem is most

commonly the fact that the translations are the same as for must or have to and the

modality is therefore not adequately preserved. The other factor is that, the

modality is not preserved at all, probably because the adequate translation is

stylistically not as appropriate as the one which does not preserve the modality.

From the diagram 2 we can see that the problem with »Pride and Prejudice« was

especially with the adequacy of translation while in »Seduction« we deal with

complete lack of modality, namely, modality was not preserved at all.

Modality is

preserved

Modality is not

preserved

Modality is not

adequatly

preserved

Pride and Prejudice 80,60% 6,50% 12,90%

Seduction 83,70% 12% 4,30%

0,00%

10,00%

20,00%

30,00%

40,00%

50,00%

60,00%

70,00%

80,00%

90,00%

48

3.6 Conclusion

The conclusion of this research is definitely surprising in some extent. Firstly, the

number of examples in which the modality was preserved is in both novels

extremely high. But on the other hand, if we would compare, if the modality is

preserved in the sense of ''subject oriented necessity'', the case would be somehow

different. The important point to remember is that the modality was preserved in

the sense of ''strong'' and ''mild obligation'', but the numbers would be different if

the analysis would comprehend also the English classification of the modal

system. The latter would be difficult to obtain, since we cannot respectively apply

English classification on the Slovene modals of obligation. The matter of a fact is

that the Slovene modal system does not classify modals of obligation into

subcategories, since it has only two: moram and bi moral. Therefore such an

analysis would be pointless since we do not have anything to compare. From this

point of view, we can say that according to the classification of ''mild'' and

''strong'' obligation, the adequacy of translation was very good, but if an actual

meaning would be concerned, in the levels of modality, we cannot be sure if

modality would be preserved in the sense of meaning or not, because such

classification in the Slovene language is not available.

Finally, the surprising fact was also that the degree of modality used by Quick is

higher than that used by Austen. We can make, already mentioned conclusion that

Quick does not use the language so naturally because she is not writing in her own

time. Any other general conclusion, about the usage of modality, is hard to make

since I did not examine the usage of all models. The actual degree of modality

used in both novels could be defined only on the basis of complete survey. It is

possible that Austen uses more is to for futurity, since this is the distinctive semi-

modal of her language. But as I said, the generalization and any other premature

assumptions are not appropriate since the results, in this case, can always be a

surprise.

49

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Austen, J. Pride and Prejudice. Acquired on 5th of February, from

http://www.virtualimprint.com

Austen, J. (prevedla Majda Stanovnik) (2008). Prevzetnost in pristranost.

Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba.

Palmer, F. R. (1990). Modality and the English Modals (2nd edition). New York:

Longman Inc.

Palmer, F. R. (1987). The English Verb (2nd edition). New York: Longman Inc.

Quick, A. Seduction. Acquired on 5th of February, from

http://www.processtext.com/abclit.html

Quick, A. (prevedla Breda Lipovšek) (2003). Zapeljevanje. Ljubljana: Mladinska

knjiga.

50

SUPPLEMENTS

1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

AK – Andreja Koban

P – Palmer

PP – Pride and prejudice

S – Seduction

2. Modal and semi – modal verbs of obligation and their Slovene translations in

the novels »Pride and prejudice« by Jane Austen and »Seduction« by

Amanda Quick

»Pride and Prejudice« by Jane Austen

MUST

»Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfield is taken by a

young man of large fortune from the north of England;/.../« (Chapter 1, page 5)

»No, dragi moj, zvedeti morate: gospa Long pravi, da je Netherfield vzel v najem

zelo premožen mlad mož iz severne Anglije;/.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 5)

»/.../But it is very likely that he may fall in love with one of them, and therefore

you must visit him as soon as he comes.« (Chapter 1, page 6)

»/.../Prav verjetno pa je, da se utegne zaljubiti v katero izmed njih, in zato ga

morate obiskati, brž ko pride.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)

»But, my dear, you must indeed go and see Mr. Bingley when he comes into the

Neighbourhood.« (Chapter 1, page 6)

»Ampak dragi moj, res morate iti obiskat gospoda Bingleya, ko pride v

soseščino.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)

»/.../Indeed you must go, for it will be imposible for us to visit him if you do not.«

(Chapter 1, page 7)

»/.../Res morate iti, saj ga tudi me ne bomo mogle obiskati, če ga vi ne boste.«

(Poglavje 1, stran 6)

51

»/.../though I must throw in a good word for my little Lizzy.« (Chapter 1, page 7)

»/.../vendar pa moram vplesti dobro besedico za mojo malo Lizzy.« (Poglavje 1,

stran 7)

»/.../and after all, Mrs. Long and her daughters must stand their chance;/.../«

(Chapter 2, page 9)

»/.../navsezadnje morajo gospa Long in njeni nečakinji le poskusiti srečo;/.../«

(Poglavje 2, stran 9)

»Very well, if it must be so, it must.« (Chapter 6, page 28)

»No, prav; če mora biti, pa naj bo!« (Poglavje 6, stran 27)

»/.../Mr, Darcy, you must allow me to present this young lady to you as a very

desirable partner./.../« (Chapter 6, page 29)

»/.../Gospod Darcy, morate mi dovoliti, da vam predstavim tole mlado damo kot

zelo zaželeno plesalko./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 29)

»If my children are silly, I must hope to be always sensible of it.« (Chapter 7,

page 33)

»Če so moji otroci neumni, moram upati, da se bom tega zmerom zavedal.«

(Poglavje 7, stran 33)

»/.../I had hoped that our sentiments coincided in every particular, but I must so

far differ from you as to think our two youngest daughters uncommonly foolish.«

(Chapter 7, page 33)

»/.../Upal sem, da se najina mnenja ujemajo v vseh posameznostih, toda moram se

toliko raziti z vami, da imam najini najmlajši hčeri za izredno neumni.« (Poglavje

7, stran 33)

»My dear Mr. Bennet, you must not expect such girls to have the sense of their

father and mother./.../« (Chapter 7, page 33)

»Moj dragi gospod Bennet, ne smete pričakovati, da bi taki deklici premogli

razsodnost svojega očeta in matere./.../« (Poglavje 7, stran 33)

52

»/.../and then you must stay all night.« (Chapter 7, page 35)

»/.../potem pa boš morala ostati čez noč.« (Poglavje 7, stran 34)

/.../The apothecary came, and having examined his patient, said, as might be

supposed, that she had caught a violent cold, and that they must endeavour to get

the better of it;/.../« (Chapter 7, page 38)

/.../Prišel je apotekar, in potem ko je pregledal bolnico, je rekel – da se je hudo

prehladila in da si morajo prizadevati, da bo bolezen premagala;/.../« (Poglavje 7,

stran 38)

When the clock struck three, Elizabeth felt that she must go, and very unwillingly

said so./.../ (Chapter 7, page 38)

Ko je ura udarila tri, se je Elizabeth zdelo, da mora iti, in je prav nerada to tudi

povedala./.../ (Poglavje 7, stran 38)

»/.../Why must she be scampering about the country, because her sister had a

cold?/.../« (Chapter 8, page 40)

»/.../Čemu neki je njej treba tekati po deželi, ker je njena sestra prehlajena?/.../«

(Poglavje 8, stran 39)

»/.../A woman must have a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing,

dancing, and the modern languages, to deserve the word;/.../« (Chapter 8, page 44)

»/.../Ženska se mora dobro spoznati na glasbo, petje, risanje, ples in moderne

jezike, da zasluži to oznako;/.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)

»/.../and besides all this, she must possess a certain something in her air and

manner of walking, the tone of her voice, her address and expressions, or the word

will be but half-deserved.« (Chapter 8, page 44)

»/.../poleg vsega tega pa mora imeti še nekaj posebnega v svoji zunanjosti in

vedenju in hoji, v barvi glasu, v nastopu in v izrazu, sicer si to oznako le na pol

zasluži.« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)

»All this she must possess./.../« (Chapter 8, page 44)

53

»Vse to mora imeti./.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)

»/.../and to all this she must yet add something more substantial, in the

improvement of her mind by extensive reading.« (Chapter 8, page 44)

»/.../a vsemu temu mora dodati še nekaj bolj oprijemljivega, izpopolnjevati si

mora duha z obilnim branjem.« (Poglavje 8, stran 44)

»/.../Mr, Jones says we must not think of moving her./.../« (Chapter 9, page 46)

»/.../Gospod Jones pravi, da ne smemo niti misliti na selitev./.../« (Poglavje 9,

stran 46)

»/.../We must trespass a little longer on your kindness.« (Chapter 9, page 46)

»/.../Še nekaj časa moramo izrabljati vašo ljubeznivost.« (Poglavje 9, stran 46)

»/.../It must not be thought of./.../« (Chapter 9, page 47)

»/.../Še pomisliti ne smete na to!/.../« (Poglavje 9, stran 46)

»/.../He only meant that there was not such a variety of people to be met with in

the country as in the town, which you must acknowledge to be true.« (Chapter 9,

page 49)

»/.../Hotel je reči samo to, da na podeželju človek ne srečuje tako raznovrstnih

ljudi kakor v mestu, in priznati morate, da to drži.« (Poglavje 9, stran 48)

»/.../but you must own she is very plain./.../« (chapter 9, page 49)

»/.../ampak priznati morate, da je zelo grda./.../« (Poglavje 9, stran 49)

»/.../As for your Elizabeth's picture, you must not have it taken, for what painter

could do justice to those beautiful eyes?« (Chapter 10, page 58)

»/.../Kar pa zadeva sliko vaše Elizabeth, ne smete tvegati, da bi jo dali narediti,

kajti kateri slikar bi mogel biti pravičen tistim lepim očem?« (Poglavje 10, stran

58)

»/.../Lydia, my love, ring the bell-I must speak to Hill this moment.« (Chapter 13,

page 69)

54

»/.../Lydia, ljubezen moja, pozvoni – še ta hip moram govoriti s Hillovo.«

(Poglavje 13, stran 67)

»/.../It is a grievous affair to my poor girls, you must confess./.../« (Chapter 13,

Page 73)

»/.../Priznati morate, da je ta zadeva za moja uboga dekleta res bridka./.../«

(Poglavje 13, stran 71)

»/.../If he wishes to avoid seeing me, he must go./.../« (Chapter 16, page 87)

»/.../Če se on hoče izogniti srečevanju z mano, mora sam iti./.../« (Poglavje 16,

stran 85)

»/.../I must have employment and society./.../« (Chapter 16, page 88)

»/.../Zaposlitev in družbo moram imeti./.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 86)

»/.../for dishonesty I must call it.« (Chapter 16, page 90)

»/.../kajti temu moram reči nepoštenost.« (Poglavje 16, stran 89)

»/.../that when persons sit down to a card-table, they must take their chances of

these things, and happily I am not in such circumstances as to make five shillings

any object./.../« (Chapter 16, page 92)

»/.../da morajo ljudje, ki se usedejo h kvartanju, to pač tvegati – in na srečo nisem

v takem položaju, da bi mi pet šilingov bilo preveč./.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 91)

»One must speak a little, you know./.../« (Chapter 18, page 101)

»Človek mora malo govoriti, veste./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 100)

»I must not decide on my own performance.« (Chapter 18, page 102)

»O svojem ravnanju ne smem sama soditi.« (Poglavje 18, stran 100)

»Allow me to say, however, that your fair partner does not disgrace you, and that I

must hope to have this pleasure often repeated, especially when a certain desirable

event, my dear Eliza shall take place./.../« (Chapter 18, page 102)

»Dovolite pa ki pripomniti, da vam vaša lepa plesalka ne dela sramote in da trdno

55

upam, da bom tako zadovoljstvo še velikokrat doživel, posebno potem, ko pride

do nekega zaželenega dogodka, moja draga gospodična Eliza./.../« (Poglavje 18,

stran 101)

»/.../but you must excuse my not being convinced by assurances only./.../«

(Chapter 18, page 106)

»/.../moraš pa mi oprostiti, da me samo zatrjevanje ne prepriča./.../« (Poglavje 18,

stran 105)

»/.../You must therefore allow me to follow the distates of my conscience on this

occasion, which leads me to perform what I look on as a point of duty./.../«

(Chapter 18, page 108)

»/.../Zato mi morate dovoliti, da v tem primeru storim, kar mi veleva vest, ta pa mi

narekuje, da opravim, kar si štejem v dolžnost./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 107)

»/.../In the first place, he must make such an agreement for tithes as a may be

beneficial to himself and not offensive to his patron./.../« (Chapter 18, page 111)

»/.../Predvsem mora doseči takšen dogovor glede dajatev, da bo koristen zanj in

ne spotikljiv za njegovega zaščitnika./.../« (poglavje 18, stran 111)

»/.../He must write his own sermons;/.../« (Chapter 18, page 111)

»/.../Pisati si mora pridige;/.../« (Poglavje 18, stran 111)

HAVE TO

The Longbourn party were the last of all the company to depart, and, by a

manoeuvre of Mrs. Bennet, had to wait for their carriage a quarter of an hour after

everybody else was gone, which gave them time to see how heartly they were

wished away by some of the family./.../ (Chapter 18, page 113)

Longbournska skupina se je odpravljala zadnja med vsemi povabljenimi, in zaradi

manevra gospe Bennet je morala čakati na kočijo še četrt ure potem, ko so vsi

drugi že odšli, in to ji je omogočilo spoznati, kako srčno si nekateri člani družine

želijo, da bi se jim že spravila s poti./.../ (Poglavje 18, stran 112)

56

HAD BETTER

»/.../In nine cases out of ten a women had better show more affection than she

feels./.../« (Chapter 6, page 25)

»/.../Ženska naj bi v devetih primerih od desetih rajši kazala več naklonjenosti,

kakor je občuti./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 24)

»No, my dear, you had better go on horseback, because it seems likely to

rain;/.../« (Chapter 7, page 35)

»Ne, ljuba moja, rajši pojezdi, kajti vse kaže, da bo deževalo;/.../« (Poglavje 7,

stran 34)

»/.../Bingley, you had better stay till next week./.../« (Chapter 10, page 54)

»/.../Bingley, rajši ostani še do konca prihodnjega tedna./.../« (Poglavje 10, stran

54)

SHOULD

That the Miss Lucases and the Miss Bennets should meet to talk over a ball was

absolutely necessary/.../ (Chapter 5, page 20)

Da so se gospodične Lucasove morale sniti in premleti ples z gospodičnami

Bennetovimi, je bilo popolnoma nujno,/.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 20)

The boy protested that she should not/.../ (Chapter 5, page 23)

Fant je ugovarjal, da mu je ne bi smela;/.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 23)

»Jane should therefore make the most of every half-hour in which she can

command his attention.« (Chapter 6, page 25)

»/.../Jane bi zatorej morala čim bolje izkoristiti vsake pol urice, ko lahko priklene

njegovo pozornost./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran 25)

»If I wished to think slightingly of anybody's children, it should not be of my

own, however.« (Chapter 7, page 33)

»/.../Če bi se meni zahotelo v nič devati čigar si bodi otroke, vsaj ne bi smeli biti

moji!« (Poglavje 7, stran 33)

57

»I admire the activity of your benevolence,« observed Mary, »but every impulse

of feeling should be guided by reason/.../« (Chapter 7, page 36)

»Občudujem te, kako dejavna si v svoji dobrohotnosti,« je pripomnila Mary,

»toda vsak čustven nagib bi moral voditi razumnost;/.../« (Poglavje 7, stran 36)

»/.../and, in my opinion, exertion should always be in proportion to what is

required.« (Chapter 7, page 36)

»/.../in po mojem mnenju bi moral biti trud vedno sorazmeren temu, kar želimo

doseči.« (Poglavje 7, stran 36)

/.../and when it seemed to her rather right than pleasant that she should go

downstairs herself. (Chapter 8, page 41)

/.../in ko se ji je zdelo bolj primerno kakor prijetno, da tudi sama odide dol./.../

(Poglavje 8, stran 41)

The two girls had been whispering to each other during the whole visit, and the

result of it was, that the youngest should tax Mr. Bingley with having promised on

his first coming into the country to give a ball at Netherfield. (Chapter 9, page 50)

/.../Dekleti sta ves čas, dokler je trajal obisk, šepetali druga z drugo in iz vsega

tega se je izcimilo, da mora najmlajša prijeti gospoda Bingleya za besedo, ker je

ob prihodu obljubil prirediti ples v Netherfieldu. (Poglavje 9, stran 50)

»/.../I was brought up for the church, and I should at this time have been in

possession of a most valuable living, had it pleased the gentleman we were

speaking of just now.« (Chapter 16, page 88)

»/.../vzgojen sem bil za cerkev in zdaj bi že moral imeti nadvse donosno

prebendo, ko bi le bilo všel gospodu, o katerem sva pravkar govorila.« (Poglavje

16, stran 86)

»If from no better motive, that he should not have been too proud to be

dishonest,/.../« (Chapter 16, page 90)

»/.../Če ga že ni vodil kak boljši nagib, bi moral biti vsaj preponosen, da bi bil

nepošten/.../« (Poglavje 16, stran 89)

58

»She has the reputation of being remarkably sensible and clever; but I rather

believe she derives part of her abilities from her rank and fortune, part from her

authoritative manner, and the rest from the pride for her nephew, who chooses

that everyone connected with him should have an understanding of the first

class.« (Chapter 16, page 93)

»/.../O njej gre glas, da je izredno pametna in preudarna; jaz pa bolj verjamem, da

del teh zmožnosti izvira iz njenega položaja in imetja, del iz njenega oblastnega

vedenja, ostanek pa iz prevzetnosti njenega nečaka, ki si je vbil v glavo, da

morajo vsi njegovi sorodniki biti izredno bistrega duha.« (Poglavje 16, stran 92)

»What is Mr. Darcy to me, pray, that I should be afraid of him?« (Chapter 18,

page 110)

»Kaj pa je meni gospod Darcy, prosim, da bi se ga morala bati?/.../« (Poglavje 18,

stran 109)

»And I do not think it of light importance that he should have attentive and

conciliatory manner towards everybody, especially towards those to whom he

owes his preferment.« (Chapter 18, page 111)

»/.../In ne zdi se mi najmanj važno, da se vljudno in spravljivo vede do vseh,

posebno pa do tistih, ki so ga spravili na višji položaj./.../« (Poglavje 18, stran

111)

/.../that his chief object was by delicate attentions to recommend himself to her

and that he should therefore make a point of remaining close to her the whole

evening. (Chapter 18, page 112)

/.../da je njegov poglavitni namen prikupiti se ji z rahločutno udvorljivostjo, in da

mora torej vsekakor ves večer ostati pri njej./.../ (Poglavje 18, stran 112)

OUGHT TO

»/.../When a woman has five grown-up daughters, she ought to give over thinking

of her own beauty.« (Chapter 1, page 6)

»/.../Kadar ima ženska pet odraslih hčera, se mora odreči premišljevanju o svoji

lastni lepoti.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)

59

/.../and she began to fear that he might be always flying about from one place to

another, and never settled at Netherfield as he ought to be./.../ (Chapter 3, page

12)

/.../in zbala se je, da mogoče zmerom leta iz kraja v kraj in da se sploh ni zasidral

v netherfieldu, kakor naj bi se bil./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 12)

»It ought to be good,« he replied,/.../« (Chapter 8, page 42)

»Mora biti dobra,« je odvrnil,/.../« (Poglavje 8, stran 42)

»/.../I talked about the dance, and you ought to make some sort of remark on the

size of the room, or the number of couples.« (Chapter 18, page 101)

»/.../jaz sem pokramljala o plesu,vi pa bi morali kaj pripomniti o velikosti sobe ali

o številu parov.« (Poglavje 18, stran 99)

»/.../and yet for the advantage of some, conversation ought to be so arranged, as

that they may have the trouble of saying as little as possible.« (Chapter 18, page

101)

»/.../nekaterim na ljubo pa bi bilo treba pogovor tako prirediti, da bi se jim bilo

treba truditi s kar najmanj govorjenja.« (poglavje 18, stran 100)

»Seduction« by Amanda Quick (Jayne Ann Krentz)

MUST

»You must admit you've rushed things a trifle./.../« (Chapter 1, page 3)

»Priznati morate, da se vam je malce mudilo./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)

Sophy's smile faded. »Perhaps. But first I must seek other things.« (Chapter 1,

page 10)

Sophy je zamrl nasmeh. »Mogoče. Vendar moram prej poiskati druge reči.«

(Poglavje 1, stran 12)

»/.../Ye have yer own life and ye must pay attention to it./.../« (Chapter 1, page 11)

»/.../Svoje življenje imate in temu se morate posvetiti./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 13)

»That, of course, brings me to my third demand. I must be allowed to buy and

60

read whatever books and tracts I wish.« (Chapter 1, page 24)

»To me, seveda, pripelje do tretje zahteve. Smela bom kupovati in brati knjige in

razprave, katerekoli bom hotela.« (Poglavje 1, stran 24)

»/.../You have already made your choice and now you must take your

chances./.../« (Chapter 1, page 26)

»/.../Odločili ste se in zdaj morate tvegati./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 25)

»/.../I must insist upon it.« (Chapter 1, page 25)

»/.../Moram jo zahtevati.« (Poglavje 1, stran 26)

»/.../You must agree I have hardly been treated to anything even faintly

resembling a courtship.« (Chapter 2, page 30)

»/.../Strinjati se morate, da nisem bila deležna ničesar, kar bi bilo vsaj oddaleč

podobno dvorjenju.« (Poglavje 2, stran 29)

»You will speak of it to me. I am afraid I must insist, Sophy. I am your husband.«

(Chapter 2, page 44)

»Z mano boste govorili o tem. Bojim se, da moram vztrajati, Sophy. Vaš mož

sem.« (Poglavje 2, stran 41)

»Ah, yes, my excessive arrogance. I fear we must both learn to live with it,

Sophy./.../« (Chapter 2, page 44)

»Ah, da, moja izredna gospodovalnost. Bojim se, da se bova morala oba navaditi

živeti z njo, Sophy./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 41)

»/.../Just as we must learn to live with my excessive curiosity.«/.../ (Chapter 2,

page 44)

»/.../Prav tako, kakor se bova morala navaditi na mojo izredno radovednost.«/.../

(Poglavje 2, stran 41)

/.../»But the herbs can be very dangerous to the mother and must be used with

great skill and caution.«/.../ (Chapter 2, page 46)

/.../»Toda zelišča so lahko za mater zelo nevarna in jih je treba uporabljati zelo

vešče in previdno.«/.../ (Poglavje 2, stran 42)

»If you are talking about seduction again, Julian, I must tell you, I do not find the

61

topic amusing.« (Chapter 2, page 47)

»Če spet govorite o zapeljevanju, Julian, vam moram povedati, da se mi ta

dejavnost ne zdi zabavna.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)

»/.../But you must learn that there is a vast difference between that which goes on

between husband and wife and the sort of unpleasant seduction your sister

endured.« (Chapter 2, page 47)

»/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da je neznanska razlika med tem, kar se dogaja med

možem in ženo, in takšnim neprijetnim zapeljevanjem, kakor ga je pretrpela vaša

sestra.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)

/.../»Sooner or later you must accustom yourself to me, Sophy.« (Chapter 2, page

48)

/.../»Prej ali slej se morate navaditi name, Sophy.« (Poglavje 2, stran 44)

»I… Excuse me, my lord. I must go upstairs. Everything has come undone.« She

whirled and flew to the door. (Chapter 3, page 59)

»Jaz...Oprostite mi, moj lord. Gor moram. Vse se mi je razpletlo.« Zavrtela se je

in stekla skozi vrata. (Poglavje 3, stran 53)

»/.../I must tell you again that I feel you are breaking the spirit, if not the letter of

your oath.« (Chapter 3, page 63)

»/.../Spet vam moram reči, da mislim, da prelamljate duha, če že ne črke prisege.«

(Poglavje 3, stran 57)

»I must insist on our agreement…« She tried to argue but she was so nervous now

she could not even stand./.../ (Chapter 3, page 68)

»Vztrajati moram pri najinem dogovoru...« Poskušala je ugovarjati, vendar je bila

sedaj že tako živčna, da niti stati ni več mogla./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 61)

/.../She must contrive to make him think he had achieved his goal. (Chapter 3,

page 72)

/.../Izmisliti si mora kaj, da bo mislil, da je dosegel svoj cilj. (Poglavje 3, stran 64)

62

»I told you, I am fine. Please, Julian, I must dress.« (Chapter 4, page 77)

»Rekla sem vam, dobro mi je. Prosim, Julian, obleči se moram.« (Poglavje 4,

stran 69)

/.../He caught her gently by the shoulders and looked down into her worried eyes.

»We must talk.« (Chapter 4, page 77)

/.../Nežno jo je ujel za ramena in ji pogledal v zaskrbljene oči. »Pogovoriti se

morava.« (Poglavje 4, stran 69)

»/.../But you must believe, I never intended to hurt you.« (Chapter 4, page 78)

»/.../Vendar mi morate verjeti, da vam nikakor nisem hotel narediti nič hudega.«

(Poglavje 4, stran 70)

»We must, else you will make the matter out to be even worse than it already is.

Sophy, look at me.« (Chapter 4, page 78)

»Morava, sicer se vam bo zdelo vse še hujše, kakor je že. Sophy, poglejte me.«

(Poglavje 4, stran 70)

»/.../But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again./.../«

(Chapter 4, page 79)

»/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje morala spet ljubiti./.../«

(Poglavje 4, stran 71)

»/.../You must admit that is all you had in mind when you married me.« (Chapter

4, page 90)

»/.../Priznati morate, da ste imeli v mislih samo to, ko ste se poročili z mano.«

(Poglavje 4, stran 80)

»/.../I thought you were intelligent enough to have realized that from the start, but

apparently the lesson must be made plain.« (Chapter 4, page 91)

»/.../Mislil sem, da ste dovolj inteligentni, da boste to že takoj na začetku

ugotovili, toda očitno vas moram o tem jasno poučiti.« (Poglavje 4, stran 80)

/.../She must not be allowed to gain the impression that she could manipulate him.

63

(Chapter 5, page 99)

/.../Ni smel dovoliti, da bi dobila vtis, da lahko dela z njih, kar hoče. (Poglavje 5,

stran 89)

/.../She had known she must endure this confrontation from the moment she had

made the decision to leave Eslington Park./.../ (Chapter 5, page 105)

/.../Od trenutka, ko se je odločila, da bo odšla iz Eslingtonskega parka, je vedela,

da ne bo ušla temu srečanju./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 93)

»/.../You must learn the fine art of your new career.« (Chapter 5, page 107)

»/.../Naučiti se morate umetnij svojega novega poklica.« (Poglavje 5, stran 95)

/.../ But she must remember that she had taken Julian by surprise tonight and men

did not handle surprises well./.../ (Chapter 5, page 109)

/.../Vendar ni smela pozabiti, da je nocoj presenetila Juliana in da moški slabo

prenašajo presenečenja./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 96)

»/.../We must use some common sense to learn to live tolerantly together, don't

you agree?« (Chapter 5, page 109)

»/.../Opreti se morava na zdravo pamet in se navaditi, da bova znosno živela

skupaj, ali ne ?« (Poglavje 5, stran 97)

»/.../We must share the same barn, drink from the same trough, eat from the same

hay bale.« (Chapter 5, page 109)

»/.../Bivati morava v istem hlevu, piti iz istega korita, jesti od iste bale sena.«

(Poglavje 5, stran 97)

»That's one of the things you must learn about Society, Sophy./.../« (Chapter 5,

page 114)

»Tudi tega se morate naučiti o družbi, Sophy./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 101)

»/.../you must not keep us in suspense any longer than is absolutely necessary,

Anne./.../« (Chapter 6, page 116)

»/.../ne smete nas držati v negotovosti dlje, kot je neizogibno potrebno, Anne./.../«

64

(Poglavje 6, stran 104)

»One can get a little tired of trying to muddle through those rather strange poems

of Blake's and I must say there are times when it is difficult to tell the difference

between Coleridge's literary visions and his opium visions.« (Chapter 6, page 117)

»Človeka kar utrudi, ko se skuša prebiti skozi tiste dokaj čudne Blakove pesmi, in

reči moram, da je včasih težko ločiti med Coleridgeovimi literarnimi in opijskimi

vizijami.« (Poglavje 6, stran 104)

HAVE TO

/.../If the situation was to be salvaged, Julian decided, he would have to do it

himself. (Chapter 1, page 7)

/.../Če naj se zadeva sploh reši, jo bo moral rešiti sam, je sklenil Julian. (Poglavje

1, stran 10)

/.../ Sophy knew she would have to be extraordinarily cautious. (Chapter 1, page

18)

/.../Vedela je, da morala biti izredno previdna. (Poglavje 1, stran 19)

»/.../Lord Ravenwood is well aware he will not have to waste time fending off my

admirers. There will not be any.« (Chapter 2, page 32)

»/.../Lord Ravenwood se dobro zaveda, da mu ne bo treba izgubljati časa, da podil

od mene oboževalce; ker jih namreč ne bo.« (Poglavje 2, stran 31)

»/.../I was merely recalling a small business matter I had to attend to last week.«

(Chapter 2, page 36)

»/.../Premišljeval sem le o neki poslovni zadevi, ki sem jo moral opraviti minuli

teden.« (Poglavje 2, stran 34)

/.../She had to learn that he would tolerate no evasions, half-truths, or any of the

myriad other shapes a woman's lies could take. (Chapter 2, page 43)

/.../Sophy se mora navaditi, da ne bo prenašal izmikanj, polovičnih resnic ali

milijarde drugih oblik, v katere se dajo zaviti ženske laži. (Poglavje 2, stran 40)

65

/.../ She had to sit down./.../ (Chapter 3, page 63)

/.../Morala je sesti./.../ (Poglavje 3, stran 57)

/.../ She would have to sleep on at least a portion of the wide, damp spot. (Chapter

3, page 73)

/.../Spati bo morala vsaj na delčku širokega, vlažnega madeža. (Poglavje 3, stran

65)

A man would have to literally assault a woman to cause this much bleeding./.../

(Chapter 4, page 75)

Moški bi moral dobesedno napasti žensko, da bi povzročil tolikšno krvavenje./.../

(Poglavje 4, stran 68)

/.../ He would have had to hurt her very badly to produce so much damage.

(Chapter 4, page 75)

/.../Zelo hudo bi jo moral raniti, da bi jo tako zelo poškodoval. (Poglavje 4, stran

68)

/.../ He had to find a way to reassure her that he was not the monster she evidently

had found him last night./.../ (Chapter 4, page 77)

/.../Moral jo je nekako prepričati, da ni takšna pošast, kakršna se ji je očitno zdel

sinoči./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 69)

His hands tightened briefly on her and he had to force himself to relax./.../

(Chapter 4, page 78)

Za hip jo je močneje zgrabil in prisiliti se je moral, da je popustil prijem./.../

(Poglavje 4, stran 70)

/.../He had to know just how much of a devil he had been./.../ (Chapter 4, page 79)

/.../Moral je vedeti, kolikšen vrag je bil./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 71)

/.../ But you must realize that eventually we will have to make love again./.../

(Chapter 4, page 79)

/.../Vendar morate vedeti, da se bova navsezadnje vendarle morala spet ljubiti./.../

66

(Poglavje 4, stran 71)

/.../It was shatteringly clear that there was only one honorable way out and he had

to take it even though he knew that it would ultimately make everything far more

difficult for her. (Chapter 4, page 80)

/.../Pretresljivo jasno je bilo, da je bila častna rešitev samo ena, in sprejeti jo je

moral, čeprav je vedel, da bo navsezadnje vse skupaj mnogo težje prav zanjo.

(Poglavje 4, stran 72)

»/.../I assure you I had to risk life and limb to obtain it./.../« (Chapter 6, page 114)

»/.../Verjemite, da sem veliko tvegala, da sem ga dobila./.../« (Poglavje 6, stran

102)

»/.../You will have to remind him from time to time that there are certain

necessities a woman needs.« (Chapter 6, page 116)

»/.../Kdaj pa kdaj ga boste morali spomniti, da obstajajo določene reči, ki jih

ženska nujno potrebuje.« (Poglavje 6, stran 103)

Just as she would have to remind him occasionally that he had a wife, Sophy had

told herself./.../ (Chapter 6, page 116)

Kakor bi ga morala včasih tudi spomniti, da ima ženo, si je rekla Sophy./.../

(Poglavje 6, stran 103)

/.../Tonight was the first opportunity they would have to do so along with the rest

of Society. (Chapter 6, page 124)

/.../Nocoj bosta imela za to prvič priložnost, kakor tudi vsi drugi iz družbe.

(Poglavje 6, stran 111)

»I shall have to see about replacing them with something of a more elevating

nature./.../« (Chapter 6, page 130)

»Poskrbeti bom moral, da jih bom zamenjal s čim bolj poduhovljenim. (Poglavje

6, stran 115)

67

SHOULD

/.../»Should be back by half past four .« (Chapter 1, page 3)

/.../»Do pol petih bi morala biti doma.« (Poglavje 1, stran 7)

»Certainly, by all means, Ravenwood, but I should warn you it ain't always easy

to predict Sophy's comings and goings./.../« (Chapter 1, page 3)

»Vsekakor, seveda, Ravenwood, vendar bi vas moral opozoriti, da ni vedno lahko

napovedovati, kaj bo počela Sophy./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 7)

/.../ By rights she should have leapt at Julian's offer along with everyone else./.../

(Chapter 1, page 5)

/.../Po vsej pravici bi morala kakor vsi drugi z obema rokama zgrabiti Julianovo

ponudbo./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 8)

»That should do me for the next couple of months, Bess,« she announced as she

dusted off her hands and rose to her feet./.../ (Chapter 1, page 10)

»Za naslednja dva meseca bi morala imeti dovolj, Bess,« je izjavila, ko si je

otresla prah z dlani in vstala./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 12)

»/.../Ye should be at Chesley Court at this very moment and dressed in yer best

clothes.« (Chapter 1, page 12)

»/.../Ta trenutek bi morali biti v Chesleyjskem dvorcu, oblečeni v pražnja

oblačila.« (Poglavje 1, stran 13)

»If the rest of the gossip is as silly as that bit, you should be ashamed of yourself,

Miss Dorring.« (Chapter 1, page 21)

»Če so še druge govorice tako neumne kakor tale, bi vas moralo biti sram,

gospodična Dorring.« (Poglavje 1, stran 21)

»/.../A regrettable failing, to be sure and one you should probably take into

consideration./.../« (Chapter 1, page 21)

»/.../Prav gotovo obžalovanja vredna pomanjkljivost in najbrž bi jo morali tudi

upoštevati./.../« (Poglavje 1, stran 21)

68

/.../»I think I should make it perfectly clear that I do not intend to be left behind

here at Ravenwood or one of your other estates while you spend your time in

London, my lord.« (Chapter 1, page 21)

/.../»Mislim, da bi vam morala jasno povedati, da ne nameravam ostajati tukaj v

Ravenwoodu ali na katerem vaših drugih posestev, ko bi bili vi v Londonu, moj

lord.« (Poglavje 1, stran 22)

»/.../Allow me to tell you, young woman, we should all be extremely grateful

Ravenwood is willing to be so tolerant of your outlandish behavior.« (Chapter 2,

page 29)

»/.../Dovoli, da ti povem, mladenka, vsi bi se morali od srca zahvaliti Bogu, da je

Ravenwood voljan tako prizanesljivo prenašati tvoje čudno vedenje.« (Poglavje 2,

stran 28)

»/.../I do believe he feels that any woman who finds herself unmarried at this point

in her life should be everlastingly grateful to the man who was kind enough to

take her off the shelf./.../« (Chapter 2, page 31)

»/.../Misli, in to trdno verjamem, da bi morala biti vsaka ženska, ki na tej stopnji

svojega življenja še ni poročena, večno hvaležna moškemu, ki je bil toliko

prijazen, da jo je snel iz pozabe./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 30)

»/.../You, Sophy, should be extremely grateful to the Earl.« (Chapter 2, page 33)

»/.../Ti, Sophy, bi morala biti grofu izredno hvaležna.« (Poglavje 2, stran 31)

»Excellent. Because you should know you would not be able to get away with

it./.../« (Chapter 2, page 38)

»Odlično. Kajti vedeti morate, da je s tem ne bi odnesli./.../« (Poglavje 2, stran 36)

/.../»Will you agree now that there are times when I should be allowed some

privacy?« (Chapter 2, page 39)

/.../»Se boste zdaj strinjali, da bi mi moralo biti kdaj dovoljeno nekaj zasebnosti?«

(Poglavje 2, stran 36)

»You should not be speculating about such things in the first place.« (Chapter 2,

69

page 39)

»Predvsem ne bi smeli ugibati o takšnih zadevah.« (Poglavje 2, stran 37)

/.../»You should have considered my improper tendencies before you insisted on

offering for me.« (Chapter 2, page 44)

/.../O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.« (Poglavje 2,

stran 39)

/.../»I should tell you my grandfather taught me how to use his pistols. I am

accounted a fair shot.« (Chapter 2, page 48)

/.../»Povedati bi vam morala, da me je ded naučil ravnati s pištolami. Veljam za

dokaj dobro strelko.« (Poglavje 2, stran 45)

»/.../That should settle her stomach. If she is not any better by morning, be sure to

let me know.« (Chapter 3, page 61)

»/.../To bi ji moralo pomiriti želodec. Če ji do jutra ne bo zaleglo, mi zagotovo

povej.« (Poglavje 3, stran 55)

»/.../Miss Wollstonecraft had deep insight into the female situation and she felt

something should be done about it./.../« (Chapter 3, page 66)

»/.../Gospodična Wollstonecraft je imela globok vpogled v položaj žensk in zdelo

se ji je, da je treba nekaj narediti glede tega./.../« (Poglavje 3, stran 60)

Julian eased himself up slowly onto the pillows, waiting for the rest of what

should have been a very satisfying memory to emerge./.../ (Chapter 4, page 73)

Počasi se je dvignil, se oprl na blazine in čakal, da se mu povrne še preostanek

spomina, ki bi moral biti zelo zadovoljujoč./.../ (Poglavje 4, stran 66)

»/.../It should have been a pleasure for you last night. I meant it to be pleasurable.

I don't know what happened./.../« (Chapter 4, page 78)

»/.../Sinoči bi bili morali uživati. Hotel sem, da bi bilo prijetno. Ne vem, kaj se je

zgodilo./.../« (Poglavje 4, stran 70)

The next two days should have been the most blissful of Sophy's life./.../ (Chapter

70

4, page 81)

Naslednja dva dneva bi morala biti najbolj blažena v Sophyjinem življenju./.../

(Poglavje 4, stran 73)

»/.../I should have brought along my sketchbook.« (Chapter 4, page 85)

»/.../Prinesti bi bila morala svoj risalni blok.« (Poglavje 4, stran 76)

/.../»Glastonbury and Plimpton should have seen to it that their wives never got

their hands on a copy of the Memoirs.« (Chapter 5, page 96)

/.../»Glastonbury in Plimpton bi morala poskrbeti, da njuni ženi sploh ne bi dobili

v roke izvoda Memoarov.« (Poglavje 5, stran 86)

»Should be interesting. Gossip has it Lord Eastwell got one of Charlotte's

blackmail notes today./.../« (Chapter 5, page 98)

»Najbrž bo zanimivo. Govorijo, da je lord Eastwell danes dobil Charlottino

izsiljevalsko sporočilce./.../« (Poglavje 5, stran 88)

But while he was sure of his goal, he was not quite so certain of the measures he

should take to achieve that goal./.../ (Chapter 5, page 101)

Toda čeprav je natanko vedel, kakšen je njegov cilj, pa ni bil tako zelo prepričan o

tem, kakšno pot naj ubere, da bi ta cilj dosegel./.../ (Poglavje 5, stran 90)

/.../ Maybe he should do both, he told himself. (Chapter 5, page 104)

/.../Mogoče bi moral narediti oboje, si je rekel. (Poglavje 5, stran 92)

»That should prove interesting, if nothing else.« (Chapter 5, page 111)

»Če nič drugega, bo to vsaj zanimivo.« (Poglavje 5, stran 99)

/.../»I will be happy to take care of these, Julian, but you of all people should

know I have very little experience with Society.« (Chapter 5, page 113)

/.../»Zelo rada bom poskrbela za tole, Julian, vendar vi najbolje veste, da imam z

družbo zelo malo izkušenj.« (Poglavje 5, stran 100)

»She should be here any minute.« (Chapter 5, page 113)

71

»Vsak hip bi morala priti.« (Poglavje 5, stran 100)

After Lord Ashford left that evening I told my maid that Lady Ashford should

consider herself very much in my debt./.../ (Chapter 6, page 121)

Ko je lord Ashford tistega večera odšel, sem rekla svoji služabnici, da bi se

morala lady Ashford imeti za mojo veliko dolžnico./.../ (Poglavje 6, stran 108)

»And so she should be,« Sophy said fiercely./.../ (Chapter 6, page 121)

»In tako je tudi prav,« je divje rekla Sophy./.../ (Poglavje 6, stran 108)

OUGHT TO

»/.../And women, even sensible women, have these damn romantic notions about

how a man ought to go on.« (Chapter 1, page 3)

»/.../In ženske, celo razumne ženske, imajo te preklicane romantične zamisli, kako

bi moral moški ravnati v teh zadevah.« (Poglavje 1, stran 6)

»/.../I thought ye'd finally left it in the past where it ought to be.« (Chapter 1, page

10)

»/.../Mislila sem, da ste jo pustili v preteklosti, kamor spada.« (Poglavje 1, stran

13)

Belatedly Sophy told herself she ought to have immediately recognized the little

frisson of awareness that had gone through her a moment earlier./.../ (Chapter 1,

page 15)

Malce prepozno si je Sophy rekla, da bi bila morala v hipu vedeti, zakaj je malo

prej vzdrgetala./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 16)

»Perhaps we ought to take this step by step,« Ravenwood said./.../ (Chapter 1,

page 19)

»Mogoče bi šla bolj zlagoma,« je pripomnil Ravenwood./.../ (Poglavje 1, stran 20)

»/.../You ought to have made your inquiries into the matter before you offered for

me.« (Chapter 2, page 42)

»/.../O tem bi bili morali povprašati, preden ste me zaprosili za roko.« (Poglavje 2,

72

strn 39)

»/.../He certainly ought to be able to deal with his wife.« (Chapter 5, page 99)

»/.../Vsekakor bo znal obvladati tudi svojo ženo.« (Poglavje 5, stran 88)

HAD BETTER

»If you are going to play tricks on your husband, Madam Wife, you had better

learn how to handle the suspense of worrying about his revenge./.../« (Chapter 4,

page 91)

»Če boste nagajali svojemu možu, gospa žena, se rajši kar navadite prestajati

negotovost v pričakovanju, kako se vam bo maščeval./.../« (Poglavje 4, stran 81)

»Excuse me, Fanny. I do believe you are right. It is my job to protect Sophy and I

had better get on with the task.« (Chapter 6, page 127)

»Oprostite mi, Fanny. Mislim, da imate res prav. Moje delo je varovati Sophy in

najbolje bo, da se te naloge pri priči lotim.« (Poglavje 6, stran 113)

NEED

/.../» Need I remind you so soon that you gave me your word of honor you would

not… would not force yourself on me?« (Chapter 2, page 40)

/.../»Vas moram že tako hitro spomniti, da ste mi dali častno besedo, da se mi ne

boste...ne boste vsiljevali?« (Poglavje 2, stran 38)

»Please, my lord, this is so terribly embarrassing. Need we discuss it?« (Chapter

4, page 78)

»Prosim, moj lord, to je tako strašno nerodno. Se morava pogovarjati o tem?«

(Poglavje 4, stran 70)